'''Object-PL/SQL''' ('''[[Object-oriented programming|Object]]-Procedural Language/[[Structured Query Language]]''' or simpllysimply '''O-PL/SQL''') is a methodology of usage ofusing the [[Oracle Corporation]]'s [[Procedural programming|procedural]] extension [[programming language|language]] for [[SQL]] and the [[Oracle Database|Oracle relational database]] .<ref name="CITDK">{{cite web|url=http://www.cit.dk/cot/reports/reports/Case4/18/cot-4-18.pdf|title=Experiences with Object Oriented Development in PL/SQL|author=Lassan, Alan R. , |last2=Due, Jacob Steen|date=13 June 2000|publisher=The danish NationlNational Center for IT Research| accessdateurl-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224020624/http://www.cit.dk/cot/reports/reports/Case4/18/cot-4-18.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2010|access-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> after<ref>{{Cite thejournal|last1=Centre featuresFor|last2=Allan ofR. theLassen|last3=Jacob Steen Due|date=2000|title=Experiences with Object Oriented Development in PL/SQL|citeseerx=10.1.1.38.5122}}</ref> The additional features from version 7 and furtherother improvementimprovements, lead to one of the large-scale environment implementations of the [[object-oriented database]] paradigm.<ref name="DBAORA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_edb_pl_sql_features_release.htm|title=PL/SQL Features by Release|author=Cunningham, Lewis|publisher=Burleson Consulting| accessdateaccess-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> , leading to one of the means of large-scale environment implementations of the [[object-oriented database]] paradigm.▼{{editing}}
▲'''Object-PL/SQL''' ('''[[Object-oriented programming|Object]]-Procedural Language/[[Structured Query Language]]''' or simplly '''O-PL/SQL''') is a methodology of usage of the [[Oracle Corporation]]'s [[Procedural programming|procedural]] extension [[programming language|language]] for [[SQL]] and the [[Oracle Database|Oracle relational database]]<ref name="CITDK">{{cite web|url=http://www.cit.dk/cot/reports/reports/Case4/18/cot-4-18.pdf|title=Experiences with Object Oriented Development in PL/SQL|author=Lassan, Alan R., Due, Jacob Steen|date=13 June 2000|publisher=The danish Nationl Center for IT Research|accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref> after the features of the version 7 and further improvement<ref name="DBAORA">{{cite web|url=http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_edb_pl_sql_features_release.htm|title=PL/SQL Features by Release|author=Cunningham, Lewis|publisher=Burleson Consulting|accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref>, leading to one of the means of large-scale environment implementations of the [[object-oriented database]] paradigm.
Although PL/SQL's general [[Syntax (programming languages)|syntax]] formerly used to resemble that of [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]] or [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]], there were many improvements that mainly include mainly the ''Java embedding code''<ref name="STKOVER">{{cite web|url==httphttps://stackoverflow.com/questions/70072/when-should-you-use-java-stored-procedures-with-an-oracle-database-what-are|title=When Should you use Java Stored Procedures with an Oracle Database, what are the Drawbacks?|publisher=Stack Overflow|accessdateaccess-date=15 April 2012}}</ref> and the ''object-oriented sytaxsyntax''<ref name="ETUT">{{cite web|url=http://etutorials.org/SQL/Oracle+PL+SQL+Language+Pocket+Reference/Chapter+1.+Oracle+PLSQL+Language+Pocket+Reference/1.16+Oracles+Object-Oriented+Features/|title=Oracle's Object-Oriented Features|publisher=etutorial.org|accessdateaccess-date=16 April 2012}}</ref> inside the SQL.
The mixing and embedding, inof [[Database trigger|triggers]] and [[stored procedure]]s of the Java and the SQL languages was one of the breakthrough points up to support the ususe of [[PL/SQL]] in a ''OO'' paradigm.<ref name="SAMS">Benett, 2002:144</ref>. The includinginclusion in the SQL syntax of statements likesuch <nokiki>as {{mono|[class].[object]</nowiki>}}, and the implementation of the object ''type''<ref name="TOP10"/> (like any OO language), completed the minimum requisites to a mapping approach in an extended SQL language without use of [[Persistence framework|specific mapping software]].<ref name="BALES">Bales, 2007:107-209</ref>.
== Autonomy, notoriety and importance of O-PL/SQL ==
The O-PSL/SQL isn't identifiedsimply withthe thisuse ora those versionsversion of thea programming language PL/SQL, but it's hasidentified inas its''how charactersto techniquesuse it'', and it defines the autonomy of usagethe theme.<ref name="JAVA2">{{cite web|url=http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/Oracle/0620__Object-Oriented/UseObjectPLSQL.htm|title=Use Object PL/SQL|publisher=java2s.com|accessdateaccess-date=19 April 2012}}</ref>. Each version of PL/SQL, starting from 7, brings so many innovations that it's impossible to treat such usages as sub-themes of PL/SQL. soSo big is thethat revolution that it establishes a real borderline between the language, that can be used as formerly, and the OO approach inside itself. It's just this approach that makes the theme important and the large-scale using has brought its notoriety.<ref name="STEVE">Feuerstein, 2009</ref>
== A confusing of ''objects'' ==
HereThere cannotcan be confusedconfusion of the notions of ''object of DBMS'' and of ''class object''. This is very important as we live with both significances in one only language. It's so necessary to identify when the documentation refers to an ''object'' as one orof the othertwo meaningdefinitions.
''Database objects'' are concepts that refer to [[Relational model|relational]] or evensequential sequencial databasedatabases and persist being valid in new models. ''Tables'', ''triggers'', ''columns'', ''indexes'' are examples of database objects,<ref name="TOP10">{{cite web|url=http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/43629/Top-10-steps-to-optimize-data-access-in-SQL-Server|title=Optimize Database Files and Apply Partitioning|author=Shubho, Al-Farooque|date=8 November 2009|publisher=The Code Project|accessdateaccess-date=19 April 2012}}</ref>, nothing to see with ''classes objects'', witchwhich are present too in O-PL/SQL, but with the same meaning of the notion of [[Java (programming language)|Java]] objects, specifically an element of a set that has its existence beginning from an instantiation of a class.
== The PL/SQL ==
{{Main article|PL/SQL}}
'''''PL/SQL''''' is the extended SQL language used by [[Oracle Database]].
PL/SQL is available in Oracle Database (since version 7), [[TimesTen|TimesTen in-memory database]] (since version 11.2.1), and [[IBM DB2Db2]] (since version 9.7).<ref name="IBM">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/library/techarticle/dm-0907oracleappsondb2/index.html|title=DB2 10: Run Oracle applications on DB2 10 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows|publisher=IBM|access-date=20 April 2012}}</ref>
O-PL/SQL allows the definition of classes and instantiating these as objects,
thus creating user-defined datatypes as and writing constructors, beyond using Java in stored procedures and triggers.
== Examples of uses of syntax of O-PL/SQL ==
Here is a small set of examples of O-PL/SQL syntax, extracted from the official documentation<ref name="ORADOC">{{cite web|url=http://docs.oracle.com/|title=Oracle Documentatio|publisher=Oracle|accessdateaccess-date=19 April 2012}}</ref> and other sources:
=== Example 1 ===
A simple example of object-oriented PL/SQL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/plsql/oo/example_1.html|title=Object Oriented Oracle, example 1|publisher=René Nyffenegger's collection of things on the web|accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref><source lang="SQL"> ▼
▲A simple example of object-oriented PL/SQL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adp-gmbh.ch/ora/plsql/oo/example_1.html|title=Object Oriented Oracle, example 1|publisher=René Nyffenegger's collection of things on the web| accessdateaccess-date=19 April 2012}}</ref ><source lang="SQL">
<syntaxhighlight lang="plpgsql">
create or replace type base_type as object (
a number,
member procedure proc (n number)
) instantiable not final;
/</sourcesyntaxhighlight>
Now, the type's implementation is created. The implementation defines how the type's functions, procedures and how explicit constructors behave:<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="SQLplpgsql">
create or replace type body base_type as
constructor function base_type return self as result is
end proc;
end;
/</sourcesyntaxhighlight>
We're ready to derive from base_type. The keyword for deriving is under. The derived type defines a new attribute (named: m) and overrides func.<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="SQLplpgsql">
create or replace type deriv_type under base_type (
m number,
overriding member function func return number
);
/</sourcesyntaxhighlight>
As is the case with base types, the overridden methods in the derived type must be implemented:<source lang="SQL">
<syntaxhighlight lang="plpgsql">
create or replace type body deriv_type as
overriding member function func return number is
end;
end;
/</sourcesyntaxhighlight>
The created types can be instantiadedinstantiated and methods can be called:
<sourcesyntaxhighlight lang="SQLplpgsql">
declare
b1 base_type :=base_type();
dbms_output.put_line(d2.func);
end;
/</sourcesyntaxhighlight>
Results
0
4
24
30
The created types have become real types and can be used in tables:<source lang="SQL">
<syntaxhighlight lang="plpgsql">
create table table_base (
b base_type
/
select t.b.func() from table_base t;
</syntaxhighlight>
T.B.FUNC()</source>
Results:
----------
0
0
72
72<source lang="SQL">
<syntaxhighlight lang="plpgsql">
select avg(t.b.func()) from table_base t;
</syntaxhighlight>
AVG(T.B.FUNC())</source>
Result:
---------------
36
36
=== Example 2 ===
Another example of stored procedure in Java embedded in Oracle Documentation<ref name="ORA2">{{cite web|url=http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187/chthree.htm#CACFGDCI|title=Calling Java Methods in Oracle Database|published=Oracle|accessdate=20 April 2012}}</ref> ▼
* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.br/books?id=1RwFA-vlwX8C&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=mixing+java+in+pl/sql+procedures+and+triggers&source=bl&ots=Vw7l1H7TUe&sig=bykIRLXpPkVPYucWr3fJhpYjzfY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=L2WMT5ukDYio8gST1JHFCQ&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mixing%20java%20in%20pl%2Fsql%20procedures%20and%20triggers&f=false|last=Bennett|first=Mathew||title=Programming Oracle Developer|edition=1|place=Indianapolis|publisher=Sams|year=2002|pages=348|isbn=0672321106}} ▼* {{cite book|url=http://books.google.com.br/books?id=FqUKI3MSuHYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-BR&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|last=Bales|first=Donals|title=PL/SQL from Novice to Professional|edition=1|place=New York|publisher=Apress|year=2007|isbn=10590598822|pages=469|}} ▼* {{cite book|url=http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/databases/oracle-pl-sql/9780596805401|title=Oracle PL/SQL Programming|last=Feuerstein|first=Steven|last2=Pribyl|first2=Bill||place=Sebastopol|publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc.|year=2009|pages=978-0-596-51446-4|isbn=9780596514464|chapter=26}} ▼*{{cite book|url=http://218.92.71.5:1085/trebook/book/book36/2009986047703.pdf|last=Rahayu|first=Wenny|last2=taniar|first2=David|last3=Pardede|first3=Eric|title=Object-Oriented Oracle|Place=Hershey|publisher=IRM Press|year=2006|pages=345|isbn=1591406080}} ▼
==See also==
* [[Relational database management system]]
* [[Transact-SQL]]
* [[Database management system]]
▲* {{cite book|url= httphttps://books.google.com .br/books?id=1RwFA-vlwX8C& pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dqq=mixing+java+in+pl /sql%2Fsql+procedures+and+triggers& sourcepg= bl&ots=Vw7l1H7TUe&sig=bykIRLXpPkVPYucWr3fJhpYjzfY&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=L2WMT5ukDYio8gST1JHFCQ&ved=0CCMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=mixing%20java%20in%20pl%2Fsql%20procedures%20and%20triggers&f=falsePA144|last=Bennett|first=Mathew ||title=Programming Oracle Developer|edition=1|place=Indianapolis|publisher=Sams|year=2002|pages=348|isbn=0672321106}}
▲* {{cite book|url= httphttps://books.google.com .br/books?id=FqUKI3MSuHYC &printsec=frontcover&hl=pt-BR&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false|last=Bales|first=Donals|title=PL/SQL from Novice to Professional|edition=1|place=New York|publisher=Apress|year=2007|isbn= 10590598822978-1590598825|pages=469 |}}
▲* {{cite book| chapter-url=http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/databases/oracle-pl-sql/9780596805401|title=Oracle PL/SQL Programming| lastlast1=Feuerstein| firstfirst1=Steven|last2=Pribyl|first2=Bill ||place=Sebastopol|publisher=O'Reilly Media, Inc.|year=2009| pagesisbn= 9789780596514464|chapter=26|archive- 0date=2013- 59612- 5144625|access-date=2012-04- 420| isbnarchive-url= 9780596514464https://web.archive.org/web/20131225213946/http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/databases/oracle-pl-sql/9780596805401| chapterurl-status= 26dead}}
▲*{{cite book|url=http://218.92.71.5:1085/trebook/book/book36/2009986047703.pdf| lastlast1=Rahayu| firstfirst1=Wenny|last2=taniar|first2=David|last3=Pardede|first3=Eric|title=Object-Oriented Oracle| Placeplace=Hershey|publisher=IRM Press|year=2006|pages=345|isbn=1591406080 |access-date=2012-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223746/http://218.92.71.5:1085/trebook/book/book36/2009986047703.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-03|url-status=dead}}
==References==
== External sources ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120917012254/http://elearning.algonquincollege.com/coursemat/dat2355d/oracle-oo.html Examples of O-Pl/SQL]
▲* Another example of stored procedure in Java embedded in Oracle Documentation <ref: name="{{anchor|ORA2 ">}}{{cite web|url=http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/java.102/b14187/chthree.htm#CACFGDCI|title=Calling Java Methods in Oracle Database| publishedpublisher=Oracle| accessdateaccess-date=20 April 2012}} </ref>
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