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Line 76: \| Cockroach Labs \| 2015 \| ~~v20~~v24.21.80 \| ~~2021~~2024-0405-2320 \| {{free\|BSL,CCL,MIT,BSD}} \| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues \|title=cockroachdb Issue tracker \|website=[[GitHub]] \|access-date=2021-05-03 \|archive-date=2021-05-06 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506023814/https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/issues \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Line 187: \| H2 Software \| 2005 \| 2.13.~~214~~232 \| ~~2022~~2024-0608-1312 \| {{free\|[[Eclipse Public License\|EPL]] and modified [[Mozilla Public License\|MPL]]}} \| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://github.com/h2database/h2database/issues\|title=Issues · h2database/h2database\|website=GitHub}}</ref> Line 195: \| [[IBM]] / [[HCLTech\|HCL Technologies]] \| <span style="display:none">1981????</span>1980 \| 1415.100.~~xC9~~0.1 \| ~~2022-10~~2025-03-15 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}} \|- ! [[Ingres (database)\|Ingres]] \| [[Actian(HCLSoftware)]] \| 1974 \| 1112.20.0<ref>{{cite web \| title = Actian X & Ingres - Lifecycle Dates \| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres }}</ref> \| ~~2022~~2024-05-06 \| {{Proprietary}} ~~\| {{partial\|[[GNU General Public License\|GPL]] and [[Proprietary software\|Proprietary]]}}~~ \| {{No}} \|- Line 297: \| Mimer Information Technology \| 1978 \| 11.0.8D9D \| ~~2024~~2025-0507-1716 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}} \|- ! [[MonetDB]] \| MonetDB ~~Solutions~~Foundation <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.~~monetdbsolutions~~monetdb.~~com~~org/about-us/monetdb-foundation//\|title = MonetDB ~~Solutions~~Foundation\| date=4 April 2023 }}</ref> \| 2004 \| ~~Dec2023~~Mar2025 <ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.monetdb.org/release-notes/\|title = MonetDB Latest Release\| date=2127 ~~December~~March ~~2023~~2025 }}</ref> \| ~~2023~~2025-1203-2827 \| {{free\|Mozilla Public License, version 2.0<ref>{{Citation \| url = https://www.monetdb.org/about-us/privacy-and-legals/ \| publisher = MonetDB ~~B.V.~~Foundation \| title = MonetDB License MPL2.0 \| date = 8 February 2022 }}</ref>}} \| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues \|title=MonetDB Issues \|website=[[GitHub]] \|access-date=~~2021-06-08 \|archive-date=2021~~2025-05-~~13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513162053/https://github.com/MonetDB/MonetDB/issues \|url-status=dead~~01 }}</ref> \|- ! [[mSQL]] Line 424: \| [[Actian]] \| 1982 \| ~~v15~~v16 \| 2024-06-30 ~~\| 2021~~ \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{No}} Line 445: \| PostgreSQL Global Development Group \| 1989-06 \| 1617.14 \| ~~2023~~2025-1102-0921<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-~~161~~174-~~155~~168-~~1410~~1512-~~1313-1217~~1417-and-~~1122~~1320-released-~~2749~~3018/ \|title=PostgreSQL 17.4, 16.18, 15.512, 14~~.10, 13.13, 12~~.17, and 1113.2220 Released! \|publisher=The PostgreSQL Global Development Group \|date=~~2023~~2025-1102-0920 \|website=PostgreSQL \|access-date=~~2023~~2025-1102-2921}}</ref> \| {{free\|[[Postgres License]]}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.postgresql.org/about/licence/\|title=PostgreSQL: License\|website=www.postgresql.org}}</ref> \| {{No}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/660468/\|title=A bug tracker for PostgreSQL? [LWN.net]\|website=lwn.net}}</ref> Line 509: \| 2.1<ref>{{Citation \| url = http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html \| publisher = SQream Technologies \| title = SQream DB Version 2.1 SQL Reference Guide \| access-date = 2018-02-12 \| archive-date = 2018-02-12 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201639/http://docs.sqream.com/2.1/manual/sql_reference.html \| url-status = dead }}</ref> \| 2018-01-15 Line 557 ⟶ 561: \| {{No}} \|- ! [[Actian Vector\|Vector]] \| [[Actian(HCLSoftware)]] \| 2010 \| 7.0<ref>{{cite web \| title = Vector - Lifecycle Dates \| url = https://communities.actian.com/s/supportservices/lifecycle-dates/actian-x-ingres }}</ref>▼ \| 2024-12-17 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{noNo}}▼ \|- ! [[YugabyteDB]] \| Yugabyte, Inc. Line 565 ⟶ 581: \| {{Yes}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://github.com/YugaByte/yugabyte-db/issues\|title=Issues · yugabyte/Yugabyte-db\|website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> \|- ! [[Actian Zen (PSQL)]] \| [[Actian]] \| 1982 \| v16 \| 2024-06-30 \| {{Proprietary}} \| {{noNo}}▼ \|- ! ! Maintainer Line 756 ⟶ 781: \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.firebirdsql.org/en/firebird-3-0/\|title = Firebird: The true open source database for Windows, Linux, Mac OS X and more}}</ref> \| {{noyes}} \|- ! [[HSQLDB]] Line 784 ⟶ 809: ! [[Informix Dynamic Server]] \| {{yes}} \| {{~~yes~~no}}▼ \| {{yes}} \| {{~~yes~~no}} \| {{yes}} ([[AIX (operating system)\|AIX]]) ▲\| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{no}} Line 1,609 ⟶ 1,634: \| {{yes}} \| [[API]] & [[graphical user interface\|GUI]] & [[SQL]] \| {{No}}<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~news\|url=https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9799.1302719551%40sss.pgh.pa.us\|title=Re: BUG #5974: UNION construct type cast gives poor error message\|first=Tom\|last=Lane\|date=April 13, 2011\|website=PostgreSQL Mailing List Archives}}</ref> \|- ! [[SAP HANA]] Line 1,868 ⟶ 1,893: \| 32 GB \| 32,767 B \| 64128 bits \| 100 \| 32768 \| 3163 \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[HSQLDB]] Line 1,910 ⟶ 1,935: \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[Informix Dynamic Server]] \| ~~≈128~~≈0.5 PBYB<sup id="limit_12_back">[[#limit 12\|12]]</sup> \| ~~≈128 PB~~≈0,5YB<sup id="limit_12_back">[[#limit 12\|12]]</sup> \| 32,765 bytes (exclusive of large objects) \| 32,765 \| 4 TB \| 32,765<sup id="limit_14_back">[[#limit 14\|14]]</sup> ~~\| 32,765~~ \| 10<sup>125</sup> <sup id="limit_13_back">[[#limit 13\|13]]</sup> \| 01/01/0001<sup id="limit_10_back">[[#limit 10\|10]]</sup> Line 2,274 ⟶ 2,299: * <cite id="limit_10">[[#limit 10 back\|Note (10):]]</cite> Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999. * <cite id="limit_11">[[#limit 11 back\|Note (11):]]</cite> Since version 12c. Earlier versions support up to {{val\|4000\|u=B}}. * <cite id="limit_12">[[#limit 12 back\|Note (12):]]</cite> The {{val\|~~128~~0.5\|u=PBYB}} limit refers to the storage limit of a single Informix server instance beginning with v15.0. Informix v12.10 and later versions support using sharding techniques to distribute a table across multiple server instances. A distributed Informix database has no upper limit on table or database size. * <cite id="limit_13">[[#limit 13 back\|Note (13):]]</cite> Informix DECIMAL type supports up to 32 decimal digits of precision with a range of {{10^\|-130}} to {{10^\|125}}. Fixed and variable precision are supported. * <cite id="limit_14">[[#limit 14 back\|Note (14):]]</cite> The LONGLVARCHAR type supports strings up to 4TB. ==Tables and views== Line 2,498 ⟶ 2,524: ! [[Full text search\|Full-text]] ! [[Spatial index\|Spatial]] ! [[Forest of Trees~~\|FOT]]~~ Index ! Duplicate index prevention \|- Line 2,663 ⟶ 2,689: \| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{noyes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} Line 2,727 ⟶ 2,753: \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}<ref>{{Citation \| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/14.10?topic=considerations-improve-query-performance-forest-trees-index▼ \| publisher = IBM ▲ \| url = https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/1415.100.0?topic=~~considerations-improve-query-performance~~indexes-forest-trees~~-index~~ \| title = Forest of Trees Index▼ \| ~~series~~title = Informix ~~Infocenter~~15.0.0 online documentation \| date = 2019 ~~July~~November ~~2022~~2024 }}</ref> \| {{yes}} \|- Line 3,110 ⟶ 3,135: \| style="background:#ffd;"\| PostGIS<ref>{{Citation \| publisher = The PostGIS Development Group \| series = PostGIS Manual \| url = https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes \| title = Building Spatial Indexes \| access-date = 2021-05-13 \| archive-date = 2021-05-03 \| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210503205533/https://postgis.net/docs/postgis_usage.html#build-indexes \| url-status = dead }}</ref> \| {{no}} Line 3,240 ⟶ 3,269: ! [[Full text search\|Full-text]] ! [[Spatial index\|Spatial]] ! [[Forest of Trees~~\|FOT]]~~ Index ! Duplicate index prevention \|} Line 3,286 ⟶ 3,315: * <cite id="idx_10">[[#idx 10 back\|Note (10):]]</cite> B+ tree and full-text only for now. * <cite id="idx_11">[[#idx 11 back\|Note (11):]]</cite> R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option. * <cite id="idx_12">[[#idx 12 back\|Note (12):]]</cite> FOT or Forest of Trees indexes is a type of B-tree index consisting of multiple B-trees which reduces contention in multi-user environments.<ref>{{Citation \| publisher = IBM \| chapter-url =https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/informix-servers/15.0.0?topic=indexes-forest-trees = \| title = Informix 15.0 online documentation ▲ \| ~~title~~ chapter = Forest of Trees ~~Index~~ \| series = Development documentation }}</ref> ==Database capabilities== Line 3,292 ⟶ 3,328: ! style="width:16em" \| ! [[Union (SQL)\|Union]] ! [[Intersect (~~sql~~SQL)\|Intersect]] ! [[Except (SQL)\|Except]] ! [[Inner join]]s Line 3,740 ⟶ 3,776: ! style="text-align:left" \| [[MySQL]] \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|8+}}<ref name="intersect_in_mysql">{{Cite web \|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/intersect.html \|title=INTERSECT \|website=mysql.com}}</ref> ▲\| {{no}} \| {{yes\|8+}}<ref name="except_in_mysql">{{Cite web \|url=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/except.html \|title=EXCEPT \|website=mysql.com}}</ref> ▲\| {{no}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} Line 3,913 ⟶ 3,949: \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes\|3.43.0+}}<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.sqlite.org/releaselog/3_43_0.html\|title=SQLite Release 3.43.0 On 2023-08-24\|website=sqlite.org}}</ref> ~~\| {{Depends\|LEFT only}}~~ \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} Line 4,111 ⟶ 4,147: }}</ref> \| {{dunno}} \| {{mono\|INT128}}, {{mono\|INT64}}, {{mono\|INTEGER}}, {{mono\|SMALLINT}} \| {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|FLOAT}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}}, {{mono\|DECIMAL}}(1838, 4), {{mono\|DECIMAL}}(10, 4) \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|CHAR(''x'')}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|SET}} {{mono\|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR(''x'')}} {{mono\|CHARACTER}} {{mono\|SET}} {{mono\|UNICODE_FSS}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}} {{mono\|SUB_TYPE}} {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|BLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} (without time zone and with time zone) \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE}}, {{mono\|CHAR}}(38), User defined types (Domains) \|- ! style="width:16em" \| Line 4,153 ⟶ 4,189: \| url = http://www-05.ibm.com/e-business/linkweb/publications/servlet/pbi.wss?CTY=US&FNC=SRX&PBL=SC23-7750-04 \| title = IBM Informix Guide to SQL: Reference, v11.50 (SC23-7750-04) \| ~~access-~~date = ~~August~~20 7,August ~~2013~~2001 \| access-date = August 7, 2013 }}</ref> \| Static + {{mono\|UDT}} Line 4,159 ⟶ 4,196: \| {{mono\|SMALLFLOAT}} (32-bit), {{mono\|FLOAT}} (64-bit) \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}} (32 decimal digits float/fixed, range {{10^\|130}} to +{{10^\|125}}), {{mono\|MONEY}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|NCHAR}}, {{mono\|NVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|LVARCHAR}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|LONGLVARCHAR}} \| {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|BYTE}}, {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|CLOB}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|DATETIME}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|SET}}, {{mono\|LIST}}, {{mono\|MULTISET}}, {{mono\|ROW}}, {{mono\|TIMESERIES}}, {{mono\|SPATIAL}}, {{mono\|GEODETIC}}, {{mono\|NODE}}, {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|BSON}}, {{mono\|USER}} {{mono\|DEFINED}} {{mono\|TYPES}} \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[Ingres (database)\|Ingres]]<ref name="ingres-datatypes">{{Citation \|publisher \| ~~publisher~~ = Ingres \|series \| ~~series~~ = Documents \| chapter-url = http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623 \|title \| ~~title~~ = SQL 9.3 Reference Guide \|chapter \| ~~chapter~~ = 3: Understanding SQL Data Types \|access-date = 2009-11-16 ▲ }}</ref> \|archive-date = 2011-07-13 \|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110713033627/http://docs.ingres.com/Ingres/9.3/SQL%20Reference%20Guide/understandingsqldatatypes.htm#o3623 \|url-status = dead }}</ref> \| Static \| {{mono\|TINYINT}} (8-bit), {{mono\|SMALLINT}} (16-bit), {{mono\|INTEGER}} (32-bit), {{mono\|BIGINT}} (64-bit) Line 4,261 ⟶ 4,302: \| {{mono\|FLOAT}}, {{mono\|FLOAT(''n'')}}, {{mono\|REAL}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}}, {{mono\|DOUBLE}} {{mono\|PRECISION}} \| {{mono\|DECIMAL}}, {{mono\|NUMERIC}} \| {{mono\|CHAR}}, {{mono\|CHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR}}, {{mono\|VARCHAR(''n'')}}, {{mono\|CLOB}}, {{mono\|CLOB(''n'')}}, {{mono\|TEXT}}, {{mono\|STRING}} \| {{mono\|BLOB}}, {{mono\|BLOB(''n'')}} \| {{mono\|DATE}}, {{mono\|TIME}}, {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|WITH}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}}, {{mono\|TIMESTAMP}} {{mono\|WITH}} {{mono\|TIME}} {{mono\|ZONE}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|YEAR}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|MONTH}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|DAY}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|HOUR}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|MINUTE}}, {{mono\|INTERVAL}} {{mono\|SECOND}} \| {{mono\|BOOLEAN}} \| {{mono\|JSON}}, {{mono\|JSON(''n'')}}, {{mono\|URL}}, {{mono\|URL(''n'')}}, {{mono\|INET}}, {{mono\|UUID}}, {{mono\|GIS}} data types ({{mono\|Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon}}), User Defined Types Line 4,502 ⟶ 4,543: \|- ! style="width:16em" \| ! [[Data ~~Domain~~___domain]] ! [[Cursor (databases)\|Cursor]] ! [[Database trigger\|Trigger]] ! [[Function (computer programming)\|Function]]~~ ~~<sup id="other_1_back">[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> ! [[Subroutine\|Procedure]]~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> ! External routine~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[4th Dimension (Software)\|4th Dimension]] Line 4,553 ⟶ 4,594: \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup id="other_2_back">[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[Clustrix]]DB Line 4,570 ⟶ 4,611: \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}} \|- Line 4,616 ⟶ 4,657: \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}} \|- Line 4,657 ⟶ 4,698: \| {{yes}} \| {{no}} \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \| {{yes}}~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 2\|2]]</sup> \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[MariaDB]] \| {{yes}}<ref name="constraint_in_mariadb">{{Cite web \|url=https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/constraint/#check-constraints \|title=~~CONSTRAINT~~Constraint \|website=mariadb.com}}</ref> \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} Line 4,838 ⟶ 4,879: \|- ! \| ! [[Data ~~Domain~~___domain]] ! [[Cursor (databases)\|Cursor]] ! [[Database trigger\|Trigger]] ! [[Function (computer programming)\|Function]]~~ ~~<sup id="other_1_back">[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> ! [[Subroutine\|Procedure]]~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> ! External routine~~ ~~<sup>[[#other 1\|1]]</sup> \|} * <cite id="other_1">[[#other 1 back\|Note (1):]]</cite> Both '''function''' and '''procedure''' refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like [[PL/SQL]]. '''External routine''' refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "[[Stored procedure]]" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors. Line 5,185 ⟶ 5,226: ==Access control== Information about access control functionalities. {{sort-under}} {\| style="text-align: center~~; width: 95%~~; font-size: 80%" class="wikitable sortable sort-under" \|- ! ~~! style="width:16em" \|~~ ! Native network encryption<sup>[[#ac 1\|1]]</sup> ! [[Brute-force attack\|Brute-force protection]] Line 5,195 ⟶ 5,237: ! Run unprivileged<sup>[[#ac 4\|4]]</sup> ! Audit ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Resource limit}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Separation of duties <br/>([[Role-based access control\|RBAC]])<sup>[[#ac 5\|5]]</sup>}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Security Certification}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|[[Attribute-based access control~~\|Attribute-Based Access Control~~ ]]<br/>(ABAC)]]}} \|- ! style="text-align:left" \| [[4th Dimension (software)\|4D]] Line 5,536 ⟶ 5,578: \| date = September 2022 }}</ref> \| {{yes}} \| {{yes}} Line 5,619 ⟶ 5,660: ! Run unprivileged<sup>[[#ac 4\|4]]</sup> ! Audit ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Resource limit}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Separation of duties <br/>(~~[[Role-based access control\|~~RBAC]])<sup>[[#ac 5\|5]]</sup>}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|Security Certification}} ! {{verth\|va=middle\|[[Attribute-based access control~~\|Attribute-Based Access Control~~ ]]<br/>(ABAC)]]}} \|} * <cite id="ac_1">[[Comparison of relational database management systems#ac 1\|Note (1):]]</cite> Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, in general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy. Line 5,721 ⟶ 5,762: [[Category:Database software comparisons\|Relational databases]] [[Category:Relational database management systems]] [[Category:Database management systems]]