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{{Infobox information appliance
| name = IBM Personal Computer XT
| title =
| aka = IBM XT, PC/XT, XT
| logo = IBM Personal Computer XT badge recreation.svg
| logo_upright = 0.5
| image =
| caption =
| developer =
| manufacturer = [[IBM]]
| family =
| type = [[Personal computer]]
| generation =
| releasedate = {{Start date and age|1983|03|08}}
| lifespan =
| price =
| discontinued = {{End date|1987|04}}
| unitssold =
| unitsshipped =
| media =
| os = [[IBM BASIC]] / [[PC DOS]] 2.0-3.20 / [[PC/IX]] / [[Santa Cruz Operation|SCO]] [[Xenix]]
| power = 120/240 VAC
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| memory = 128 KB – 640 KB
| storage = 10–20 MB hard drive
| memory card =
| display =
| graphics = [[IBM Monochrome Display Adapter|MDA]], [[Color Graphics Adapter|CGA]]
| sound = [[PC speaker]] 1-channel square-wave/1-bit digital ([[Pulse-width modulation|PWM]]-capable)
| input =
| controllers =
| camera =
| touchpad =
| connectivity =
| platform =
| service =
| dimensions = W: {{cvt|19.5|in|cm}}<br />H: {{cvt|5.5|in|cm}}<br />D: {{cvt|16|in|cm}}
| weight = {{cvt|32|lb}}
| topgame =
| compatibility =
| predecessor = [[IBM Personal Computer]]
| successor = {{ubl|[[IBM Personal Computer AT]] (next model)|[[IBM PS/2 Model 30]] (direct replacement)}}
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== Features ==
The XT was regarded as an incremental improvement over the PC and a disappointment compared to the next-generation successor that some had anticipated. Compared to the original IBM PC, the XT has the following major differences:<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-05|magazine=Byte |volume=8 |number=5 |page=520 |title=IBM Unveils Top-of-the-Line Personal Computer |date=May 1983}}</ref>
* The number of expansion slots was increased from five to eight
* Base RAM was increased to at least 128 KB
* 2x32KB ROM ICs replace the previous 5x8KB ROM ICs
* A 10 MB hard drive was included
* [[IBM PC DOS#PC DOS 2.x|PC DOS 2.0]] was included
* The [[DIN connector#Analog audio|5-pin DIN]] for the cassette interface was removed
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=== Expansion slots ===
The number of expansion slots in the original IBM PC was a limiting factor for the product, since essential components (such as the video controller, disk controller and printer interface) each came as separate expansion cards and could quickly fill up all five available slots, requiring the user to swap cards in and out as tasks demanded.<ref name="dievendorff19811007">{{cite book|author=Dievendorff, Dick|url=http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/ibm/pc/pc/|title=IBM Personal Computer Questions and Answers|publisher=IBM|year=1981|pages=9–10}}</ref> Some PC clones addressed this problem by integrating components into the motherboard to free up slots,<ref name="freeze19851216">{{cite news|author=Freeze, Ken|date=December 16, 1985|title=Leading Edge: Superior Value In IBM-PC Clone Market Contest|pages=43|work=InfoWorld|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cC8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA43|access-date=July 22, 2014}}</ref> while peripheral manufacturers produced products which integrated multiple functions into one card.<ref>{{Cite book
The XT addressed the problem by adding three extra expansion slots for a total of eight. While the slots themselves are identical to those in the original PC, the amount of physical space in the chassis differs, so two of the new slots (located behind the hard drive) cannot accept full-length cards. In addition, the spacing of the slots is narrower than in the original PC, making it impossible to install some multi-board cards.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
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In 1986, the 256–640 KB motherboard models were launched, which switched to half-height drives.
Submodels 268, 278 and 089 came with 101-key [[IBM PC keyboard|keyboards]] (essentially the IBM Model M, but in a modified variant that used the XT's keyboard protocol and lacked LEDs).
Submodels 267, 277 and 088 had the original keyboard, but 3.5" floppy drives became available and 20MB Seagate ST-225 hard disks in 5.25" half-height size replaced the full-height 10 MB drives.
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=== XT 286 {{anchor|IBM XT 286}} ===
{{
In 1986, the '''XT 286''' (model 5162) was released with a 6 MHz [[Intel 80286]] processor. Despite being marketed as a lower-tier model than the [[IBM Personal Computer/AT|IBM AT]], this system runs many applications faster than the ATs of the time with 6 MHz 286 processors, since it has zero-[[wait state]] RAM.<ref name="Mueller92" />{{rp|95}}
It shipped with 640 KB RAM standard, an AT-style 1.2 MB high-density diskette drive and a 20 MB hard disk.<ref name="sim81">Personal Computer Family Service Information Manual (January 1989), IBM document SA38-0037-00, pages 8-1 to 8-2</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NZrPkWywRXgC&pg=PA155 "The AT Clone from IBM"], ''PC Magazine'', January 13, 1987</ref> Despite these features, reviews rated it as a poor market value.<ref name="Inc.1987">{{cite book
The XT 286 uses a 157-watt power supply, which can internally switch between 115 or 230 V AC operation.<ref name="sim81" />
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===Comparison table===
{{See also|List of IBM Personal Computer models}}
{{table alignment}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header sort-under" ▼
{{sort-under}}
|- ▼
|+ IBM Personal Computer XT models
! {{verth|va=middle|Type}}
! {{verth|va=middle|IBM {{abbr|P/N|part number}}}}
! Date announced
! Date withdrawn
! Bus
! {{verth|va=middle|{{abbr|No.|Number}} of
! {{verth|va=middle|{{abbr|No.|Number}} of
! Processor
! {{verth|va=middle|Clock
! {{verth|va=middle|Stock onboard RAM<br />{{small|(KB)}}}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Maximum onboard RAM<br />{{small|(KB)}}}}
! {{abbr|FDD|Floppy disk drive}}
! {{abbr|HDD|Hard disk drive}}
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! Ref(s).
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-087}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|03|08|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|06|19|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 360 KB
| 10 MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40>{{cite book | date=April 6, 1987 | url=https://bitsavers.org/pdf/ibm/pc/PS2_and_IBM_PC_Product_Reference_Version_4.0_Apr87.pdf#page=244 | title=IBM Personal System/2 and IBM Personal Computer Product Reference | edition=4.0 | publisher=International Business Machines Corporation | via=[[Bitsavers]]}}</ref>{{rp|236}}|<ref name=firstshoe>{{cite journal | last=Sandler | first=Corey | date=April 1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wCiNAUEuAMC&pg=RA2-PA90 | title=IBM Drops the First Shoe | journal=PC Magazine | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=1 | issue=12 | pages=90–102 | via=Google Books}}</ref>|<ref name=mueller4ed>{{cite book | last=Mueller | first=Scott | date=1994 | url=https://archive.org/details/upgradingrepairi00muel_7/page/1208/ | title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs | publisher=Que | edition=4th | isbn=9781565299320 | via=the Internet Archive}}</ref>{{rp|1068}}}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-086}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|06|19|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 360 KB
| 10 MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmslashes>{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=June 11, 1984 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A554458/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IBM Slashes PC Prices, Adds Memory; Drops 64KB | journal=Electronic News | publisher= Sage Publications | volume=30 | issue=1501 | page=24 | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic>{{cite journal | last=Sanger | first=David E. | date=June 24, 1987 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/426534977/ | title=I.B.M. Optimistic on Newest PC's | journal=The New York Times | page=D4 |
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-068}}
| {{date table sorting|1985|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=mueller4ed />{{rp|1068}}|<ref name=sager>{{cite journal | last=Sager | first=Ira | date=April 8, 1985 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A3723060/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=IBM moves to reduce PC XT inventories | journal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=31 | pages=24 ''et seq'' | via=Gale | quote=The new floppy disk-based versions of the PC XT basically just strips the 10MB hard disk from the earlier unit. The machines come with base memory of 256KB and are available in either single or dual 360 KB diskette versions. A single diskette unit with keyboard and 256 KB of main memory is priced at $2,270, while the dual diskette version is priced at $2,570. A fully configured PC XT with 256 KB of RAM, a 360 KB diskette, keyboard, monochrome monitor and adapter, and operating system comes in at about $2,860.}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-078}}
| {{date table sorting|1985|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 256 KB
| 640 KB
| two
| {{CNone|none}}
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=mueller4ed />{{rp|1068}}|<ref name=sager />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-088}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 20 MB
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz>{{cite journal | last=Whitmore | first=Sam | date=April 8, 1986 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A666904/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=Product blitz may signal more aggressive IBM: firm ups ante for the makers of compatibles | journal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=3 | issue=14 | page=1 | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-089}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 20 MB
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-267}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />|<ref name=optimistic />|<ref name=bridgesetal />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-268}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-277}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
Line 279 ⟶ 280:
| 256 KB
| 640 KB
| two
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with original IBM PC "Model F" keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-278}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|04|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|06|30|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 256 KB
| 640 KB
| two
| {{CNone|none}}
| Shipped with Enhanced Keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibmblitz />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-000}}
| {{unknown}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without printer adapter, fixed disk adapter, and keyboard
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref>{{cite journal | date=January 1984 | url=http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/datapro/programmable_terminals/Datapro_C21_IBM.pdf#page=62 | title=IBM 3770 Family Batch Communications Terminals | journal=Distributed Processing & Intelligent
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-002}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without printer adapter and fixed disk adapter
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement>{{cite journal | last=Henkel | first=T. | date=October 24, 1983 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFqbDqPhSMcC&pg=PA1 | title=IBM Takes Wraps off Two Micros Capable of Accessing Mainframes | journal=Computerworld | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=17 | issue=43 | pages=1, 10 | via=Google Books}}</ref>{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-004}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
| Without fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM 3270 PC|3270 PC]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5271-006}}
| {{date table sorting|1983|10|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|07|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 10 MB
| With fixed disk adapter; stock onboard RAM increased to 384 KB in June 1984
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|49}}|<ref name=ibmslashes />|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />{{rp|10}}|<ref name=libes />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-568}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|04|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 640 KB
| 360 KB
| {{CNone|none}}
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />|<ref name=givesup>{{cite journal | date=April 13, 1987 | url=https://techmonitor.ai/technology/ibm_gives_up_on_the_personal_xt_at370 | title=IBM Gives Up on the Personal XT/, AT/370 | journal=Computer Business Review | publisher=New Statesman Media Group | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20230920021426/https://techmonitor.ai/technology/ibm_gives_up_on_the_personal_xt_at370 | archivedate=September 20, 2023}}</ref>}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-588}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|04|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 360 KB
| 10 MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=ibm3270announcement />|<ref name=givesup />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|[[IBM Personal Computer XT/370|XT/370]]}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5160-589}}
| {{date table sorting|1984|10|25|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|04|02|format=my}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 360 KB
| 10 MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|236}}|<ref name=givesup />}}
|-
| {{verth|va=middle|XT Model 286}}
| {{verth|va=middle|5162-286}}
| {{date table sorting|1986|09|02|format=my}}
| {{date table sorting|1987|10}}
| [[Industry Standard Architecture|ISA]],
| 8
| 2
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| 1.2 MB
| 20 MB
|
| {{grid list|columns=2|<ref name=ibmref40 />{{rp|48}}|<ref name=Ristelhueber>{{cite journal | last=Ristelhueber | first=Robert | author2=Ira Sager | date=September 8, 1986 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A4398861/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=4 PC suppliers add 286 units in battle with compatibles | journal=Electronic News | publisher=Sage Publications | volume=32 | pages=1 ''et seq'' | via=Gale}}</ref>|<ref name=bridgesetal>{{cite journal | last=Bridges | first=Linda | author2=Laura Brennan | author3=Jim Forbes | author4=Bruce Stephen | date=July 7, 1987 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A5027977/GPS?sid=wikipedia | title=PC managers regrouping after XT, AT closeout | journal=PC Week | publisher=Ziff-Davis | volume=4 | issue=27 | page=4 | via=Gale | quote= IBM's recent announcement that it will formally discontinue its PC XT line and eventually phase out its PC AT came as no surprise to many corporate users. [...] William Lowe, president of IBM's Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton, Fla., told Wall Street analysts on June 30 that the only remaining XT, the XT 286, will be discontinued within three months and that IBM is working with dealers and large accounts to determine how many more ATs it will make to fill orders.}}</ref>}}
|}
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==See also==
* [[Amiga Sidecar]]
* [[PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes#Personal Computer XT/370]]
==References==
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;Notes
{{refbegin}}
* IBM (1983). ''Personal Computer Hardware Reference Library: Guide to Operations, Personal Computer XT''. IBM Part Number 6936831.
{{refend}}
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{{IBM personal computers}}
[[Category:X86 IBM personal computers|Personal Computer XT]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1983]]
| |||