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\\ \nabla\cdot\mathbf{u}=0. \end{array}</math>
In a wide variety of applications, the stress tensor <math>\tau</math> is given as a linear function of the gradient <math>\nabla u</math>. Such a choice for <math>\tau</math> has been proven to be sufficient for describing the dynamics of a broad range of fluids. However, its use for more complex fluids such as polymers is dubious. In such a case, it may be necessary to use multiscale modeling to accurately model the system such that the stress tensor can be extracted without requiring the computational cost of a full microscale simulation.<ref>{{Cite book |last=E |first=Weinan
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