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IBM Personal Computer XT: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox information appliance
| name = IBM Personal Computer XT
| title =
| aka = IBM XT, PC/XT, XT
| logo = IBM Personal Computer XT badge recreation.svg
| logo_upright = 0.5
| image = IbmIBM pxPC xtXT color.jpg
| caption =
| developer =
| manufacturer = [[IBM]]
| family =
| type = [[Personal computer]]
| generation =
| releasedate = {{Start date and age|1983|03|08}}
| lifespan =
| price =
| discontinued = {{End date|1987|04}}
| unitssold =
| unitsshipped =
| media =
| os = [[IBM BASIC]] / [[PC DOS]] 2.0-3.20 / [[PC/IX]] / [[Santa Cruz Operation|SCO]] [[Xenix]]
| power = 120/240 VAC
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| memory = 128 KB – 640 KB
| storage = 10–20 MB hard drive
| memory card =
| display =
| graphics = [[IBM Monochrome Display Adapter|MDA]], [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]]
| sound = [[PC speaker]] 1-channel square-wave/1-bit digital ([[Pulse-width modulation|PWM]]-capable)
| input =
| controllers =
| camera =
| touchpad =
| connectivity =
| platform =
| service =
| dimensions = W: {{cvt|19.5|in|cm}}<br />H: {{cvt|5.5|in|cm}}<br />D: {{cvt|16|in|cm}}
| weight = {{cvt|32|lb}}
| topgame =
| compatibility =
| predecessor = [[IBM Personal Computer]]
| successor = {{ubl|[[IBM Personal Computer AT]] (next model)|[[IBM PS/2 Model 30]] (direct replacement)}}
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== Features ==
The XT was regarded as an incremental improvement over the PC and a disappointment compared to the next-generation successor that some had anticipated. Compared to the original IBM PC, the XT has the following major differences:<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-05|magazine=Byte |volume=8 |number=5 |page=520 |title=IBM Unveils Top-of-the-Line Personal Computer |date=May 1983}}</ref>
* The number of expansion slots was increased from five to eight
 
* TheBase numberRAM of expansion slots iswas increased fromto fiveat toleast eight128&nbsp;KB
* Base RAM is increased to at least 128&nbsp;KB
* 2x32KB ROM ICs replace the previous 5x8KB ROM ICs
* A 10&nbsp;MB hard drive{{which|date=December 2023}} iswas included ason standardmost equipmentsub-models, with a [[disk controller]] featuring [[Xebec Corporation|Xebec]] ICs<ref name=wired>{{cite journalmagazine | last=Barkow | first=Tim | date=October 1996 | url=https://www.wired.com/1996/10/es-intaglio/ | title=The Bottom Feeders | workmagazine=Wired | publisher=Wired Ventures | volume=4 | issue=10 | pages=110–127 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112091504/https://www.wired.com/1996/10/es-intaglio/ | archivedate=November 12, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|111}}
* [[IBM PC DOS#PC DOS 2.x|PC DOS 2.0]] iswas included
* The [[DIN connector#Analog audio|5-pin DIN]] for the cassette interface iswas removed
 
Otherwise the specifications are identical to the original PC.
 
=== Expansion slots ===
The number of expansion slots in the original IBM PC was a limiting factor for the product, since essential components (such as the video controller, disk controller and printer interface) each came as separate expansion cards and could quickly fill up all five available slots, requiring the user to swap cards in and out as tasks demanded.<ref name="dievendorff19811007">{{cite book|author=Dievendorff, Dick|url=http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/pc/pc/|title=IBM Personal Computer Questions and Answers|publisher=IBM|year=1981|pages=9–10}}</ref> Some PC clones addressed this problem by integrating components into the motherboard to free up slots,<ref name="freeze19851216">{{cite news|author=Freeze, Ken|date=December 16, 1985|title=Leading Edge: Superior Value In IBM-PC Clone Market Contest|pages=43|work=InfoWorld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cC8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43|access-date=July 22, 2014}}</ref> while peripheral manufacturers produced products which integrated multiple functions into one card.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Inc|first=InfoWorld Media Group|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wS8EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Multifunction+Cards+for+IBM+PCs%22&pg=PA76|title=InfoWorld|date=November 14, 1983|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-11|magazine=Byte |volume=8 |number=11 |title=Inside the IBM PC|date=November 1983}}</ref>
 
The XT addressed the problem by adding three extra expansion slots for a total of eight. While the slots themselves are identical to those in the original PC, the amount of physical space in the chassis differs, so two of the new slots (located behind the hard drive) cannot accept full-length cards. In addition, the spacing of the slots is narrower than in the original PC, making it impossible to install some multi-board cards.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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In 1986, the 256–640 KB motherboard models were launched, which switched to half-height drives.
 
Submodels 268, 278 and 089 came with 101-key [[IBM PC keyboard|keyboards]] (essentially the IBM Model M, but in a modified variant that used the XT's keyboard protocol and lacked LEDs).
 
Submodels 267, 277 and 088 had the original keyboard, but 3.5" floppy drives became available and 20MB Seagate ST-225 hard disks in 5.25" half-height size replaced the full-height 10&nbsp;MB drives.
Line 110 ⟶ 109:
 
=== XT 286 {{anchor|IBM XT 286}} ===
{{picplain image with caption|IBM Personal Computer XT 286 badge recreation.svg|upright=0.5|caption=XT 286 badge}}
In 1986, the '''XT 286''' (model 5162) was released with a 6&nbsp;MHz [[Intel 80286]] processor. Despite being marketed as a lower-tier model than the [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|IBM AT]], this system runs many applications faster than the ATs of the time with 6&nbsp;MHz 286 processors, since it has zero-[[wait state]] RAM.<ref name="Mueller92" />{{rp|95}}
 
It shipped with 640&nbsp;KB RAM standard, an AT-style 1.2&nbsp;MB high-density diskette drive and a 20&nbsp;MB hard disk.<ref name="sim81">Personal Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, pages 8-1 to 8-2</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NZrPkWywRXgC&pg=PA155 "The AT Clone from IBM"], ''PC Magazine'', January 13, 1987</ref> Despite these features, reviews rated it as a poor market value.<ref name="Inc.1987">{{cite book|author=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yjAEAAAAMBAJ|title=InfoWorld|date=March 23, 1987|publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yjAEAAAAMBAJ/page/n48 49]|issn=0199-6649}}</ref>
 
The XT 286 uses a 157-watt power supply, which can internally switch between 115 or 230&nbsp;V AC operation.<ref name="sim81" />
 
{{anchor|End of life}}Both the original XT and the XT/286 was discontinued in late 1987 after the springlaunch of 1987 when the [[IBM PS/2|IBM Personal System/2]] (PS/2) line was announced. The 8086-powered [[IBM PS/2 Model 30]] served as the direct replacement for the XT in that PS/2 line. Unlike higher-end entries in the PS/2 line, which feature the [[Micro Channel architecture|Micro Channel]] expansion bus, the Model 30 contains 8-bit ISA bus slots, exactly like the XT.
 
===Comparison table===
{{See also|List of IBM Personal Computer models}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header sort-under" ▼
{{sort-under}}
|- ▼
▲{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header sort-under" col3right col4right col12right"
▲|-
|+ IBM Personal Computer XT models
! {{verth|va=middle|Type}}
! {{verth|va=middle|IBM {{abbr|P/N|part number}}}}
! Date announced
! Date withdrawn
! Bus
! {{verth|va=middle|{{abbr|No.|Number}} of<br />slots}}
! {{verth|va=middle|{{abbr|No.|Number}} of<br />bays}}
! Processor
! {{verth|va=middle|Clock<br />speed<br />{{small|(MHz)}}}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Stock onboard RAM<br />{{small|(KB)}}}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Maximum onboard RAM<br />{{small|(KB)}}}}
! {{abbr|FDD|Floppy disk drive}}
! {{abbr|HDD|Hard disk drive}}
Line 140 ⟶ 141:
! Ref(s).
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-087}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|03|08|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|06|19|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 153 ⟶ 154:
| 360&nbsp;KB
| 10&nbsp;MB
|  &nbsp;
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40>{{cite book | date=April 6, 1987 | url=https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/pc/PS2_and_IBM_PC_Product_Reference_Version_4.0_Apr87.pdf#page=244 | title=IBM Personal System/2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference | edition=4.0 | publisher=International Business Machines Corporation | via=[[Bitsavers]]}}</ref>{{rp|236}}|<ref name=firstshoe>{{cite journal | last=Sandler | first=Corey | date=April 1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wCiNAUEuAMC&pg=RA2-PA90 | title=IBM Drops the First Shoe | workjournal=PC Magazine | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=1 | issue=12 | pages=90–102 | via=Google Books}}</ref>|<ref name=mueller4ed>{{cite book | last=Mueller | first=Scott | date=1994 | url=https://archive.org/details/upgradingrepairi00muel_7/page/1208/ | title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs | publisher=Que | edition=4th | isbn=9781565299320 | via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|1068}}}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-086}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|06|19|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|0406|0230|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 169 ⟶ 170:
| 360&nbsp;KB
| 10&nbsp;MB
|  &nbsp;
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmslashes>{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=June 11, 1984 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A554458/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IBM Slashes PC Prices, Adds Memory; Drops 64KB | workjournal=Electronic News | publisher= Sage Publications | volume=30 | issue=1501 | page=24 | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic>{{cite journal | last=Sanger | first=David E. | date=June 24, 1987 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/426534977/ | title=I.B.M. Optimistic on Newest PC's | journal=The New York Times | page=D4 | id={{ProQuest|426534977}}}}</ref>|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-068}}
| {{date table sorting|1985|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|0406|0230|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 184 ⟶ 185:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
|  &nbsp;
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=mueller4ed />{{rp|1068}}|<ref name=sager>{{cite journal | last=Sager | first=Ira | date=April 8, 1985 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A3723060/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IBM moves to reduce PC XT inventories | workjournal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=31 | pages=24 ''et seq''. | via=Gale | quote=The new floppy disk-based versions of the PC XT basically just strips the 10MB hard disk from the earlier unit. The machines come with base memory of 256KB and are available in either single or dual 360 KB diskette versions. A single diskette unit with keyboard and 256 KB of main memory is priced at $2,270, while the dual diskette version is priced at $2,570. A fully configured PC XT with 256 KB of RAM, a 360 KB diskette, keyboard, monochrome monitor and adapter, and operating system comes in at about $2,860.}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-078}}
| {{date table sorting|1985|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|0406|0230|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 199 ⟶ 200:
| 256&nbsp;KB
| 640&nbsp;KB
| two&nbsp; 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
|  &nbsp;
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=mueller4ed />{{rp|1068}}|<ref name=sager />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-088}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|19831987|1006|30|format=my}}▼
| {{Unknown}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 218 ⟶ 219:
| 20&nbsp;MB
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz>{{cite journal | last=Whitmore | first=Sam | date=April 8, 1986 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A666904/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Product blitz may signal more aggressive IBM: firm ups ante for the makers of compatibles | workjournal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=3 | issue=14 | page=1 | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-089}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 234 ⟶ 235:
| 20&nbsp;MB
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-267}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|19831987|1006|30|format=my}}▼
| {{Unknown}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 248 ⟶ 249:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-268}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 264 ⟶ 265:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-277}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 279 ⟶ 280:
| 256&nbsp;KB
| 640&nbsp;KB
| two&nbsp; 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| XT
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-278}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 295 ⟶ 296:
| 256&nbsp;KB
| 640&nbsp;KB
| two&nbsp; 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-000}}
| {{unknown}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 312 ⟶ 313:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without printer adapter, fixed disk adapter, and keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref>{{cite journal | date=January 1984 | url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/datapro/programmable_terminals/Datapro_C21_IBM.pdf#page=62 | title=IBM 3770 Family Batch Communications Terminals | workjournal=Distributed Processing & Intelligent TennlnalsTerminals | publisher=Datapro | page=C21-491-101 | via=Bitsavers.org}}</ref>|<ref name=libes>{{cite journal | last=Libes | first=Sol | date=February 28, 1984 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A3150465/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=3270 emulation board makers, beware! IBM is aiming at you | workjournal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=1 | issue=28 | pages=25 ''et seq''. | via=Gale}}</ref>}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-002}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 328 ⟶ 329:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without printer adapter and fixed disk adapter
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement>{{cite journal | last=Henkel | first=T. | date=October 24, 1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFqbDqPhSMcC&pg=PA1 | title=IBM Takes Wraps off Two Micros Capable of Accessing Mainframes | workjournal=Computerworld | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=17 | issue=43 | pages=1, 10 | via=Google Books}}</ref>{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-004}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 344 ⟶ 345:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384&nbsp;KB in June 1984
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-006}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 362 ⟶ 363:
| 10&nbsp;MB
| With fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384&nbsp;KB in June 1984
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-568}}
▲| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|04|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 376 ⟶ 377:
| 640&nbsp;KB
| 360&nbsp;KB
| {{CNone|none}}
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />|<ref name=givesup>{{cite journal | date=April 13, 1987 | url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/ibm_gives_up_on_the_personal_xt_at370 | title=IBM Gives Up on the Personal XT/, AT/370 | journal=Computer Business Review | publisher=New Statesman Media Group | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230920021426/https://techmonitor.ai/technology/ibm_gives_up_on_the_personal_xt_at370 | archivedate=September 20, 2023}}</ref>}}
| <ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}<ref name=ibm3270announcement />
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-588}}
▲| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|04|02|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 393 ⟶ 394:
| 360&nbsp;KB
| 10&nbsp;MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />|<ref name=givesup />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-589}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|19841987|0604|1902|format=my}}
| style="background-color:#FCC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>8-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 409 ⟶ 410:
| 360&nbsp;KB
| 10&nbsp;MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=givesup />}}
|-
| [[IBM Personal Computer XT Model 286{{verth|va=middle|Personal Computer XT Model 286]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5162-286}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|09|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|10}}
| {{Unknown}}
| style="background-color:#CFC" | [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]], <br/>16-bit
| 8
| 2
Line 425 ⟶ 426:
| 1.2&nbsp;MB
| 20&nbsp;MB
|  &nbsp;
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|48}}|<ref name=Ristelhueber>{{cite journal | last=Ristelhueber | first=Robert | author2=Ira Sager | date=September 8, 1986 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A4398861/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=4 PC suppliers add 286 units in battle with compatibles | journal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=32 | pages=1 ''et seq'' | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=bridgesetal>{{cite journal | last=Bridges | first=Linda | author2=Laura Brennan | author3=Jim Forbes | author4=Bruce Stephen | date=July 7, 1987 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A5027977/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=PC managers regrouping after XT, AT closeout | journal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=4 | issue=27 | page=4 | via=Gale | quote= IBM's recent announcement that it will formally discontinue its PC XT line and eventually phase out its PC AT came as no surprise to many corporate users. [...] William Lowe, president of IBM's Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton, Fla., told Wall Street analysts on June 30 that the only remaining XT, the XT 286, will be discontinued within three months and that IBM is working with dealers and large accounts to determine how many more ATs it will make to fill orders.}}</ref>}}
| <ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|48}}
|}
 
==Reception==
The XT was well received, although PC DOS 2.0 was regarded as a greater improvement than any of the hardware changes, and by the end of 1983 IBM was selling every unit they made.<ref>{{cite news|last=Archer |first=Rowland Jr.|date=November 1983|title=The IBM PC XT and DOS 2.00|pages=294–304|work=BYTE|url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-11/1983_11_BYTE_08-11_Inside_the_IBM_PC#page/n301/mode/2up|access-date=May 14, 2021}}</ref> By 1985 the [[IBM PC AT]] made the XT obsolete for most customers.<ref name="pournelle198501">{{Cite magazine |last=Pournelle |first=Jerry |date=January 1985 |title=The Fast Lane |url=https://archive.org/details/BYTE_Vol_10-01_1985-01_Through_The_Hourglass/page/363/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=2024-10-04 |magazine=BYTE |page=363}}</ref>
 
==Clones and competition==
The [[Compaq Portable]] also came out in March 1983,<ref>{{cite web|title=Compaq I Portable computer|url=http://www.oldcomputers.net/compaqi.html|website=www.oldcomputers.net|accessdate=May 14, 2021}}</ref> and would prove a popular competitor. Sometimes called the "first PC clone"<ref>{{cite web|title=First PC Clone Claim|url=http://blog.modernmechanix.com/byte-reviews-the-compaq-first-pc-clone/|website=www.modernmechanix.com|accessdate=May 14, 2021}}</ref> and first "legal clone",<ref>{{cite web|title=Compaq puts out First Legal Clone Claim|url=https://dfarq.homeip.net/first-compaq-computer/|website=d|date=December 22, 2016|accessdate=May 14, 2021}}</ref> that distinction may go to another offering: [[Columbia Data Products]]' MPC 1600 "Multi Personal Computer", in June 1982.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techspot.com/article/893-history-of-the-personal-computer-part-3/|title = History of the Microprocessor and the Personal Computer, Part 3| date=May 8, 2020 }}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=14Kfbrc6cbAC&pg=PA451 Aboard the Columbia], By Bill Machrone, Page 451, June 1983, PC Mag</ref> Other "clones" included the [[Seequa Chameleon]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=sy8EAAAAMBAJ&dq=Seequa+Chameleon&pg=PA132 Hardware:Review:Seequa Chameleon], By Russ Adams, Page 132, November 28, 1983, InfoWorld</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ATAEAAAAMBAJ&dq=Seequa+Chameleon&pg=PA5 The Chameleon mystery], By David Needle, Page 5, January 31, 1983, InfoWorld</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fi4EAAAAMBAJ&dq=Seequa+Chameleon&pg=PA66 Review Responses: Seequa], By John Schaefer, Page 66, January 30, 1984, InfoWorld</ref> the [[Hyperion (computer)|Hyperion]],<ref> David Thomas, ''Knights of the New Technology: The Inside Story of Canada's Computer Elite'', Key Porter Books, 1983 {{ISBN|0-919493-16-5}} pp. 172-179</ref> [[Eagle Computer]]'s Eagle 1600 that September<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Pournelle |first=Jerry |author-link=Jerry Pournelle |date=September 1983 |title=Eagles, Text Editors, New Compilers, and Much More |url=https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-09/page/n321 |magazine=BYTE |page=307 |access-date=May 14, 2021}}</ref> and the [[Corona Data Systems|Corona]] PC.<ref>{{Citation | title = Corona advertisement | newspaper = InfoWorld | pages = 50 | date = July 18, 1983 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=xi8EAAAAMBAJ&q=%22corona%20data%20systems%22%20infoworld%201983&pg=PA50 | access-date=May 14, 2021 }}</ref> The latter two companies were sued by IBM and settled out of court, agreeing to re-implement their BIOS in a way that did not violate IBM's copyrights.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/09/business/eagle-s-battle-for-survival.html EAGLE'S BATTLE FOR SURVIVAL]</ref> AT&T, who owned a 25% share of [[Olivetti S.p.A.|Olivetti]], released the [[Olivetti M24|AT&T PC 6300]] in June 1984, which was a re-branded version of the Olivetti M24. The PC 6300 offered the 16-bit 8086 clocked at a faster 8 MHz speed that was technically superior to IBM's PC XT.
 
==Timeline==
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==See also==
* [[Amiga Sidecar]]
* [[PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes#Personal Computer XT/370]]
 
==References==
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;Notes
{{refbegin}}
* IBM (1983). ''Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library: Guide to Operations, Personal Computer XT''. IBM Part Number 6936831.
{{refend}}
 
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{{IBM personal computers}}
 
[[Category:X86 IBM personal computers|Personal Computer XT]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1983]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT"