Content deleted Content added
Ozzie10aaaa (talk | contribs) m Cleaned up using AutoEd |
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 |
||
| (2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Proposed cost–benefit framework}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2015}}
Line 15 ⟶ 16:
== Description ==
The PRECEDE–PROCEED planning model consists of four planning phases, one implementation phase, and
{| class="wikitable"
Line 31 ⟶ 32:
|}
===Phase 1 – Social
The first stage in the program planning phase deals with identifying and evaluating the social problems that affect the quality of life of a population of interest. Social assessment is the "application, through broad participation, of multiple sources of information, both objective and subjective, designed to expand the mutual understanding of people regarding their aspirations for the common good".<ref name="Green05" /> During this stage, the program planners try to gain an understanding of the social problems that affect the quality of life of the community and its members, their strengths, weaknesses, and resources; and their readiness to change. This is done through various activities such as developing a planning committee, holding community forums, and conducting [[focus group]]s, [[Survey (human research)|survey]]s, and/or [[interview]]s. These activities will engage the beneficiaries in the planning process and planners will be able to see the issues just as the community sees them.
===Phase 2 – Epidemiological,
''Epidemiological diagnosis'' deals with determining and focusing on specific health issue(s) of the community, and the behavioral and environmental factors related to prioritized health needs of the community. Based on these priorities, achievable program goals and objectives for the program being developed are established.<ref name="Green05" /> Epidemiological assessment may include secondary data analysis or original data collection — examples of epidemiological data include [[vital statistics (government records)|vital statistics]], state and national health surveys, medical and administrative records, etc. Genetic factors, although not directly changeable through a health promotion program, are becoming increasingly important in understanding health problems and counseling people with genetic risks, or may be useful in identifying high-risk groups for intervention.<ref name="Green05" /><ref name="Gielen08" />
Line 41 ⟶ 42:
''Environmental diagnosis'' — This is a parallel analysis of social and physical environmental factors other than specific actions that could be linked to behaviors. In this assessment, environmental factors beyond the control of the individual are modified to influence the health outcome. For example, poor nutritional status among children may be due to the availability of unhealthful foods in school. This may require not only educational interventions, but also additional strategies such as influencing the behaviors of a school's food service managers
===Phase 3 – Educational and
Once the behavioral and environmental factors are identified and interventions selected, planners can start to work on selecting factors that, if modified, will most likely result in behavior change, as well as sustain it. These factors are classified as 1) predisposing, 2) enabling, and 3) reinforcing factors.<ref name="Green05" /><ref name="Gielen08" />
Line 50 ⟶ 51:
''Reinforcing factors'' are rewards or punishments following or anticipated as a consequence of a behavior.<ref name="Green05" /> They serve to strengthen the motivation for a behavior. Some of the reinforcing factors include social support, peer support, etc.
===Phase 4 – Administrative and
This phase focuses on the administrative and organizational concerns that must be addressed prior to program implementation. This includes assessment of resources, development and allocation of budgets, looking at organizational barriers, and coordination of the program with other departments, including external organizations and the community.<ref name="GreenOt08">Green L.W., Ottoson J.M. (2008). Public health education and health promotion. In L.F. Novick, C.B. Morrow, & G.P. Mays (eds.). ''Public Health Administration: Principles for Population-Based Management''. Boston: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, pp. 589–620</ref>
Line 57 ⟶ 58:
''Policy diagnosis'' assesses the compatibility of program goals and objectives with those of the organization and its administration. This evaluates whether program goals fit into the mission statements, rules and regulations that are needed for the implementation and sustainability of the program.
===Phase 5 – Implementation of the
{{empty section|date=February 2025}}
===Phase 6 – Process
This phase is used to evaluate the process by which the program is being implemented. This phase determines whether the program is being implemented according to the protocol, and determines whether the objectives of the program are being met. It also helps identify modifications that may be needed to improve the program.
===Phase 7 – Impact
This phase measures the effectiveness of the program with regards to the intermediate objectives as well as the changes in predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors. Often this phase is used to evaluate the performance of educators.
===Phase 8 – Outcome
This phase measures change in terms of overall objectives as well as changes in health and social benefits or quality of life. That is, it determines the effect of the program in the health and quality of life of the community.
Line 94 ⟶ 96:
* [http://lgreen.net L. W. Green's website: "If we want more evidence-based practice, we need more practice-based evidence"]
* [http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/section_1008.aspx PRECEDE/PROCEED Model: The Community Tool Box]
* [http://www.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/precede-proceed-model How does the Precede–Proceed Model provide a structure for assessing health and quality-of-life needs?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017162547/http://www.enotes.com/public-health-encyclopedia/precede-proceed-model |date=October 17, 2011 }}
{{Public health}}
| |||