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The sensing technology is based around sensing elements called [[Fiber Bragg Grating]]s (FBGs) that are fabricated in standard single core silica fibers, highly birefringent [[Microstructured fiber]]s (MSF) and [[Plastic optical fiber]]s (POF). The silica MSFs are designed to exhibit almost zero temperature sensitivity to cope with the traditional temperature cross-sensitivity issues of conventional fiber sensors. These specialty fibers are being modeled, designed, and fabricated within the programme. FBGs implemented in plastic optical fiber are also being studied because plastic fibers can be stretched up to 300% before breaking, permitting use under conditions that would result in catastrophic failure of other types of strain sensors.
Once optimized, the sensors are embedded into a flexible skin and interfaced with peripheral [[optoelectronics]] and electronics (see Figure 2).
The photonic skins developed by PHOSFOS have potential application in real-time remote monitoring of behavior and integrity of various structures such as in civil engineering (buildings, dams, bridges, roads, tunnels and mines), in aerospace (aircraft wings, helicopter blades), and in energy production (windmill blades). Applications in healthcare are also being investigated.
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Temperature and humidity sensing using a combined silica / POF fiber sensor has been demonstrated.<ref>Optical fibre temperature and humidity sensor, C. Zhang, W. Zhang, D.J. Webb, G.D. Peng, Electronics Letters, 46, 9, pp643-644, 2010, {{doi|10.1049/el.2010.0879}}</ref> Combined strain, temperature and bend sensing has also been shown.<ref>Bragg grating in polymer optical fibre for strain, bend and temperature sensing, X. Chen, C. Zhang, D.J Webb, G.-D. Peng, K. Kalli, Measurement Science and Technology, 2010</ref> Using a fiber Bragg grating in an eccentric core polymer has been shown to yield a high sensitivity to bend.<ref>Highly Sensitive Bend Sensor Based on Bragg Grating in Eccentric Core Polymer Fiber, X. Chen, C. Zhang, D.J. Webb, K. Kalli, G.-D. Peng, A. Argyros, IEEE Sensors Journal, 2010</ref>
Other recent progress includes the demonstration of birefringent [[photonic crystal]] fibers with zero polarimetric sensitivity to temperature,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/index.php/eng/Phosfos/Journals/Birefringent-photonic-crystal-fibers-with-zero-polarimetric-sensitivity-to-temperature |title=Birefringent photonic crystal fibers with zero polarimetric sensitivity to temperature / Journals / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720172055/http://www.phosfos.eu/index.php/eng/Phosfos/Journals/Birefringent-photonic-crystal-fibers-with-zero-polarimetric-sensitivity-to-temperature |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results |title=Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126031453/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and a successful demonstration of transversal load sensing with fibre Bragg gratings in microstructured optic fibers.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/index.php/eng/Phosfos/Journals/Transversal-Load-Sensing-with-Fiber-Bragg-Gratings-in-Microstructured-Optical-Fibers |title=Transversal Load Sensing with Fiber Bragg Gratings in Microstructured Optical Fibers / Journals / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2010-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720172149/http://www.phosfos.eu/index.php/eng/Phosfos/Journals/Transversal-Load-Sensing-with-Fiber-Bragg-Gratings-in-Microstructured-Optical-Fibers |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
The key areas where significant progress has been made are listed below:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results |title=Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126031453/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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* Femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings - using femtosecond lasers to inscribe fiber Bragg gratings in optical fibers, while also selectively inducing [[birefringence]] in the optical fibre at the same spatial ___location as the grating, has enabled the development of vectorial sensors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-06-Femtosecond-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Fabrication |title=Fact Sheet 06 - Femtosecond Fibre Bragg Grating Fabrication / Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127063620/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-06-Femtosecond-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Fabrication |archive-date=2011-11-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Polymers for flexible skinlike materials - a series of polymer materials were developed that have inherent flexibility and tuneable mechanical strength. They are also visually transparent and are compatible with commercially available formulations. A great step forward in developing novel monomers and prepolymers that supplement commercial formulations was taken and several novel formulations created. Finally, we also developed a new optical fiber coating material that quickly cures on silica fibres under UV irradiation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-07-Polymers-for-Flexible-Skinlike-Materials |title=Fact Sheet 07 - Polymers for Flexible Skinlike Materials / Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127063625/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-07-Polymers-for-Flexible-Skinlike-Materials |archive-date=2011-11-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Sensing system for silica microstructured fibers for pressure and temperature sensing - the silica MSF based [[pressure sensor]] has great potential value potential in the field of downhole pressure monitoring within the oil and gas industry. In this application there is a need to monitor high pressures (range from 0 to 1000 bar) in combination with fast temperature variations. The ultralow temperature cross-sensitivity is therefore an important feature of this system<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-08-Silica-Microstructured-Optical-Fibre-Sensor-Pre-Product-Prototype |title=Fact Sheet 08 - Silica Microstructured Optical Fibre Sensor Pre-Product Prototype / Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126051446/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-08-Silica-Microstructured-Optical-Fibre-Sensor-Pre-Product-Prototype |archive-date=2011-11-26 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Sensing system for multimode polymer fiber Bragg gratings - fiber Bragg grating sensors are commonly used for strain and temperature sensing but pressure sensing can be more challenging especially when space is limited. The PHOSFOS project consortium developed a new polymer multipoint FBG sensor that can measure the pressure in various medical applications. The fact that polymer fiber is used rather than silica fiber is beneficial in terms of patient safely. The low [[Young's modulus]] of polymer fiber improves the strain transfer from the surrounding medium to the sensors.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-09-Polymer-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Oesophageal-Sensor-Demonstrator |title=Fact Sheet 09 - Polymer Fibre Bragg Grating Oesophageal Sensor Demonstrator / Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127063630/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-09-Polymer-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Oesophageal-Sensor-Demonstrator |archive-date=2011-11-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-10-Polymer-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Interrogator |title=Fact Sheet 10 - Polymer Fibre Bragg Grating Interrogator / Facts & Results / Phosfos / Home - PHOSFOS - Photonic Skins for Optical Sensing |access-date=2011-08-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127063635/http://www.phosfos.eu/eng/Phosfos/Facts-Results/Fact-Sheet-10-Polymer-Fibre-Bragg-Grating-Interrogator |archive-date=2011-11-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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* [http://www.vub.ac.be], [[Vrije Universiteit Brussel]]
* [http://www.cmst.be/], Interuniversitair Micro-Electronica Centrum VZW
* [http://www.ugent.be
* [http://www.if.pwr.wroc.pl], Politechnika Wroclawska
* [http://www.umcs.lublin.pl], [[Maria Curie-Skłodowska University]]
* [http://www1.aston.ac.uk/eas/research/groups/photonics/], [[Aston University]]
* [http://www.fos-s.com
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100203064401/http://www.cut.ac.cy/toPanepistimio/?id=1], Cyprus University of Technology
* [http://www.astasense.com], Astasense Limited
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* http://spie.org/x38859.xml?highlight=x2406&ArticleID=x38859
* http://spie.org/x39927.xml?ArticleID=x39927
* http://www.fos-s.be/projectsadv/be-en/1/detail/item/604/cat/19/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706134111/http://www.fos-s.be/projectsadv/be-en/1/detail/item/604/cat/19/ |date=2011-07-06 }}
* https://web.archive.org/web/20110715161219/http://rdmag.com/News/2008/10/Optical-foils-could--be-basis-for-artificial-skin/
* http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=36120
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