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{{short description|none}}
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of [[relational database management system]]s. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.
==General information==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!
! Maintainer
! First public release date
! Latest stable version
! Latest release date
! License
! Public issues list
|-
! [[4th Dimension (Software)|4D (4th Dimension)]]
| 4D S.A.S.
| 1984
|
| 2017-01-10<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.4d.com/products/lifecycle.html|title = Product Release Life Cycle|date = 10 January 2020}}</ref>
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[ADABAS]]
| [[Software AG]]
| 1970
| 8.1
|2013-06
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| 1987
| 16.0 SP03 PL07
|2019-06-10
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Advantage Database Server (ADS)]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| 1992
| 12.0
| 2015
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Altibase]]
| Altibase Corp.
| 2000
| 7.1.0.1.2
| 2018-03-02
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Apache Derby]]
| [[Apache Software Foundation|Apache]]
| 2004
| 10.17.1.0<ref>{{cite web
| title = Apache Derby: Downloads
| url = http://db.apache.org/derby/derby_downloads.html
| access-date = 2024-03-18
}}</ref>
| 2023-11-14
| {{free|[[Apache license|Apache License]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issues.apache.org/jira/projects/DERBY|title=- ASF JIRA|website=issues.apache.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[Clustrix]]DB
| [[MariaDB|MariaDB Corporation]]
| 2010
| v7.0
| 2015-08-19
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[CockroachDB]]
| Cockroach Labs
| 2015
| v24.1.0
| 2024-05-20
| {{free|BSL,CCL,MIT,BSD}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues |title=cockroachdb Issue tracker |website=[[GitHub]] |access-date=2021-05-03 |archive-date=2021-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506023814/https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[CUBRID]]
| CUBRID
| 2008-11
| 11.2.3
| 2023-01-31
| {{free|[[Apache license|Apache License]] 2.0, BSD license for APIs and GUI tools}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jira.cubrid.org/browse/TOOLS-4308?jql=|title=Issue Navigator - CUBRID Bug Tracking System|website=jira.cubrid.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[CA Datacom|Datacom]]
| [[CA, Inc.]]
| Early 70s<ref>{{cite journal
| last = Stevens
| first = O.
| title = The History of Datacom/DB
| journal = Annals of the History of Computing
| volume = 31
| issue = 4
| pages = 87–91
| publisher = IEEE
| date = Oct–Dec 2009
| doi = 10.1109/MAHC.2009.108
| s2cid = 16803811
| issn = 1058-6180
}}</ref>
| 14<ref>{{cite web
| title = CA Datacom - CA Technologies
| url = http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx
| access-date = 2014-07-06
| archive-date = 2016-02-14
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160214142439/http://www.ca.com/us/opscenter/ca-datacom.aspx
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| 2012<ref>{{cite web
| title = Datacom Product Sheet
| url = http://www.ca.com/us/~/media/Files/ProductBriefs/cs2277-ca-datacom-v14-ps.pdf
}}</ref>
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[IBM Db2]]
| [[IBM]]
| 1983
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q431195|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q431195|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q431195|P348|P577}}}}
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| Empress Software Inc
| 1979
|
| 2010-03
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[EXASolution|Exasol]]
| [[
| 2004
| 7.
| 2021-09-15; {{Time ago|2021-09-15}}
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[FileMaker]]
| FileMaker, Inc., an Apple subsidiary
|
|
| 2020-05-20
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| Firebird project
| 2000-07-25
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q261744|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q261744|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q261744|P348|P577}}}}
| {{free|IPL<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=ipl
| title = IPL
| publisher = Firebird SQL
}}</ref> and IDPL<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=doc&id=idpl
| title = IDPL
| publisher = Firebird SQL
}}</ref>}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ |title=Firebird RDBMS Issue Tracker |access-date=2017-11-01 |archive-date=2008-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828140502/http://tracker.firebirdsql.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[GPUdb]]
| [[GIS Federal]]
| 2014
| 3.2.5
| 2015-01-14
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[HSQLDB]]
| HSQL Development Group
| 2001
| 2.6.1
| 2021-10-21
| {{free|[[BSD license|BSD]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sourceforge.net/p/hsqldb/bugs/|title=HyperSQL Database Engine (HSQLDB) / Bugs|website=sourceforge.net}}</ref>
|-
! [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| H2 Software
| 2005
| 2.3.232
| 2024-08-12
| {{free|[[Eclipse Public License|EPL]] and modified [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/h2database/h2database/issues|title=Issues · h2database/h2database|website=GitHub}}</ref>
|-
! [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| [[IBM]] / [[HCLTech|HCL Technologies]]
| <span style="display:none">1981????</span>1980
| 15.0.0.1
| 2025-03-15
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| [[Actian(HCLSoftware)]]
| 1974
| 12.0.0<ref>{{cite web
| title = Actian X & Ingres - Lifecycle Dates
| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres
}}</ref>
| 2024-05-06
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[InterBase]]
| [[Embarcadero Technologies]]
| 1984
| XE7 v12.0.4.357
| 2015-08-12
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| RELEX Group
| 1990
| 6.0.17.53
| 2018-02-15
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ |title=Linter Techsupport |access-date=2019-04-04 |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327183921/https://www.linter.ru/ru/support/technical-support/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[LucidDB]]
| The Eigenbase Project
| 2007-01
| 0.9.4
| 2012-01-05
| {{free|[[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v2}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[MariaDB]]
| [[MariaDB|MariaDB Community]]
| 2010-02-01
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q787177|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q787177|P348|P577|P548=Q2804309}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q787177|P348|P577|P548=Q2804309}}}}
| {{free|[[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v2, [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]] (for client-libraries)<ref name="MariaDB licenses">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-license/
| title = MariaDB licenses
}}</ref>}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/projects/MDEV/issues|title=- Jira|website=jira.mariadb.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[MaxDB]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| 2003-05
| 7.9.0.8
| 2014
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maxdb.sap.com/webpts/|title=MaxDB PTS - Problem Tracking|website=maxdb.sap.com}}</ref>
|-
![[SingleStore|SingleStore (formerly MemSQL)]]
|[[SingleStore]]
| 2012-06
| 7.1.11
| 2020-10-12
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| [[Microsoft]]
| 1992
|
| 2015-09-22
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| [[
|
| 9 (2005)
| 2007-10-11
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| 1989
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q215819|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q215819|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q215819|P348|P577}}}}
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| [[Microsoft]]
| 2000
| 2011 (v4.0)
|
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Mimer SQL]]
| Mimer Information Technology
| 1978
| 11.0.9D
| 2025-07-16
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[MonetDB]]
| MonetDB Foundation <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/monetdb-foundation//|title = MonetDB Foundation| date=4 April 2023 }}</ref>
| 2004
| Mar2025 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monetdb.org/release-notes/|title = MonetDB Latest Release| date=27 March 2025 }}</ref>
| 2025-03-27
| {{free|Mozilla Public License, version 2.0<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/privacy-and-legals/
| publisher = MonetDB Foundation
| title = MonetDB License MPL2.0
| date = 8 February 2022
}}</ref>}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues |title=MonetDB Issues |website=[[GitHub]] |access-date=2025-05-01 }}</ref>
|-
! [[mSQL]]
| Hughes Technologies
| 1994
| 4.1<ref>{{Citation
|url = http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/
|publisher = Hughes
|___location = AU
|series = Products
|title = mSQL
|access-date = 2009-09-13
|archive-date = 2009-10-15
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091015100648/http://www.hughes.com.au/products/msql/
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| 2017-06-30
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[MySQL]]
| [[Oracle Corporation]]
| 1995-11
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q850|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q850|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q850|P548=Q2804309|P348|P577}}}}
| {{partial|[[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v2 or [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bugs.mysql.com/|title=MySQL Bugs|website=bugs.mysql.com}}</ref>
|-
! [[NexusDB]]
| NexusDB Pty Ltd
| 2003
| 4.00.14
| 2015-06-25
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[NonStop SQL|HPE NonStop SQL]]
| [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise]]
| 1987
| SQL/MX 3.4
|
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[NuoDB]]
| [[NuoDB]]
| 2013
| 4.1
| 2020-08
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Omnis|Omnis Studio]]
| TigerLogic Inc
| 1982-07
| 6.1.3 Release 1no
| 2015-12
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[OpenEdge Database|OpenEdge]]
| [[Progress Software Corporation]]
| 1984
| 12.8
| 2024-1
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| OpenLink Software
| 1998
| 7.2.5.1
| 2018-08-15
| {{partial|[[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v2 or [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues |title=Issues · openlink/virtuoso-opensource · GitHub |website=[[GitHub]] |access-date=2017-11-01 |archive-date=2020-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223232822/https://github.com/openlink/virtuoso-opensource/issues |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
! [[Oracle Database|Oracle DB]]
| [[Oracle Corporation]]
| 1979-11
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q185524|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q185524|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q185524|P348|P577}}}}
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Oracle Rdb]]
| [[Oracle Corporation]]
| 1984
| {{Oracle Rdb version}}
| {{Oracle Rdb version|releasedate}}
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Paradox (database)|Paradox]]
| Corel Corporation
| 1985
| 11
| 2009-09-07
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Percona Server]] for MySQL
| [[Percona]]
| 2006
| {{Percona Server for MySQL version}}
| {{Percona Server for MySQL version|releasedate}}
| {{free|[[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v2}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| [[Actian]]
| 1982
| v16
| 2024-06-30
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| [[ENEA AB]]
| 1993
| 9.0
| 2015-06-24
| {{Proprietary}}, with Polyhedra Lite available as [[Freeware]]<ref name = "poly_lite">{{Citation
| url = http://eecatalog.com/embeddedlinux/2012/10/11/polyhedra-lite-in-memory-relational-database-system-freeware-available-now-from-enea/
| series = Press Release
| publisher = EECatalog
| title = Polyhedra Lite In-Memory Relational Database System Freeware Available Now from Enea
}}.</ref>
| {{No}}
|-
!
| PostgreSQL Global Development Group
|
|
| 2025-02-21<ref>{{Cite web
|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-174-168-1512-1417-and-1320-released-3018/
|title=PostgreSQL 17.4, 16.8, 15.12, 14.17, and 13.20 Released!
|publisher=The PostgreSQL Global Development Group
|date=2025-02-20
|website=PostgreSQL
|access-date=2025-02-21}}</ref>
| {{free|[[Postgres License]]}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/licence/|title=PostgreSQL: License|website=www.postgresql.org}}</ref>
| {{No}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/660468/|title=A bug tracker for PostgreSQL? [LWN.net]|website=lwn.net}}</ref>
|-
! [[R:Base]]
| R:BASE Technologies
| 1982
|
| 2016-05-26
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[SAP HANA]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| 2010
| 2.0 SPS04
| 2019-08-08
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[solidDB]]
| [[UNICOM Global]]
| 1992
| 7.0.0.10
| 2014-04-29
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[SQL Anywhere]]
| [[SAP AG]]
| 1992
| 17.0.0.48
| 2019-07-26
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[SQLBase]]
| Unify Corp.
| 1982
| 11.5
| 2008-11
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[SQLite]]
| [[D. Richard Hipp]]
| 2000-09-12
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q319417|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q319417|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q319417|P348|P577}}}}
| {{free|[[Public ___domain]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/src/reportlist|title=SQLite: Ticket Main Menu|website=www.sqlite.org}}</ref>
|-
! [[SQream DB]]
| SQream Technologies
| 2014
| 2.1<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html
| publisher = SQream Technologies
| title = SQream DB Version 2.1 SQL Reference Guide
| access-date = 2018-02-12
| archive-date = 2018-02-12
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201639/http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| 2018-01-15
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Superbase database|Superbase]]
| [[Superbase database|Superbase]]
| 1984
| Classic
| 2003
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Superbase database|Superbase NG]]
| [[Superbase database|Superbase NG]]
| 2002
| Superbase NG 2.10
| 2017
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.superbase.com/bug-reports/|title = Bug Reports}}</ref>
|-
! [[Teradata]]
| [[Teradata]]
| 1984
| 15
| 2014-04
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[TiDB]]
| PingCAP Inc.
| 2016
| {{wikidata|property|reference|edit|Q56375088|P348}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q56375088|P348|P577}}; {{Time ago|{{wikidata|qualifier|raw|Q56375088|P348|P577}}}}
| {{free|[[Apache license|Apache License]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues|title = Issues · pingcap/Tidb|website = [[GitHub]]}}</ref>
|-
! [[UniData]]
| Rocket Software
| 1988
| 8.2.1
| 2017-07
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Actian Vector|Vector]]
| [[Actian(HCLSoftware)]]
| 2010
| 7.0<ref>{{cite web
| title = Vector - Lifecycle Dates
| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres
}}</ref>
| 2024-12-17
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[YugabyteDB]]
| Yugabyte, Inc.
| 2018
| {{YugabyteDB version}}
| {{YugabyteDB version|releasedate}}
| {{free|[[Apache license|Apache License]]}}
| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/YugaByte/yugabyte-db/issues|title=Issues · yugabyte/Yugabyte-db|website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref>
|-
! [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| [[Actian]]
| 1982
| v16
| 2024-06-30
| {{Proprietary}}
| {{No}}
|-
!
! Maintainer
! First public release date
! Latest stable version
! Latest release date
! License
! Public issues list
|}
==Operating system support==
The [[operating system]]s that the RDBMSes can run on
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!
! [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! [[macOS]]
! [[Linux]]
! [[BSD]]
! [[UNIX]]
! [[AmigaOS]]
! [[z/OS]]
! [[OpenVMS]]
! [[iOS]]
! [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|-
! [[4th Dimension (Software)|4th Dimension]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[ADABAS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Advantage Database Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Altibase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Apache Derby]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Clustrix]]DB
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[CockroachDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[CUBRID]]
| {{yes}}
| {{partial}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[FileMaker]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
|-
! [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{partial|Maybe}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firebirdsql.org/en/firebird-3-0/|title = Firebird: The true open source database for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and more}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} ([[AIX (operating system)|AIX]])
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{partial}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/11.0/index.html#page/Ing_Install/Install_Ingres_for_OpenVMS.htm|title=Ingres 11.0 Documentation|website=docs.actian.com}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[InterBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} ([[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]])
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Under [[Linux on IBM Z]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[LucidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew
| work = AskMonty KnowledgeBase
| title = Building MariaDB on Mac OS X using Homebrew
| access-date = September 30, 2011
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111020134104/http://kb.askmonty.org/en/building-mariadb-on-mac-os-x-using-homebrew
| archive-date = October 20, 2011
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<ref>https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.esminis.server.mariadb&hl=de MariaDB Android Version by Tautvydas Andrikys</ref>
|-
! [[MaxDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{partial|Maybe}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2016/03/07/announcing-sql-server-on-linux|title = Announcing SQL Server on Linux|date = 7 March 2016}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://developer.mimer.com/mimer-sql-is-now-available-for-openvms-on-x86/|title=Mimer SQL is now available for OpenVMS on x86|date=31 March 2023 }}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
|-
! [[MonetDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<ref>http://techotv.com/run-apache-mysql-php-http-web-server-android-os-phone-tablet/ Run Apache, Mysql, Php – Web server on Android mobile or Tablet</ref>
|-
! [[Omnis Studio]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[OpenEdge Database|OpenEdge]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (OEM only)
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[Polyhedra DBMS|Polyhedra]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} ([[MorphOS]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin|title=Aminet - dev/Gg/Postgresql632-mos-bin.lha|access-date=2017-03-14|archive-date=2017-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314154720/http://aminet.net/package/dev/gg/postgresql632-mos-bin|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Under [[Linux on IBM Z]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS |title=PostgreSQL - Oss4zos |access-date=2013-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527204912/http://www.oss4zos.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=PostgreSQL#z.2FOS |archive-date=2015-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[R:Base]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[SAP HANA]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| Under [[Linux on IBM Z]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! [[SQLBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[SQLite]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{partial|Maybe}}
| {{no}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[SQream DB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Superbase database|Superbase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Superbase database|Superbase NG]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[TiDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{partial}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[UniData]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! [[YugabyteDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
!
! [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
! [[
! [[Linux]]
! [[BSD]]
! [[
! [[AmigaOS]]
! [[z/OS]]
! [[OpenVMS]]
! [[iOS]]
! [[Android (operating system)|Android]]
|}
==Fundamental features==
Information about what fundamental
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Database Name
! [[ACID]]
! [[Referential integrity]]
! [[Database transaction|Transactions]]
! Fine-grained [[Lock (computer science)|locking]]
! [[Multiversion concurrency control]]
! [[Unicode]]
! Interface
! [[Type inference]]
|-
! [[4th Dimension (Software)|4th Dimension]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[ADABAS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party)
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{Yes}}
| {{yes}}
|[[API]] & [[GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Advantage Database Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#feat 4|4]]</sup>
| [[API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Altibase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Apache Derby]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://db.apache.org/derby/docs/10.14/devguide/cdevconcepts23810.html|title=Lock granularity|website=db.apache.org}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Clustrix]]DB
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[CockroachDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{No}}
|-
! [[CUBRID]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html |title=DB2 for Linux UNIX and Windows 9.7.0>Fundamentos de DB2>Performance tuning>Factors affecting performance>Application design>Concurrency issues>Isolation levels |access-date=2014-04-14 |archive-date=2014-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415071213/http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSEPGG_9.7.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0004121.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|API]] & [[GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.h2database.com/html/advanced.html#mvcc|title = Advanced}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]], REST, MQ, and [[JSON]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]] & [[QUEL query languages|QUEL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[InterBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Except for [[Data Definition Language|DDL]])
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[LucidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}<sup id="feat_2_back">[[#feat 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#feat 2|2]]</sup> except for [[Data Definition Language|DDL]]<ref name="Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL">{{Cite web|url=https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Transactional_DDL_in_PostgreSQL:_A_Competitive_Analysis|title=Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL: A Competitive Analysis - PostgreSQL wiki|website=wiki.postgresql.org}}</ref><ref name="Transactional DDL in MariaDB">{{Cite web|url=https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-4259|title=[MDEV-4259] transactional DDL - Jira|website=jira.mariadb.org}}</ref>
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[MaxDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Microsoft Visual FoxPro]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}} (Row-level locking SMB2)
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj856598.aspx|title=SQL Server Transaction Locking and Row Versioning Guide}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} ([[Optimistic locking]])
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[MonetDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[SQL]] & MAL
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}}<sup id="feat_2_back">[[#feat 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup id="feat_3_back">[[#feat 3|3]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#feat 2|2]]</sup> except for [[Data Definition Language|DDL]]<ref name="Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL"/>
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html |title=MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 8.10.1 Internal Locking Methods |access-date=2018-03-05 |archive-date=2018-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023025/https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/internal-locking.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] <sup>[[#feat 5|5]]</sup> & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[OpenEdge Database|OpenEdge]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup id="feat_6_back">[[#feat 6|6]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} except for [[Data Definition Language|DDL]]<ref name="Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL" />
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_locks_row_level_locking_update.htm|title=dba-oracle.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (optimistic and pessimistic cell-level locking)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://developer.polyhedra.com/history/polyhedra-8-7 | title=Polyhedra 8.7 new headline feature: locking }}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS |title=PostgreSQL: Documentation: Explicit Locking : Row-Level Locks |access-date=2021-05-13 |archive-date=2021-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513151442/https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/explicit-locking.html#LOCKING_ROWS |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{No}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9799.1302719551%40sss.pgh.pa.us|title=Re: BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message|first=Tom|last=Lane|date=April 13, 2011|website=PostgreSQL Mailing List Archives}}</ref>
|-
! [[SAP HANA]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bee03b56c5f1014ab68e3eff32515dd.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/e38b2f6217f24bdb90a3ff8ae57b1dd5/17.0/en-US/3bf0656e6c5f1014bb32fe2f7ce00302.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[HTTP|HTTP(S)]] (REST & SOAP)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/docs/r/98ad9ec940e2465695685d98e308dff5/17.0/en-US/3bd460b56c5f10148922c11d39abc0b3.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}</ref> & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[SQLBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface|GUI]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[SQLite]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (Database-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/lockingv3.html|title=File Locking And Concurrency In SQLite Version 3|website=www.sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{optional}}<ref>[http://www.sqlite.org/faq.html#q18 SQLite Full Unicode support is optional and not installed by default in most systems] (like [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[Debian]]...)</ref>
| [[API]] & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Superbase database|Superbase NG]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}} (Record-level locking)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[GUI]] & [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] & [[ODBC]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Hash and Partition)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[TiDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} except for [[Data Definition Language|DDL]]<ref name="Transactional DDL in PostgreSQL"/>
| {{yes}} (Row-level locking)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable/basic-features/|title=TiDB Features|website=docs.pingcap.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| [[graphical user interface|GUI]] <sup>[[#feat 5|5]]</sup> & [[SQL]]
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[UniData]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| Multiple
| {{Yes}}
|-
! [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| Multiple
| {{Yes}}
|- class="sortbottom"
! Database Name
![[ACID]]
![[Referential integrity]]
![[Database transaction|Transactions]]
!Fine-grained [[Lock (computer science)|locking]]
![[Multiversion concurrency control]]
![[Unicode]]
!Interface
![[Type inference]]
|}
* <cite id="feat_1">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#feat 1|Note (1):]]</cite> Currently only supports read uncommitted transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant.
* <cite id="feat_2">[[#feat 2 back|Note (2):]]</cite> MariaDB and MySQL provide ACID compliance through the default InnoDB storage engine.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-storage-engine.html
| title = MySQL - The InnoDB Storage Engine
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| url = http://wiki.oracle.com/page/InnoDB
| title = InnoDB - Oracle Wiki
}}</ref>
* <cite id="feat_3">[[#feat 3 back|Note (3):]]</cite> "For other than [[InnoDB]] storage engines, MySQL Server parses and ignores the {{mono|FOREIGN KEY}} and {{mono|REFERENCES}} syntax in {{mono|CREATE TABLE}} statements. The {{mono|CHECK}} clause is parsed but ignored by all storage engines."<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-table.html
| title = MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual
}}</ref>
* <cite id="feat_4">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#feat 4|Note (4):]]</cite> Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0.
* <cite id="feat_5">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#feat 5|Note (5):]]</cite> MySQL provides GUI interface through [[MySQL Workbench]].
* <cite id="feat_7">[[#feat 6 back|Note (6):]]</cite> OpenEdge SQL database engine uses Referential Integrity, OpenEdge ABL Database engine does not and is handled via database triggers.
==Limits==
Information about data size limits.
{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:12em" |
! Max DB size
! Max table size
! Max row size
! Max columns per row
! Max Blob/Clob size
! Max CHAR size
! Max NUMBER size
! Min DATE value
! Max DATE value
! Max column name size
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Limited
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| 65,135
| 200 GB (2 [[gibibyte|GiB]] [[Unicode]])
| 200 GB (2 [[gibibyte|GiB]] [[Unicode]])
| 64 bits
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| 16 [[exbibyte|EiB]]
| {{val|65530|u=B|fmt=commas}}
| 65,135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength)
| 4 [[gibibyte|GiB]]
| {{dunno}}
| 64 bits
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 1,012 (5,000 in views)
| 2,147,483,647 chars
| 254 ({{mono|VARCHAR}}: 32,672)
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 64 MB on Appliance, 4 MB on AWS
| {{dunno}}
| 64 MB
| 64 MB
| 64 MB
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 254
|-
! style="text-align:left
| 2 EB
| 2 EB
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 1 GB
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 254
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| {{val|2|u=ZB}}
| {{val|1048319|u=B|fmt=commas}}
| 1,012
| {{val|2|u=GB}}
| {{val|32|u=KiB}}
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| 2<sup>63</sup>−1 bytes
| 2 GB
| 32,767
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 64 bits
| 0000-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 32
|-
! style="text-align:left
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 10,000
| {{N/A}}
| 2 MB
| 128 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 256
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[FileMaker]]
| 8 TB
| 8 TB
| 8 TB
| 256,000,000
| 4 GB
| 10,000,000
| 1 billion characters, {{10^|-400}} to {{10^|400}}, ±
| 0001-01-01
| 4000-12-31
| 100
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_1_back">[[#limit 1|1]]</sup>
| ≈32 TB
| 65,536 B
| Depends on data types used
| 32 GB
| 32,767 B
| 128 bits
| 100
| 32768
| 63
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| 64 TB
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| 64 TB<sup id="limit_7_back">[[#limit 7|7]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| 64 TB
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| 64 TB<sup id="limit_7_back">[[#limit 7|7]]</sup>
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
| 64 bits
| -99999999
| 99999999
| Unlimited<sup id="limit_8_back">[[#limit 8|8]]</sup>
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! Max DB size
! Max table size
! Max row size
! Max columns per row
! Max Blob/Clob size
! Max CHAR size
! Max NUMBER size
! Min DATE value
! Max DATE value
! Max column name size
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| ≈0.5 YB<sup id="limit_12_back">[[#limit 12|12]]</sup>
| ≈0,5YB<sup id="limit_12_back">[[#limit 12|12]]</sup>
| 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects)
| 32,765
| 4 TB
| 32,765<sup id="limit_14_back">[[#limit 14|14]]</sup>
| 10<sup>125</sup> <sup id="limit_13_back">[[#limit 13|13]]</sup>
| 01/01/0001<sup id="limit_10_back">[[#limit 10|10]]</sup>
| 12/31/9999
| 128 bytes
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 256 KB
| 1,024
| 2 GB
| 32 000 B
| 64 bits
| 0001
| 9999
| 256
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
|Unlimited<sup id="limit_1_back">[[#limit 1|1]]</sup>
| ≈32 TB
| 65,536 B
| Depends on data types used
| 2 GB
| 32,767 B
| 64 bits
| 100
| 32768
| 31
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| Unlimited
| 2<sup>30</sup> rows
| 64 KB (w/o BLOBs),<br />2GB (each BLOB value)
| 250
| 2 GB
| 4000 B
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 66
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| Unlimited
| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB;<br />Innodb storage limits: 64 TB;<br />Aria storage limits: ???
| 64 KB<sup id="limit_3_back">[[#limit 3|3]]</sup>
| 4,096<sup id="limit_4_back">[[#limit 4|4]]</sup>
| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)
| 64 KB (text)
| 64 bits
| 1000
| 9999
| 64<ref name="maria_identifiers">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/sql-language-structure/identifier-names/
| title = Identifier Names
| publisher = MariaDB KnowledgeBase
| access-date = 26 September 2014
}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 16 MB
| 255
| 64 KB (memo field),<br />1 GB ("OLE Object" field)
| 255 B (text field)
| 32 bits
| 0100
| 9999
| 64
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| Unlimited
| 2 GB
| 65,500 B
| 255
| 2 GB
| 16 MB
| 32 bits
| 0001
| 9999
| 10
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| 524,272 TB (32 767 files × 16 TB max file size)
16ZB per instance
| 524,272 TB
| 8,060 bytes / 2 TB<sup id="limit_6_back">[[#limit 6|6]]</sup>
| 1,024 / 30,000(with sparse columns)
| 2 GB / Unlimited (using RBS/FILESTREAM object)
| 2 GB<sup id="limit_6_back">[[#limit 6|6]]</sup>
| 126 bits<sup id="limit_2_back">[[#limit 2|2]]</sup>
| 0001
| 9999
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| 4 GB
| 4 GB
| 8,060 bytes
| 1024
| 2 GB
| 4000
| 154 bits
| 0001
| 9999
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 16000 (+lob data)
| 252
| Unlimited
| 15000
| 45 digits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 128 bits
| -4712-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 1024
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| Unlimited
| MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB
| 64 KB<sup id="limit_3_back">[[#limit 3|3]]</sup>
| 4,096<sup id="limit_4_back">[[#limit 4|4]]</sup>
| 4 GB (longtext, longblob)
| 64 KB (text)
| 64 bits
| 1000
| 9999
| 64
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| 32 TB per instance<br />(Unlimited via elastic cluster)
| DB size (or 32 TB)
| 4 KB
| 200
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 2<sup>31</sup>
| 0
| 9999
| 100
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{val|2|u=PB}} (with standard 8k block)<br />{{val|8|u=PB}} (with max 32k block)<br />{{val|8|u=EB}} (with max 32k block and BIGFILE option)
| 4 GB × block size<br />(with BIGFILE tablespace)
| 8 KB
| 1,000
| 128 TB
| 32,767 B<sup id="limit_11_back">[[#limit 11|11]]</sup>
| 126 bits
| −4712
| 9999
| 128
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! Max DB size
! Max table size
! Max row size
! Max columns per row
! Max Blob/Clob size
! Max CHAR size
! Max NUMBER size
! Min DATE value
! Max DATE value
! Max column name size
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| 4 billion objects
| 256 GB
| 2 GB
| 1,536
| 2 GB
| 8,000 bytes
| 64 bits
| 01-01-0001
| 12-31-9999
| 128 bytes
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS|Polyhedra]]
| Limited by available RAM, address space
| 2<sup>32</sup> rows
| Unlimited
| 65,536
| 4 GB (subject to RAM)
| 4 GB (subject to RAM)
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 8000-12-31
| 255
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = PostgreSQL Limits
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/limits.html
| access-date = 2021-05-13
}}</ref>
| Unlimited
| 32 TB
| 1.6 TB
| 250–1600 depending on type
| 1 GB (text, bytea) stored inline or 4 TB using pg_largeobject
<ref>{{cite web
| title = Large Objects: Introduction
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/lo-intro.html
| access-date = 2021-05-13
}}</ref>
| 1 GB
| Unlimited
| −4,713
<ref>{{cite web
| title = Date/Time Types
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/datatype-datetime.html
| access-date = 2021-05-13
}}</ref>
| 5,874,897
| 63
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| 256 TB
| 256 TB
| 32 KB + BLOB data
| Limited by row size
| 4 GB
| 4 GB
| 64 bits
| -32768-01-01
| 32767-12-31
| 254
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://help.sap.com/viewer/61ecb3d4d8be4baaa07cc4db0ddb5d0a/17.0/en-US/813836f16ce210149e89f219dc353b7e.html|title=SAP Help Portal|website=help.sap.com}}</ref>
| 104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32 KB pages))
| Limited by file size
| Limited by file size
| 45,000
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 64 bits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128 bytes
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| 128 TB (2<sup>31</sup> pages × 64 KB max page size)
| Limited by file size
| Limited by file size
| 32,767
| 2 GB
| 2 GB
| 64 bits
| No DATE type<sup id="limit_9_back">[[#limit 9|9]]</sup>
| No DATE type<sup id="limit_9_back">[[#limit 9|9]]</sup>
| Unlimited
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| 64000 wo/lobs<br />(64 GB w/lobs)
| 2,048
| 2 GB
| 64,000
| 38 digits
| 0001-01-01
| 9999-12-31
| 128
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
| Unlimited
|-
!
! Max DB size
! Max table size
! Max row size
! Max columns per row
! Max Blob/Clob size
! Max CHAR size
! Max NUMBER size
! Min DATE value
! Max DATE value
! Max column name size
|}
* <cite id="limit_1">[[#limit 1 back|Note (1):]]</cite> Firebird 2.x maximum database size is effectively unlimited with the largest known database size >980 GB.<ref>
{{Citation
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=guide&id=techspec
| publisher = Firebird SQL
| series = Guide
| title = Technical Specifications
| access-date = 2008-03-30
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100615021231/http://firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=guide&id=techspec
| archive-date = 2010-06-15
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref> Firebird 1.5.x maximum database size: 32 TB.
* <cite id="limit_2">[[#limit 2 back|Note (2):]]</cite> Limit is 10<sup>38</sup> using <code>DECIMAL</code> datatype.<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187746.aspx
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| title = Library
| date = 21 May 2024
}}</ref>
* <cite id="limit_3">[[#limit 3 back|Note (3):]]</cite> InnoDB is limited to 8,000 bytes (excluding <code>VARBINARY</code>, <code>VARCHAR</code>, <code>BLOB</code>, or <code>TEXT</code> columns).<ref name = "MySQL column count limit">{{Citation
| chapter-url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/column-count-limit.html
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL 5.1 Documentation
| title = Reference Manual
| chapter = Column count limit
}}</ref>
* <cite id="limit_4">[[#limit 4 back|Note (4):]]</cite> InnoDB is limited to 1,017 columns.<ref name = "MySQL column count limit" />
* <cite id="limit_6">[[#limit 6 back|Note (6):]]</cite> Using <code>VARCHAR (MAX)</code> in SQL 2005 and later.<ref name = "SQL Server Row-Overflow Data Exceeding 8 KB">{{Citation
| chapter-url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms186981.aspx
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = SQL Server Documentation
| title = TechNet Library
| year = 2012
| chapter = Row-Overflow Considerations
}}</ref>
* <cite id="limit_7">[[#limit 7 back|Note (7):]]</cite> When using a page size of 32 KB, and when BLOB/CLOB data is stored in the database file.
* <cite id="limit_8">[[#limit 8 back|Note (8):]]</cite> Java array size limit of 2,147,483,648 (2<sup>31</sup>) objects per array applies. This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per <code>CHAR</code>/<code>VARCHAR</code>.
* <cite id="limit_9">[[#limit 9 back|Note (9):]]</cite> Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions,<ref>{{Citation
| chapter-url = http://www.sqlite.org/lang_datefunc.html
| publisher = SQLite
| title = Language
| chapter = Date functions
}}</ref> which work for timestamps between 24 November 4714 B.C. and 1 November 5352.
* <cite id="limit_10">[[#limit 10 back|Note (10):]]</cite> Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999.
* <cite id="limit_11">[[#limit 11 back|Note (11):]]</cite> Since version 12c. Earlier versions support up to {{val|4000|u=B}}.
* <cite id="limit_12">[[#limit 12 back|Note (12):]]</cite> The {{val|0.5|u=YB}} limit refers to the storage limit of a single Informix server instance beginning with v15.0. Informix v12.10 and later versions support using sharding techniques to distribute a table across multiple server instances. A distributed Informix database has no upper limit on table or database size.
* <cite id="limit_13">[[#limit 13 back|Note (13):]]</cite> Informix DECIMAL type supports up to 32 decimal digits of precision with a range of {{10^|-130}} to {{10^|125}}. Fixed and variable precision are supported.
* <cite id="limit_14">[[#limit 14 back|Note (14):]]</cite> The LONGLVARCHAR type supports strings up to 4TB.
==Tables and views==
Information about what [[table (database)|table]]s and [[View (database)|view]]s (other than basic ones) are supported natively.
{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! Temporary table
! [[Materialized view]]
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[4th Dimension (Software)|4th Dimension]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[ADABAS]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| {{yes}}<sup id="tb_1_back">[[#tb 1|1]]</sup>
| {{yes}} – see precomputed result sets
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Advantage Database Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Altibase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Apache Derby]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Clustrix]]DB
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[CUBRID]]
| {{yes}} (only CTE)
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}<sup id="tb_2_back">[[#tb 2|2]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[LucidDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}<sup id="tb_4_back">[[#tb 4|4]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MaxDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}<sup id="tb_4_back">[[#tb 4|4]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}} (only common views)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Superbase database|Superbase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniData]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! Temporary table
! [[Materialized view]]
|}
* <cite id="
| url = http://sybooks.sybase.com/onlinebooks/group-as/asg1250e/sag/@Generic__BookTextView/3225;
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051023153932/http://sybooks.sybase.com/onlinebooks/group-as/asg1250e/sag/@Generic__BookTextView/3225;
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2005-10-23
| publisher = Sybase
| title = Online books
}}</ref>
* <cite id="tb_2">[[#tb 2 back|Note (2):]]</cite> Materialized views are not supported in Informix; the term is used in IBM's documentation to refer to a temporary table created to run the view's query when it is too complex, but one cannot for example define the way it is refreshed or build an index on it. The term is defined in the Informix Performance Guide.<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = IBM
| url = http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/idshelp/v115/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.perf.doc/ids_prf_534.htm
| series = Info Centre
| title = Informix Performance Guide
}}</ref>
* <cite id="tb_4">[[#tb 4 back|Note (4):]]</cite> Materialized views can be emulated using [[stored procedure]]s and triggers.<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Red Noize
| series = Pure
| title = Dynamic Materialized Views in MySQL
| url = http://pure.rednoize.com/archives/13/
| url-status = dead
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060423094210/http://pure.rednoize.com/archives/13/
| archive-date = 2006-04-23
|year=2005
}}</ref>
==Indexes==
Information about what [[index (database)|indexes]]
{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[R-tree|R-]]/[[R+ tree]]
! [[Hash function|Hash]]
! [[Expression index|Expression]]
! [[Partial index|Partial]]
! [[Reverse index|Reverse]]
! [[Bitmap index|Bitmap]]
! [[GiST]]
! [[Inverted index|GIN]]
! [[Full text search|Full-text]]
! [[Spatial index|Spatial]]
! Forest of Trees Index
! Duplicate index prevention
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{dunno}}
| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}<ref>{{Citation
| chapter-url = https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/DERBY-472
| chapter = Derby
| title = Full Text Indexing, Search
| publisher = Apache
| series = Issues
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="CUBRID 9.0 release">{{cite web
| url = http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support/
| title = CUBRID 9.0 release
| access-date = 2013-02-05
| archive-date = 2013-02-14
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130214205927/http://www.cubrid.org/blog/news/announcing-cubrid-9-0-with-3x-performance-increase-and-sharding-support
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="CUBRID 9.0 release"/>
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/tutorials/dm-0810shettar/
| publisher = IBM
| series = Developer Works
| title = Full-text search with Db2 Text Search
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq328/
| publisher = Firebird FAQ
| title = Does Firebird support full-text search?
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/tutorial.html#fulltext
| publisher = H2 Database
| title = Fulltext Search
| series = Tutorial
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.h2database.com/html/grammar.html#create_index
| publisher = H2 Database
| title = Create Spatial Index
| series = Grammar
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = IBM
| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees
| title = Informix 15.0.0 online documentation
| date = 19 November 2024
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Ingres v10}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes|Ingres v10}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]<sup id="os_10_back">[[#os 10|10]]</sup>
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} temporary indexes for equality joins
| {{yes}} for some scalar functions like LOWER and UPPER
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>
{{Citation
| url = http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf
| publisher = Linter
| place = RU
| series = Documentation
| title = Full Text Search Functions
| access-date = 2010-06-06
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110820025927/http://linter.ru/en/documentation/pdf/phrase.pdf
| archive-date = 2011-08-20
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[LucidDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| style="background:#ffd;"| [[Aria (storage engine)|Aria]] and [[MyISAM]] tables and, since v10.2.2, [[InnoDB]] tables only<ref name="SPATIAL INDEX">{{Citation
| publisher = mariadb.com
| series = MariaDB
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/spatial-index/
| title = SPATIAL INDEX
| access-date = 24 September 2017
}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| MEMORY,<ref name="mdb_indices">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/storage-engine-index-types/
| title = Storage Engine Index Types
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 25 April 2016
}}</ref> InnoDB,<sup id="idx_5_back">[[#idx 5|5]]</sup> tables only
| style="background:#ffd;" | PERSISTENT virtual columns only<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/virtual-columns/
| title = Virtual Columns - MariaDB Knowledge Base
}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="mdb_ft">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/fulltext-index-overview/
| title = Fulltext Index Overview
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 25 April 2016
}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| [[Aria (storage engine)|Aria]] and [[MyISAM]] tables and, since v10.2.2, [[InnoDB]] tables only<ref name="SPATIAL INDEX"/>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MaxDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/399406/does-microsoft-access-have-full-text-search
| publisher = Stack Overflow
| series = Questions
| title = Does Microsoft Access have Full Text Search?
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_2_back">[[#idx 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| style="background:#ffd;"| Spatial Indexes
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_4_back">[[#idx 4|4]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_3_back">[[#idx 3|3]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| style="background:#ffd;"|on Computed columns<sup>[[#idx 3|3]]</sup>
| style="background:#ffd;"|Bitmap filter index for Star Join Query
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms142571.aspx
| title = Library
| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Full-Text Search
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = Tech Net
| chapter-url = https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb964712.aspx
| title = Library
| chapter = Spatial Indexing Overview
| date = 4 October 2012
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| chapter-url = http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/sqlce/thread/4a8af1a6-c644-41a5-8637-c7c5a6d73a4c
| title = Forums
| chapter = Microsoft SQL Server Compact Full-text search is not available
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| style="background:#ffd;"| Spatial Indexes<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/create-index.html#create-index-storage-engine-index-types
| title = Index Types Per Storage Engine
| access-date = 24 September 2017
}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| MEMORY, Cluster (NDB), InnoDB,<sup id="idx_5_back">[[#idx 5|5]]</sup> tables only
| {{no}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=4990
| title = Bugs
| chapter = Feature request #4990: Functional Indexes
}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| style="background:#ffd;"| MyISAM tables<ref name="Bugs">{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=13979
| title = Bugs
| chapter = Feature request #13979: InnoDB engine doesn't support FULLTEXT
}}</ref> and, since v5.6.4, InnoDB tables<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.6/en/news-5-6-4.html
| title = Release Notes
| chapter = MySQL v5.6.4 Release Notes
}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| MyISAM tables<ref name="Creating Spatial Indexes">{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/creating-spatial-indexes.html
| title = Creating Spatial Indexes
}}</ref> and, since v5.7.5, InnoDB tables<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/5.7/en/news-5-7-5.html#mysqld-5-7-5-spatial-support
| title = Changes in MySQL 5.7.5
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (Commercial only)
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}} <sup id="idx_1_back">[[#idx 11|11]]</sup>
| style="background:#ffd;"| Cluster Tables
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup id="idx_6_back">[[#idx 6|6]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://stackoverflow.com/questions/202623/does-oracle-support-full-text-search
| publisher = Stack Overflow
| series = Questions
| title = Does Oracle support full text search?
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = Tech Network
| chapter-url = http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/spatial/
| title = Spatial & Locator
| chapter = Location Features for Database 11g
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techonthenet.com/oracle/errors/ora01408.php|title=Oracle / PLSQL: ORA-01408 Error Message|website=www.techonthenet.com}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{No}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_7_back">[[#idx 7|7]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = PostgreSQL community
| series = Documentation
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/indexes-types.html
| title = Index Types
| date = 11 November 2021
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = PostgreSQL community
| series = Documentation
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/textsearch.html
| title = Full Text Search
| date = 11 November 2021
}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| PostGIS<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = The PostGIS Development Group
| series = PostGIS Manual
| url = https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes
| title = Building Spatial Indexes
| access-date = 2021-05-13
| archive-date = 2021-05-03
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210503205533/https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sqlite.org/rtree.html|title=The SQLite R*Tree Module|website=www.sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/expridx.html|title=Indexes On Expressions|website=sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/fts5.html|title=SQLite FTS5 Extension|website=www.sqlite.org}}</ref>
| style="background:#ffd;"| SpatiaLite<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/
| publisher = Gaia GIS 2.3.1
| place = IT
| title = SpatiaLite
| access-date = 2010-12-06
| archive-date = 2011-07-22
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110722033735/http://www.gaia-gis.it/spatialite/
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQream DB]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.info.teradata.com/FullText/eFull-Text-Srch.cfm
| publisher = Teradata
| series = Online Publications
| title = Full-Text Search
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_3_back">[[#idx 3|3]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_3_back">[[#idx 3|3]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup id="idx_3_back">[[#idx 3|3]]</sup>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<ref>[[Teradata Geospatial|geospatial]]</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
|- |
!
! [[R-tree|R-]]/[[
! [[Hash function|Hash]]
! [[Expression
! [[Partial index|Partial]]
! [[Reverse index|Reverse]]
! [[Bitmap Index|Bitmap]]
! [[GiST]]
! [[Generalized Inverted Index|GIN]]
! [[Full text search|Full-text]]
! [[Spatial index|Spatial]]
! Forest of Trees Index
! Duplicate index prevention
|}
* <cite id="idx_1">[[#idx 1 back|Note (1):]]</cite> The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar.<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.udf.adhoc-data.de/index_eng.html
| publisher = Ad Hoc Data
| title = UDF
| access-date = 2007-01-11
| archive-date = 2019-09-14
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190914222246/http://www.udf.adhoc-data.de/index_eng.html
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
* <cite id="idx_2">[[#idx 2 back|Note (2):]]</cite> Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.
* <cite id="idx_3">[[#idx 3 back|Note (3):]]</cite> Can be emulated by indexing a computed column<ref>{{Citation
| series = MSDN
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/createdb/cm_8_des_05_8os3.asp
| publisher = Microsoft
| title = Library
| chapter = Create DB
}}</ref> (doesn't easily update) or by using an "Indexed View"<ref>{{Citation
| series = MSDN
| publisher = Microsoft
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa933124(SQL.80).aspx
| title = Library
| chapter = SQL
}}</ref> (proper name not just any view works<ref>{{cite book
| last = Petkovic
| first = Dusan
| title = Microsoft SQL Server 2005: A Beginner's Guide
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional
| year = 2005
| isbn = 978-0-07-226093-9
| page = 300
}}</ref>).
* <cite id="idx_4">[[#idx 4 back|Note (4):]]</cite> Used for InMemory ColumnStore index, temporary hash index for hash join, Non/Cluster & fill factor.
* <cite id="idx_5">[[#idx 5 back|Note (5):]]</cite> InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/innodb-adaptive-hash.html
| title = Reference manual 5.0
| chapter = InnoDB adaptive Hash
| series = Development documentation
}}</ref> entries as needed.
* <cite id="idx_6">[[#idx 6 back|Note (6):]]</cite> Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used.
* <cite id="idx_7">[[#idx 7 back|Note (7):]]</cite> A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.
* <cite id="idx_10">[[#idx 10 back|Note (10):]]</cite> B+ tree and full-text only for now.
* <cite id="idx_11">[[#idx 11 back|Note (11):]]</cite> R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option.
* <cite id="idx_12">[[#idx 12 back|Note (12):]]</cite> FOT or Forest of Trees indexes is a type of B-tree index consisting of multiple B-trees which reduces contention in multi-user environments.<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = IBM
| chapter-url =https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees =
| title = Informix 15.0 online documentation
| chapter = Forest of Trees
| series = Development documentation
}}</ref>
==Database capabilities==
{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size:80%" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Union (SQL)|Union]]
! [[Intersect (SQL)|Intersect]]
! [[Except (SQL)|Except]]
! [[Inner join]]s
! [[Outer join]]s
! Inner selects
! [[Join (SQL)#Merge join|Merge joins]]
! [[Binary large object|Blobs]] and [[Character large object|clobs]]
! [[Common table expressions]]
! [[Window function (SQL)|Windowing functions]]
! Parallel query
! [[Temporal database|System-versioned tables]]
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[4th Dimension (Software)|4th Dimension]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[ADABAS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Advantage Database Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Altibase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Apache Derby]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Clustrix]]DB
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[CUBRID]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="CUBRID 9.0 release"/>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| chapter-url = http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/library/techarticle/dm-0608mcinerney/
| publisher = IBM
| series = Developer Works
| title = Library
| chapter = Article
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="system-versioning">{{cite web |url=https://modern-sql.com/blog/2018-08/whats-new-in-mariadb-10.3#3.system-versioned-tables |title = What's new in MariaDB 10.3}}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="New Features in HyperSQL 2.2">{{Cite web|url=http://hsqldb.org/web/features200.html|title=HyperSQL 2.5 New Features|website=hsqldb.org}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="New Features in HyperSQL 2.2"/>
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| experimental<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://h2database.com/html/advanced.html#recursive_queries|title=Advanced|website=h2database.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.h2database.com/html/functions.html|title=Functions|website=www.h2database.com}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=382443|title=Informix parallel data query (PDQ)|first=David|last=Clay|date=January 1, 1993|publisher=IEEE Computer Society Press|pages=71–73|via=ACM Digital Library}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10S/index.html#page/RelSum%2FCommon_Table_Expressions.htm | title=Ingres }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10.2/index.html#page/RelSum%2FWindow_Functions.htm | title=Ingres }}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.actian.com/ingres/10s/index.html#page/DatabaseAdmin/Parallel_Query_Execution.htm | title=Ingres }}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No}}
| {{No}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[LucidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|10.3+}}<ref name="intersect_in_mariadb">{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/intersect/ |title=INTERSECT |website=mariadb.com}}</ref>
| {{yes|10.3+}}<ref name="except_in_mariadb">{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/except/ |title=EXCEPT |website=mariadb.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref name="cte_in_mariadb">{{cite web
| url = https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-8308
| title = CTE implemented in 10.2.2
| publisher = mariadb.org
| access-date = 26 July 2017
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="mdb_window">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/window-functions-overview/
| title = Window Functions Overview
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 25 April 2016
}}</ref>
| {{no}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=1542
| title = Bugs
| chapter = Feature request #1542: Parallel query
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="system-versioning"/>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MaxDB]]
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/library/ms189798%28v=sql.105%29
| publisher = Microsoft
| title = Only very limited functions available before SQL Server 2012
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178065.aspx
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| title = Library
| chapter = SQL Server Parallel Query Processing
| date = 4 October 2012
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="system-versioning"/>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|8+}}<ref name="intersect_in_mysql">{{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/intersect.html |title=INTERSECT |website=mysql.com}}</ref>
| {{yes|8+}}<ref name="except_in_mysql">{{Cite web |url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/except.html |title=EXCEPT |website=mysql.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|8+}}<ref name="bugs.mysql.com">{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| chapter-url = http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=16244
| title = Bugs
| chapter = Feature request #16244: SQL-99 Derived table WITH clause (CTE)
}}</ref>
| {{yes|8+}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/window-functions.html
| title = Window Functions
| publisher = mysql.com
| access-date = 20 July 2021
}}</ref>
| {{no}}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
| {{no}}<ref name="system-versioning"/>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|Yes, via MINUS}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup>[[#capa 1|1]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Ora FAQ
| series = Wiki
| url = http://www.orafaq.com/wiki/Parallel_Query_FAQ
| title = Parallel Query
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=New Features Oracle 12.1.0.1|url=https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html#GUID-10675CB5-32F6-4E2B-8D01-A9C6B9649839|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025063656/https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/Changes-in-This-Release-for-Oracle-Database-SQL-Language-Reference.html |archive-date=2020-10-25 }}</ref>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/parallel-query.html
| publisher = PostgreSQL
| title = Parallel Query
| date = 11 August 2022
}}</ref>
| {{no}}<ref name="system-versioning"/>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|3.43.0+}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_43_0.html|title=SQLite Release 3.43.0 On 2023-08-24|website=sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|3.8.3+}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/lang_with.html|title=The WITH Clause|website=sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{yes|3.25+}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sqlite.org/windowfunctions.html|title=Window Functions|website=sqlite.org}}</ref>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}<ref name="system-versioning"/>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQream DB]]
| {{Depends|ALL only}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! |
! [[Union (SQL)|Union]]
! [[Intersect (sql)|Intersect]]
! [[Except (SQL)|Except]]
! [[Inner join]]s
! [[Outer join]]s
! Inner selects
! [[Join (SQL)#Merge join|Merge joins]]
! [[Binary large object|Blobs]] and [[Character large object|clobs]]
! [[Common table expressions]]
! [[Window function (SQL)|Windowing functions]]
! Parallel query
! [[Temporal database|System-versioned tables]]
|}
* <cite id="capa_1">[[#capa 1 back|Note (1):]]</cite> Recursive CTEs introduced in 11gR2 supersedes similar construct called CONNECT BY.
==Data types==
{| style="text-align: center; width: 95%; font-size: 80%;" class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Type system]]
! [[Integer (computer science)|Integer]]
! [[Floating point]]
! Decimal
! [[String (computer science)|String]]
! [[Binary large object|Binary]]
! Date/Time
! [[Boolean data type|Boolean]]
! Other
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[4th Dimension (Software)|4th Dimension]]
| Static
| {{mono|UUID}} (16-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit), {{mono|NUMERIC}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}
| {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}
| {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}
| {{mono|BIT}}, {{mono|BIT}} {{mono|VARYING}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DURATION}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|PICTURE}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Altibase]]<ref name="Altibase-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = Altibase
| series = HDB
| chapter-url = http://atc.altibase.com/sub09/611b/html/GeneralReference/ch01s01s01.html
| title = General Reference
| chapter = Data Types
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|NUMBER}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}
| {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|BYTE}}, {{mono|NIBBLE}}, {{mono|BIT}}, {{mono|VARBIT}}
| {{mono|DATE}}
|
| {{mono|GEOMETRY}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Clustrix]]DB<ref name="mysql-datatypes"/>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}
| {{mono|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}
| {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}
| {{mono|BIT(''1'')}}, {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|ENUM}}, {{mono|SET}},
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[CUBRID]]<ref name="CUBRID-datatypes">{{Citation
|publisher = CUBRID
|series = Reference Manual
|chapter-url = http://www.cubrid.org/manual/syntax/syntax_datatype_num_def.htm
|title = CUBRID SQL Guide
|chapter = Data Types
}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}(32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}}(64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}
| {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}
| {{mono|BIT}}
| {{mono|MONETARY}}, {{mono|BIT}} {{mono|VARYING}}, {{mono|SET}}, {{mono|MULTISET}}, {{mono|SEQUENCE}}, {{mono|ENUM}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[IBM Db2]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECFLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono|WITH}} {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono|WITHOUT}} {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|XML}}, {{mono|GRAPHIC}}, {{mono|VARGRAPHIC}}, {{mono|DBCLOB}}, {{mono|ROWID}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SQL_TINYINT}}, or {{mono|INTEGER8}}; {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|SQL_SMALLINT}}, or {{mono|INTEGER16}}; {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|SQL_INTEGER}}, or {{mono|INTEGER32}}; {{mono|BIGINT}}, {{mono|SQL_BIGINT}}, or {{mono|INTEGER64}}
| {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|SQL_REAL}}, or {{mono|FLOAT32}}; {{mono|DOUBLE}} {{mono|PRECISION}}, {{mono|SQL_DOUBLE}}, or {{mono|FLOAT64}}; {{mono|FLOAT}}, or {{mono|SQL_FLOAT}}; {{mono|EFLOAT}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|DEC}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|SQL_DECIMAL}}, or {{mono|SQL_NUMERIC}}; {{mono|DOLLAR}}
| {{mono|CHARACTER}}, {{mono|ECHARACTER}}, {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|VARYING}}, {{mono|NATIONAL}} {{mono|CHARACTER}}, {{mono|NATIONAL}} {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|VARYING}}, {{mono|NLSCHARACTER}}, {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|NATIONAL}} {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}}, {{mono|NLSTEXT}}
| {{mono|BINARY}} {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}} or {{mono|BLOB}}; {{mono|BULK}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|EDATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|ETIME}}, {{mono|EPOCH_TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|MICROTIMESTAMP}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|SEQUENCE}} 32, {{mono|SEQUENCE}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|BIGINT}},
| {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|DEC}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|NUMBER}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR2}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR2}}, {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}, {{mono|BOOL}}
| {{mono|GEOMETRY}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[FileMaker]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = FileMaker 14 Tech Specs
| url = http://help.filemaker.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/14164/kw/calculation%20timestamp
| publisher = FileMaker=May 12, 2015
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{N/A|Not Supported}}
| {{N/A|Not Supported}}
| {{mono|NUMBER}}
| {{mono|TEXT}}
| {{mono|CONTAINER}}
| {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}
| {{N/A|Not Supported}}
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Migration from MS-SQL to Firebird
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/manual/migration-mssql-data-types.html
| publisher = Firebird Project
| access-date = April 12, 2015
}}</ref>
| {{dunno}}
| {{mono|INT128}}, {{mono|INT64}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}
| {{mono|DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|DECIMAL}}(38, 4), {{mono|DECIMAL}}(10, 4)
| {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|CHAR(''x'')}} {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|SET}} {{mono|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono|VARCHAR(''x'')}} {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|SET}} {{mono|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}
| {{mono|BLOB}} {{mono|SUB_TYPE}} {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} (without time zone and with time zone)
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE}}, {{mono|CHAR}}(38), User defined types (Domains)
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Type system]]
! [[Integer (computer science)|Integer]]
! [[Floating point]]
! Decimal
! [[String (computer science)|String]]
! [[Binary large object|Binary]]
! Date/Time
! [[Boolean data type|Boolean]]
! Other
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]<ref name="hsqldb-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = HSQLDB
| series = 2.0 Documents
| title = Guide
| chapter-url = http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/sqlgeneral-chapt.html#sqlgeneral_types_ops-sect
| chapter = General: HSQLDB data types
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DOUBLE}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|LONGVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|LONGVARBINARY}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|OTHER}} (object), {{mono|BIT}}, {{mono|BIT}} {{mono|VARYING}}, {{mono|ARRAY}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]<ref name="informix-datatypes">{{cite web
| publisher = IBM
| series = Publications
| url = http://www-05.ibm.com/e-business/linkweb/publications/servlet/pbi.wss?CTY=US&FNC=SRX&PBL=SC23-7750-04
| title = IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference, v11.50 (SC23-7750-04)
| date = 20 August 2001
| access-date = August 7, 2013
}}</ref>
| Static + {{mono|UDT}}
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono|INT8}} (64-bit proprietary), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|SMALLFLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}} (32 decimal digits float/fixed, range {{10^|130}} to +{{10^|125}}), {{mono|MONEY}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|LVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|LONGLVARCHAR}}
| {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|BYTE}}, {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|CLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|SET}}, {{mono|LIST}}, {{mono|MULTISET}}, {{mono|ROW}}, {{mono|TIMESERIES}}, {{mono|SPATIAL}}, {{mono|GEODETIC}}, {{mono|NODE}}, {{mono|JSON}}, {{mono|BSON}}, {{mono|USER}} {{mono|DEFINED}} {{mono|TYPES}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]<ref name="ingres-datatypes">{{Citation
|publisher = Ingres
|series = Documents
|chapter-url = http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623
|title = SQL 9.3 Reference Guide
|chapter = 3: Understanding SQL Data Types
|access-date = 2009-11-16
|archive-date = 2011-07-13
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713033627/http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT4}} (32-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| C, {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|TEXT}}
| {{mono|BYTE}}, {{mono|VARBYTE}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|VARBYTE}} ({{mono|BLOB}})
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|ANSIDATE}}, {{mono|INGRESDATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|MONEY}}, {{mono|OBJECT_KEY}}, {{mono|TABLE_KEY}}, {{mono|USER}}-{{mono|DEFINED}} {{mono|DATA}} {{mono|TYPES}} (via {{mono|OME}})
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| Static + Dynamic (in stored procedures)
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}}(32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}}(64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|BYTE}}, {{mono|VARBYTE}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|GEOMETRY}}, {{mono|EXTFILE}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]<ref name="mdb_data_types">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/data-types/
| title = Data Types
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 25 April 2016
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono|REAL}}) (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}
| {{mono|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}
| {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}
| {{mono|BIT(''1'')}}, {{mono|BOOLEAN}} (aka {{mono|BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono|TINYINT}}
| {{mono|ENUM}}, {{mono|SET}}, {{mono|GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]<ref name="sql-server-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| title = Library
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms187752.aspx
| chapter = SQL Server Data Types
| date = 21 May 2024
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}
| {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}
| {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|SMALLMONEY}}, {{mono|MONEY}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NTEXT}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|IMAGE}}, {{mono|FILESTREAM}}, {{mono|FILETABLE}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|DATETIMEOFFSET}}, {{mono|DATETIME2}}, {{mono|SMALLDATETIME}}, {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|TIME}}
| {{mono|BIT}}
| {{mono|CURSOR}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|HIERARCHYID}}, {{mono|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}, {{mono|SQL_VARIANT}}, {{mono|XML}}, {{mono|TABLE}}, Geometry, Geography, Custom .NET datatypes
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]<ref name="sqlce-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = Microsoft
| series = MSDN
| title = Library
| chapter-url = http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms172424.aspx
| chapter = SQL Server Compact Data Types
| date = 24 March 2011
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}
| {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}
| {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|MONEY}}
| {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NTEXT}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|IMAGE}}
| {{mono|DATETIME}}
| {{mono|BIT}}
| {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|ROWVERSION}}, {{mono|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}, {{mono|IDENTITY}}, {{mono|ROWGUIDCOL}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| Static
| {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}, {{mono|INTEGER(''n'')}}
| {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT(''n'')}}
| {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|DOMAINS}}, {{mono|USER-DEFINED TYPES}} (including the pre-defined spatial data types ___location, latitude, longitude and coordinate, and {{mono|UUID}})
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| Static, extensible
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}, {{mono|HUGEINT}}, {{mono|SERIAL}}, {{mono|BIGSERIAL}}
| {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|FLOAT(''n'')}}, {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}} {{mono|PRECISION}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|CHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|CLOB(''n'')}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|STRING}}
| {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|BLOB(''n'')}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|WITH}} {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono|WITH}} {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|YEAR}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|MONTH}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|DAY}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|HOUR}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|MINUTE}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}} {{mono|SECOND}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|JSON}}, {{mono|JSON(''n'')}}, {{mono|URL}}, {{mono|URL(''n'')}}, {{mono|INET}}, {{mono|UUID}}, {{mono|GIS}} data types ({{mono|Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon}}), User Defined Types
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]<ref name="mysql-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL 5.0
| title = Reference manual
| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/data-types.html
| chapter = 10. Data Types
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|MEDIUMINT}} (24-bit), {{mono|INT}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono|REAL}}) (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|TINYTEXT}}, {{mono|MEDIUMTEXT}}, {{mono|LONGTEXT}}
| {{mono|TINYBLOB}}, {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|MEDIUMBLOB}}, {{mono|LONGBLOB}}
| {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|YEAR}}
| {{mono|BIT(''1'')}}, {{mono|BOOLEAN}} (aka {{mono|BOOL}}) = synonym for {{mono|TINYINT}}
| {{mono|ENUM}}, {{mono|SET}}, {{mono|GIS}} data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]<ref name="Virtuoso-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = OpenLink Software
| chapter-url = http://docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso/sqlrefDATATYPES.html
| title = SQL Reference
| chapter = Datatypes
}}</ref>
| Static + Dynamic
| {{mono|INT}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}
| {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}} {{mono|PRECISION}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|FLOAT(''n'')}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|DECIMAL(''n'')}}, {{mono|DECIMAL(''m, n'')}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|NUMERIC(''n'')}}, {{mono|NUMERIC(''m, n'')}}
| {{mono|CHARACTER}}, {{mono|CHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR(''n'')}}
| {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|DATE}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|ANY}}, {{mono|REFERENCE}} ({{mono|IRI}}, {{mono|URI}}), {{mono|UDT}} (User Defined Type), {{mono|GEOMETRY}} ({{mono|BOX}}, {{mono|BOX2D}}, {{mono|BOX3D}}, {{mono|BOXM}}, {{mono|BOXZ}}, {{mono|BOXZM}}, {{mono|CIRCULARSTRING}}, {{mono|COMPOUNDCURVE}}, {{mono|CURVEPOLYGON}}, {{mono|EMPTY}}, {{mono|GEOMETRYCOLLECTION}}, {{mono|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONM}}, {{mono|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONZ}}, {{mono|GEOMETRYCOLLECTIONZM}}, {{mono|LINESTRING}}, {{mono|LINESTRINGM}}, {{mono|LINESTRINGZ}}, {{mono|LINESTRINGZM}}, {{mono|MULTICURVE}}, {{mono|MULTILINESTRING}}, {{mono|MULTILINESTRINGM}}, {{mono|MULTILINESTRINGZ}}, {{mono|MULTILINESTRINGZM}}, {{mono|MULTIPOINT}}, {{mono|MULTIPOINTM}}, {{mono|MULTIPOINTZ}}, {{mono|MULTIPOINTZM}}, {{mono|MULTIPOLYGON}}, {{mono|MULTIPOLYGONM}}, {{mono|MULTIPOLYGONZ}}, {{mono|MULTIPOLYGONZM}}, {{mono|POINT}}, {{mono|POINTM}}, {{mono|POINTZ}}, {{mono|POINTZM}}, {{mono|POLYGON}}, {{mono|POLYGONM}}, {{mono|POLYGONZ}}, {{mono|POLYGONZM}}, {{mono|POLYLINE}}, {{mono|POLYLINEZ}}, {{mono|RING}}, {{mono|RINGM}}, {{mono|RINGZ}}, {{mono|RINGZM}})
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Type system]]
! [[Integer (computer science)|Integer]]
! [[Floating point]]
! Decimal
! [[String (computer science)|String]]
! [[Binary large object|Binary]]
! Date/Time
! [[Boolean data type|Boolean]]
! Other
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]<ref name="oracle-datatypes">{{Citation
|publisher = Oracle
|series = Server documents
|title = SQL 11.2 Reference
|chapter-url = http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10592/sql_elements001.htm#i45441
|chapter = Data Types
|access-date = 2009-09-21
|archive-date = 2010-03-14
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100314015040/http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e10592/sql_elements001.htm#i45441
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| Static + Dynamic (through {{mono|ANYDATA}})
| {{mono|NUMBER}}
| {{mono|BINARY_FLOAT}}, {{mono|BINARY_DOUBLE}}
| {{mono|NUMBER}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR2}}, {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR2}}, {{mono|NCHAR}}, {{mono|LONG}} (deprecated)
| {{mono|BLOB}}, {{mono|RAW}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|RAW}} (deprecated), {{mono|BFILE}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} (with/without {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}), {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|SPATIAL}}, {{mono|IMAGE}}, {{mono|AUDIO}}, {{mono|VIDEO}}, {{mono|DICOM}}, XMLType, {{mono|UDT}}, {{mono|JSON}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]<ref name="psql-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = Pervasive
| series = Product documentation
| chapter-url = http://docs.pervasive.com/products/database/psqlv11/wwhelp/wwhimpl/js/html/wwhelp.htm#href=sqlref/SQLDtype.10.1.html#134765
| title = Pervasive PSQL Supported Data Types
| chapter = Data Types
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|BIGINT}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|UBIGINT}}, {{mono|UINTEGER}}, {{mono|USMALLINT}}, {{mono|UTINYINT}}
| {{mono|BFLOAT4}}, {{mono|BFLOAT8}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}, {{mono|NUMERICSA}}, {{mono|NUMERICSLB}}, {{mono|NUMERICSLS}}, {{mono|NUMERICSTB}}, {{mono|NUMERICSTS}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|LONGVARCHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|LONGVARBINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|DATETIME}}, {{mono|TIME}}
| {{mono|BIT}}
| {{mono|CURRENCY}}, {{mono|IDENTITY}}, {{mono|SMALLIDENTITY}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono|UNIQUEIDENTIFIER}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS|Polyhedra]]<ref>
{{Citation
| publisher = Enea AB
| series = Product documentation
| url = http://developer.polyhedra.com/manuals/rtrdb-reference-manual/sql-reference-manual
| title = Polyhedra SQL Reference Manual
| access-date = 2013-04-23
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004225034/http://developer.polyhedra.com/manuals/rtrdb-reference-manual/sql-reference-manual
| archive-date = 2013-10-04
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|INTEGER8}} (8-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}}(16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|INTEGER64}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT32}} (32-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (aka {{mono|REAL}}; 64-bit)
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|VARCHAR}} (aka {{mono|CHARACTER}} {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}})
| {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|BINARY}} (aka {{mono|BINARY}} {{mono|LARGE}} {{mono|OBJECT}})
| {{mono|DATETIME}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]<ref name="postgresql-datatypes">{{Citation
| publisher = PostgreSQL community
| series = PostgreSQL 10 Documentation
| chapter-url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/10/static/datatype.html
| title = Manual
| chapter = Data Types
| date = 11 August 2022
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} {{mono|PRECISION}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|TEXT}}
| {{mono|BYTEA}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}} (with/without {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}), {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} (with/without {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}}), {{mono|INTERVAL}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|ENUM}}, {{mono|POINT}}, {{mono|LINE}}, {{mono|LSEG}}, {{mono|BOX}}, {{mono|PATH}}, {{mono|POLYGON}}, {{mono|CIRCLE}}, {{mono|CIDR}}, {{mono|INET}}, {{mono|MACADDR}}, {{mono|BIT}}, {{mono|UUID}}, {{mono|XML}}, {{mono|JSON}}, {{mono|JSONB}}, arrays, composites, ranges, custom
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}}, {{mono|SMALLINT}}, {{mono|INTEGER}}, {{mono|BIGINT}}
| {{mono|SMALLDECIMAL}}, {{mono|REAL}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}, {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|FLOAT(''n'')}}
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}
| {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono|ALPHANUM}}, {{mono|SHORTTEXT}}
| {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|BINTEXT}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|SECONDDATE}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}
| {{mono|BOOLEAN}}
| {{mono|CLOB}}, {{mono|NCLOB}}, {{mono|TEXT}}, {{mono|ARRAY}}, {{mono|ST_GEOMETRY}}, {{mono|ST_POINT}}, {{mono|ST_MULTIPOINT}}, {{mono|ST_LINESTRING}}, {{mono|ST_MULTILINESTRING}}, {{mono|ST_POLYGON}}, {{mono|ST_MULTIPOLYGON}}, {{mono|ST_GEOMETRYCOLLECTION}}, {{mono|ST_CIRCULARSTRING}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (64-bit), {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}} (51 digits)
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|WCHAR}}, {{mono|WVARCHAR}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|WVARCHAR}}
| {{mono|BINARY}}, {{mono|VARBINARY}}, {{mono|LONG}} {{mono|VARBINARY}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}}
|
|
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]<ref name="sqlite-datatypes">{{Citation
| url = http://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html
| publisher = SQLite 3
| title = Datatypes
}}</ref>
| Dynamic
| {{mono|INTEGER}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}} (aka {{mono|FLOAT}}, {{mono|DOUBLE}}) (64-bit)
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|TEXT}} (aka {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}})
| {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQream DB]]<ref name="sqreamdb-datatypes">{{Citation
| url = http://www.sqream.com/docs/latest/manual/#_data_types
| publisher = SQream Technologies
| title = SQream SQL Reference Guide
}}</ref>
| Static
| {{mono|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|REAL}} (32-bit), {{mono|DOUBLE}} (aka {{mono|FLOAT}}) (64-bit)
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|NVARCHAR}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|DATETIME}} (aka {{mono|TIMESTAMP}})
| {{mono|BOOL}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Type system]]
! [[Integer (computer science)|Integer]]
! [[Floating point]]
! Decimal
! [[String (computer science)|String]]
! [[Binary large object|Binary]]
! Date/Time
! [[Boolean data type|Boolean]]
! Other
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| Static
| {{mono|BYTEINT}} (8-bit), {{mono|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono|BIGINT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|FLOAT}} (64-bit)
| {{mono|DECIMAL}}, {{mono|NUMERIC}} (38 digits)
| {{mono|CHAR}}, {{mono|VARCHAR}}, {{mono|CLOB}}
| {{mono|BYTE}}, {{mono|VARBYTE}}, {{mono|BLOB}}
| {{mono|DATE}}, {{mono|TIME}}, {{mono|TIMESTAMP}} (w/wo {{mono|TIME}} {{mono|ZONE}})
|
| {{mono|PERIOD}}, {{mono|INTERVAL}}, {{mono|GEOMETRY}}, {{mono|XML}}, {{mono|JSON}}, {{mono|UDT}} (User Defined Type)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniData]]
| Dynamic
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| Dynamic
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
| {{N/A|N/A}}
|-
! |
! [[Type system]]
! [[Integer (computer science)|Integer]]
! [[Floating point]]
! Decimal
! [[String (computer science)|String]]
! [[Binary large object|Binary]]
! Date/Time
! [[Boolean data type|Boolean]]
! Other
|}
==Other objects==
Information about what other objects are supported natively.
{|
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! [[Data ___domain]]
! [[Cursor (databases)|Cursor]]
! [[Database trigger|Trigger]]
! [[Function (computer programming)|Function]]<sup id="other_1_back">[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
! [[Subroutine|Procedure]]<sup>[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
! External routine<sup>[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}?
| {{yes}}?
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|
|
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}} via RANGE CHECK
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}} via CHECK CONSTRAINT
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}} via CHECK
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup>[[#other 5|5]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[LucidDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
| {{yes}}<sup>[[#other 2|2]]</sup>
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}<ref name="constraint_in_mariadb">{{Cite web |url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/constraint/#check-constraints |title=Constraint |website=mariadb.com}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MaxDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{Depends|Yes, But single DML/DDL Operation}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| {{no}} <sup>[[#other 3|3]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniData]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! |
! [[Data ___domain]]
! [[Cursor (databases)|Cursor]]
! [[Database trigger|Trigger]]
! [[Function (computer programming)|Function]]<sup id="other_1_back">[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
! [[Subroutine|Procedure]]<sup>[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
! External routine<sup>[[#other 1|1]]</sup>
|}
* <cite id="
* <cite id="other_2">[[#other 2 back|Note (2):]]</cite> In Derby, H2, LucidDB, and CUBRID, users code '''functions''' and '''procedures''' in Java.
* <cite id="other_3">[[#other 3 back|Note (3):]]</cite> ENUM datatype exists. CHECK clause is parsed, but not enforced in runtime.
* <cite id="other_5">[[#other 5 back|Note (5):]]</cite> Informix supports external functions written in Java, C, & C++.
==Partitioning==
Information about what [[partition (database)|partitioning]] methods are supported natively.
{|
|-
! style="width:16em" |
! Range
! Hash
! Composite (Range+Hash)
! List
! Expression
! Round Robin
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Ingres (database)|Ingres]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[InterBase]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MaxDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Access]] (JET)
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft Visual Foxpro]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{partial|via computed column}}
| {{partial|via computed column}}
| {{yes}}
| {{partial|via computed column}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MonetDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes|via Virtual Columns}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Rdb]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Virtuoso Universal Server|OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[UniVerse]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! |
! Range
! Hash
! Composite (Range+Hash)
! List
! Expression
! Round Robin
|}
==Access control==
Information about access control functionalities.
{{sort-under}}
{| style="text-align: center; font-size: 80%" class="wikitable sortable sort-under"
|-
!
! Native network encryption<sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup>
! [[Brute-force attack|Brute-force protection]]
! Enterprise directory compatibility
! Password complexity rules<sup>[[#ac 2|2]]</sup>
! Patch access<sup>[[#ac 3|3]]</sup>
! Run unprivileged<sup>[[#ac 4|4]]</sup>
! Audit
! {{verth|va=middle|Resource limit}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Separation of duties<br/>([[Role-based access control|RBAC]])<sup>[[#ac 5|5]]</sup>}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Security Certification}}
! {{verth|va=middle|[[Attribute-based access control]]<br/>(ABAC)}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[4th Dimension (software)|4D]]
| {{yes}} (with SSL)
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Adaptive Server Enterprise]]
| {{yes}} (optional; to pay)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (optional ?)
| {{yes}}
| {{partial}} (need to register; depend on which product)<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Sybase
| series = Downloads
| title = Support
| url = http://downloads.sybase.com/swd/base.do?client=support
| access-date = 2008-09-07
}}{{dead link|date=October 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL4+ <sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup>)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Advantage Database Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[CUBRID]]
| {{yes}} (with SSL)
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[IBM Db2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL4+<sup id="ac_6_back">[[#ac 6|6]]</sup>)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Empress database|Empress Embedded Database]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[EXASOL|EXASolution]]
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (LDAP)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Firebird (database server)|Firebird]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| chapter-url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=devel&sub=engine&id=fb20_release
| publisher = Firebird SQL 2.0
| series = Development
| title = Engine
| chapter = Release
}}</ref>
| {{yes}} (Windows trusted authenification)
| {{yes}} (by custom plugin)
| {{yes}} (no security page)<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/index.php?op=files
| publisher = Firebird SQL
| title = Files
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}<ref>{{cite web
| title = Trace and Audit Services
| url = http://www.firebirdsql.org/rlsnotesh/rlsnotes25.html#rnfb25-trace
| publisher = Firebird Project
| access-date = April 12, 2015
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}<sup id="ac_7_back">[[#ac 7|7]]</sup>
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[HSQLDB]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[H2 (DBMS)|H2]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Informix Dynamic Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}<sup id="ac_10_back">[[#ac 10|10]]</sup>
| {{dunno}}<sup id="ac_10_back">[[#ac 10|10]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Linter SQL RDBMS]]
| {{yes}} (with SSL)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (length only)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MariaDB]]
| {{yes}} (SSL)
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} (with 5.2, but not on Windows servers)
| {{yes}}<ref name="mdb_cpc">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/cracklib_password_check/
| title = cracklib_password_check
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 9 December 2014
}}</ref><ref name="mdb_spc">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/documentation/plugins/simple_password_check/
| title = simple_password_check
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 9 December 2014
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}<ref name="mdb_security">{{cite web
| url = https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb/security/
| title = Security Vulnerabilities Fixed in MariaDB
| publisher = mariadb.com
| access-date = 25 April 2016
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}<sup id="ac_8_back">[[#ac 8|8]]</sup>
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Microsoft SQL Server]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}} (Microsoft Active Directory)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}} (From 2008)
| {{Yes}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL4+<sup>[[#ac 11|11]]</sup>)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Server Compact|Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database)]]
| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (file access)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Mimer SQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (depending on OS)
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[MySQL]]
| {{yes}} (SSL with 4.0)
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} (with 5.5, but only in commercial edition)
| {{no}}
| {{partial}} (no security page)<ref>{{Citation
| publisher = Oracle
| series = MySQL
| title = Development
| chapter = Downloads
| chapter-url = http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}<sup id="ac_8_back">[[#ac 8|8]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[OpenLink Virtuoso]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (optional)
| {{yes}} (optional)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (optional)
| {{yes}} (optional)
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} (optional)
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Oracle Database|Oracle]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL2<sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup>)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup id="ac_12_back">[[#ac 12|12]]</sup>
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Polyhedra DBMS]]
| {{yes}} (with SSL. Optional)
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup id="ac_13_back">[[#ac 13|13]]</sup>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} <sup>[[#ac 13|13]]</sup>
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[PostgreSQL]]
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...<sup id="ac_9_back">[[#ac 9|9]]</sup>)
| {{yes}} (with passwordcheck module)
| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html
| publisher = PostgreSQL community
| series = Support
| title = Security
| access-date = 2018-03-05
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111101131843/http://www.postgresql.org/support/security.html
| archive-date = 2011-11-01
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (with pgaudit extension)<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://github.com/pgaudit/pgaudit/blob/master/README.md
| title = Open Source PostgreSQL Audit Logging
| date = September 2022
}}</ref>
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL2+<sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup>)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SAP HANA]]
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[solidDB]]
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQL Anywhere]]
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}} (Kerberos)
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}} (EAL2+<sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup> as Adaptive Server Anywhere)
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[SQLite]]
| {{no}} (not relevant, only file permissions)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{no}} (not relevant)
| {{partial}} (no security page)<ref>{{Citation
| url = http://www.sqlite.org/download.html
| publisher = SQLite
| title = Download
}}</ref>
| {{yes}} (file access)
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{no}}
| {{dunno}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | [[Teradata]]
| {{yes}}
| {{no}}
| {{yes}} (LDAP, Kerberos...)
| {{yes}}
| {{dunno}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
|-
!
! Native network encryption<sup>[[#ac 1|1]]</sup>
! Brute-force protection
! Enterprise directory compatibility
! Password complexity rules<sup>[[#ac 2|2]]</sup>
! Patch access<sup>[[#ac 3|3]]</sup>
! Run unprivileged<sup>[[#ac 4|4]]</sup>
! Audit
! {{verth|va=middle|Resource limit}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Separation of duties<br/>(RBAC)<sup>[[#ac 5|5]]</sup>}}
! {{verth|va=middle|Security Certification}}
! {{verth|va=middle|[[Attribute-based access control]]<br/>(ABAC)}}
|}
* <cite id="ac_1">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 1|Note (1):]]</cite> Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, in general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy.
* <cite id="ac_2">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 2|Note (2):]]</cite> Options are present to set a minimum size for password, respect complexity like presence of numbers or special characters.
* <cite id="ac_3">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 3|Note (3):]]</cite> How do you get security updates? Is it free access, do you need a login or to pay? Is there easy access through a Web/FTP portal or RSS feed or only through offline access (mail CD-ROM, phone).
* <cite id="ac_4">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 4|Note (4):]]</cite> Does database process run as root/administrator or unprivileged user? What is default configuration?
* <cite id="ac_5">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 5|Note (5):]]</cite> Is there a separate user to manage special operation like backup (only dump/restore permissions), security officer (audit), administrator (add user/create database), etc.? Is it default or optional?
* <cite id="ac_6">[[#ac 6 back|Note (6):]]</cite> Common Criteria certified product list.<ref>
{{Citation
| publisher = Common Criteria Portal
| url = https://www.commoncriteriaportal.org/products/#DB
| series = Products
| title = DB
| access-date = 2021-05-13
}}
</ref>
* <cite id="ac_7">[[#ac 7 back|Note (7):]]</cite> FirebirdSQL seems to only have SYSDBA user and DB owner. There are no separate roles for backup operator and security administrator.
* <cite id="ac_8">[[#ac 8 back|Note (8):]]</cite> User can define a dedicated backup user but nothing particular in default install.<ref>
{{Citation
| url = http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Backup_MySQL
| publisher = Gentoo wiki
| series = How to
| title = Backup MySQL
| access-date = 2008-09-07
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080902231142/http://gentoo-wiki.com/HOWTO_Backup_MySQL
| archive-date = 2008-09-02
| url-status = dead
}}
</ref>
* <cite id="ac_9">[[#ac 9 back|Note (9):]]</cite> Authentication methods.<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/interactive/auth-methods.html
| publisher = PostgreSQL community
| series = 8.1 Documents
| title = Authentication methods
| date = 24 July 2014
}}</ref>
* <cite id="ac_10">[[#ac 10 back|Note (10):]]</cite> Informix Dynamic Server supports PAM and other configurable authentication. By default uses OS authentication.
* <cite id="ac_11">[[#ac 11 back|Note (11):]]</cite> Authentication methods.<ref>{{Citation
| url = https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/common-criteria.aspx#tab6
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140213221406/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/common-criteria.aspx
| archive-date = 2014-02-13
| publisher = Microsoft
| title = Common Criteria (CC, ISO15408)
}}</ref>
* <cite id="ac_12">[[#ac 12 back|Note (12):]]</cite> With the use of Pervasive AuditMaster.
* <cite id="ac_13">[[#ac 13 back|Note (13):]]</cite> User-based security is optional in Polyhedra, but when enabled can be enhanced to a role-based model with auditing.<ref name="Polyhedra-audit">{{Citation
| url = http://developer.polyhedra.com/how-to-guides/auditing
| publisher = Enea AB
| series = White paper
| title = Adding audit trails to a Polyhedra IMDB database
}}</ref>
==Databases vs schemas (terminology)==
{{Original research|section|date=June 2010}}
The [[SQL]] specification defines what an "SQL schema" is; however, databases implement it differently. To compound this confusion the functionality can overlap with that of a parent database. An SQL schema is simply a [[namespace]] within a database; things within this namespace are addressed using the member [[operator (programming)|operator]] dot "{{char|.}}". This seems to be a universal among all of the implementations.
A true [[fully qualified name|fully (database, schema, and table) qualified]] query is exemplified as such: {{code|SELECT * FROM database.schema.table|sql}}
Both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo", from another like-named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:
* {{code|SELECT * FROM database1.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT * FROM database2.foo|sql}} (no explicit schema between database and table)
* {{code|SELECT * FROM [database1.]default.foo|sql}} vs. {{code|SELECT * FROM [database1.]alternate.foo|sql}} (no explicit database prefix)
The problem that arises is that former [[MySQL]] users will create multiple databases for one project. In this context, MySQL databases are analogous in function to PostgreSQL-schemas, insomuch as PostgreSQL deliberately lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality (preferring multi-tenancy) that MySQL has. Conversely, [[PostgreSQL]] has applied more of the specification implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality.
MySQL aliases ''schema'' with ''database'' behind the scenes, such that {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} and {{code|CREATE DATABASE}} are analogs. It can therefore be said that MySQL has implemented cross-database functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely, and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, PostgreSQL fully supports schemas and multi-tenancy by strictly separating databases from each other and thus lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL does not even attempt to support standard schemas.
Oracle has its own spin where creating a user is synonymous with creating a schema. Thus a database administrator can create a user called PROJECT and then create a table PROJECT.TABLE. Users can exist without schema objects, but an object is always associated with an owner (though that owner may not have privileges to connect to the database). With the 'shared-everything' [[Oracle RAC]] architecture, the same database can be opened by multiple servers concurrently. This is independent of replication, which can also be used, whereby the data is copied for use by different servers. In the Oracle implementation, a 'database' is a set of files which contains the data while the 'instance' is a set of processes (and memory) through which a database is accessed.
Informix supports multiple databases in a server instance like MySQL. It supports the {{code|CREATE SCHEMA}} syntax as a way to group DDL statements into a single unit creating all objects created as a part of the schema as a single owner. Informix supports a database mode called ANSI mode which supports creating objects with the same name but owned by different users.
PostgreSQL and some other databases have support for foreign schemas, which is the ability to import schemas from other servers as defined in [[SQL/MED|ISO/IEC 9075-9]] (published as part of [[SQL:2008]]). This appears like any other schema in the database according to the SQL specification while accessing data stored either in a different database or a different server instance. The import can be made either as an entire foreign schema or merely certain tables belonging to that foreign schema.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/sql-importforeignschema.html
| title = PostgreSQL: Documentation: IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA
| website = www.postgresql.org
| access-date = 2016-06-11
}}</ref> While support for ISO/IEC 9075-9 bridges the gap between the two competing philosophies surrounding schemas, MySQL and Informix maintain an implicit association between databases while ISO/IEC 9075-9 requires that any such linkages be explicit in nature.
==See also==
* [[Relational database management system]] (includes market share data)
* [[List of relational database management systems]]
* [[Comparison of object–relational database management systems]]
* [[Comparison of database administration tools]]
* [[Object database]] – some of which have relational (SQL/ODBC) interfaces.
* [[IBM Business System 12]] – an historical [[RDBMS]] and related query language.
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{wikibooks|SQL dialects reference}}
* [http://troels.arvin.dk/db/rdbms/ Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards]. Includes Oracle, Db2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. <small>(8 June 2007)</small>
* [https://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~shadow/sql/sql1992.txt The SQL92 standard]
* [https://www.sql-workbench.eu/dbms_comparison.html DMBS comparison by SQL Workbench]
{{Databases}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Relational database management systems}}
[[Category:Database
[[Category:Relational database management systems]]
[[Category:Database management systems]]
| |||