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'''Go-go''' is a [[music subgenre|subgenre]] of [[funk music]] with an emphasis on specific rhythmic patterns, and live audience [[Call and response (music)|call and response]].
Go-go was originated by [[African-American]] musicians in [[Washington, D.C.]], during the mid-1960s to late-1970s. Go-go has limited popularity in other areas, but maintains a devoted audience in the [[Washington metropolitan area]] as a uniquely regional music style and was named the official music of Washington, D.C., in February 2020.
Performers associated with the development of the style include [[Rare Essence]], [[Experience Unlimited|EU]], [[Trouble Funk]], and singer-guitarist [[Chuck Brown]].<ref>"'Godfather of Go-Go,' Chuck Brown Dies". The Washington Informer. May 16, 2012. Archived from the original on May 20, 2012.</ref>
Modern artists like Charles "Shorty Corleone" Garris continue the go-go tradition in D.C.
==Description==
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Although Chuck Brown is known as "[[Honorific nicknames in popular music|the Godfather of Go-Go]]", go-go is a musical movement that cannot be traced back to one single person, as there were so many bands that flourished during the beginning of this era that they collectively created the sound that is recognized as go-go of today. Artists such as [[Marvin Gaye]], [[Van McCoy]], Billy Stewart, [[Peaches & Herb]], [[Black Heat]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/black-heat-mn0000092301|title=Black Heat | Biography, Albums, Streaming Links|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-date=May 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505090608/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/black-heat-mn0000092301|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Experience Unlimited]] (E.U.), [[Vernon Burch]], [[Joe Quarterman|Sir Joe Quarterman & the Free Soul]], the Moments, [[Ray, Goodman & Brown]], True Reflection, [[the Unifics]], Terry Huff & Special Delivery,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-huff-mn0000028733|title=Terry Huff | Biography & History|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=February 25, 2021|archive-date=May 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504171418/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/terry-huff-mn0000028733|url-status=live}}</ref> Act 1, [[the Dynamic Superiors]], Skip Mahoney & the Casuals, [[the Choice Four]], and [[The Fuzz (band)|the Fuzz]] that played soul music during pre-go-go era.<ref name="beat2" />
The term "gogo" (as it applies to a music venue) originated in France in the early 1960s, at the Whiskyagogo nightclub, named after the French title for the British comedy "Whisky Galore!".<ref name="auto">{{Cite book
In Washington D.C., minor group [[the Young Senators]] were formed in 1965, beginning a fierce competition with Chuck Brown and Black Heat on the local club circuit. The Young Senators later became known for their song "Jungle" released in 1970 by Innovation Records.<ref>[https://eccentricsoul45s.bandcamp.com/album/young-senators-jungle-b-w-that-s-the-way-it-is Young Senators Jungle] Retrieved=28 March 2023</ref><ref name="beat2">{{cite book
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===2020s===
In February 2020, go-go was named the "official music" of Washington, D.C., in a unanimous vote by the [[D.C. Council]] following the #DontMuteDC movement.<ref name="Lang">{{cite news |last1=Lang |first1=Marissa J. |title=Go-go is signed into law as the official music of D.C. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/its-official-go-go-music-signed-into-law-as-the-designated-music-of-dc/2020/02/19/42a4ef62-52a1-11ea-b119-4faabac6674f_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=February 20, 2020 |language=en |archive-date=February 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220002940/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dc-politics/its-official-go-go-music-signed-into-law-as-the-designated-music-of-dc/2020/02/19/42a4ef62-52a1-11ea-b119-4faabac6674f_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=April 10, 2020|title=One year later, #DontMuteDC advocates for financial support of go-go music|url=https://wtop.com/dc/2020/04/one-year-later-dontmutedc-advocates-for-financial-support-of-go-go-music/|access-date=November 30, 2020|website=WTOP|language=en|archive-date=August 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814003553/https://wtop.com/dc/2020/04/one-year-later-dontmutedc-advocates-for-financial-support-of-go-go-music/|url-status=live}}</ref> Go-go historians and local activists have advocated for city investment in go-go tourism as a result of financial challenges due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Washington, D.C.|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":0" /> "In Washington, D.C., the Black Lives Matter protests over the summer of 2020 often included go-go bands performing on truck beds to thousands of onlookers as a highly visible and aural political symbol that could only happen in the capital of the United States."<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://scholarworks.iu.edu/journals/index.php/jfrr/article/view/35342|title=Kip Lornell - Review of Ross Cole, The Folk: Music, Modernism, and the Political Imagination|first=Kip|last=Lornell|date=September 25, 2022|journal=Journal of Folklore Research Reviews|accessdate=March 11, 2023|via=scholarworks.iu.edu}}</ref> On August 22, 2021, it was announced that the DC Public Library's Go-Go Archive had acquired the photography catalog of 1,956 photographic images shot by photographer Chip Py who spent ten years photographing the DC Go-Go scene and was one of Chuck Brown's photographers for the archival and documented history of go-go. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dcist.com/story/21/08/17/dcpl-go-go-photo-collection-chuck-brown-band-rare-essence/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817190648/https://dcist.com/story/21/08/17/dcpl-go-go-photo-collection-chuck-brown-band-rare-essence/|url-status=live|archive-date=August 17, 2021|title=A New Photo Collection Adds Nearly 2,000 Images To The D.C. Public Library's Go-Go Archive|accessdate=March 11, 2023}}</ref> On February 14, 2022, the book ''DC Go-Go: Ten Years Backstage'' by photographer Chip Py was published by The History Press. The 208-page book features 251 of Py's photographs of all the bands, legends and fans shot at the go-go as well as nine chapters about the origins, the culture, the legends, the bands, the culture, #dontmutedc and how Go-Go became the official music of Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Products/9781467150538|title=DC Go-Go: Ten Years Backstage by Chip Py, Foreword by Greg Boyer | The History Press Books|accessdate=March 11, 2023}}</ref> In 2024 the [[Go-Go Museum|Go-Go Museum and Cafe]] was opened, in [[Anacostia]], Washington, D.C.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2024/11/18/go-go-museum-anacostia-opening/</ref> Modern artists like Charles "Shorty Corleone" Garris continue the go-go tradition in D.C.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wartofsky |first=Alona |date=2021-01-14 |title=Crank Radio Will Give Go-Go a National Platform |url=http://washingtoncitypaper.com/article/506004/crank-radio-will-give-go-go-a-national-platform/ |access-date=2023-01-23 |website=Washington City Paper |language=en-US}}</ref>
Gogo’s sound has also continued to advance with bands and artists fusing the sound into their own styles. Tone P, Drew Keys, Eddie Beat, Chop on da Beat, and Carter Beat are a few that have all made their own versions of an electronic style of gogo similar to what Wale used in his career. There has also been an emergence of rock fused gogo played by bands such as Black Alley, Tone P’s Band Tha Carry Out, Breezy Supreme, and HUE.
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