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| name = F#
| logo = F Sharp logo.svg
|
| logo caption =
|
| family = [[ML (programming language)|ML]]: [[Caml]]: [[OCaml]]
| designer = [[Don Syme]], [[Microsoft Research]]
| developer = [[Microsoft]], [[F Sharp Software Foundation|The F# Software Foundation]]
| released = {{Start date and age|2005}}, version 1.0
| latest_release_version = {{wikidata|property|reference|edit| Q648619 |P348}}
|
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| typing = [[Static typing|Static]], [[Strong and weak typing|strong]], [[Type inference|inferred]]
| implementations =
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| influenced = [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]],<ref>for async</ref> [[Elm (programming language)|Elm]], [[F* (programming language)|F*]], [[LiveScript (programming language)|LiveScript]]
| programming language =
| operating system = [[Cross-platform software|Cross-platform]]: [[.NET]] framework, [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
| license = [[MIT License|MIT]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/fsharp/fsharp/blob/master/License.txt |title=F# Software Foundation's License |website=[[GitHub]] |date=14 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/Microsoft/visualfsharp/blob/master/License.txt |title=Microsoft's F# License |website=[[GitHub]] |date=16 October 2021}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|https://fsharp.org/}}
{{URL|https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp}}
| wikibooks = F Sharp Programming
| file ext = .fs, .fsi, .fsx, .fsscript
}}
'''F#''' (pronounced '''F sharp''') is a [[General-purpose programming language|general-purpose]], [[High-level programming language|high-level]], [[Strong and weak typing|strongly typed]], [[Programming paradigm#Multi-paradigm|multi-paradigm]] [[programming language]] that encompasses [[functional programming|functional]], [[imperative programming|imperative]], and [[object-oriented programming]] methods. It is most often used as a [[Cross-platform software|cross-platform]] [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) language on [[.NET]], but can also generate [[JavaScript]]<ref name="js">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org/use/web-apps/ |title=Using F# for Web Applications |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> and [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU) code.<ref name="gpgpu">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org/use/gpu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225110926/http://fsharp.org/use/gpu/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-12-25 |title=Using F# for GPU Programming |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>
F# is developed by the [[F Sharp Software Foundation|F# Software Foundation]],<ref name="fsharporg">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org |title=The F# Software Foundation |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] and open contributors. An [[Open-source software|open source]], cross-platform compiler for F# is available from the F# Software Foundation.<ref name="fsharposg">{{cite web |url=https://fsharp.github.io/ |title=F# Compiler (open source edition) @ github |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2012-11-24 |archive-date=2013-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517105109/http://fsharp.github.io/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> F# is a fully supported language in [[Microsoft Visual Studio|Visual Studio]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/fsharp-visual-studio |title=Develop with Visual F# in Visual Studio |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> and [[JetBrains#IDEs|JetBrains Rider]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jetbrains.com/help/rider/F_Sharp.html |title=F# |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> [[Plug-in (computing)|Plug-ins]] supporting F# exist for many widely used editors including [[Visual Studio Code]], [[Vim (text editor)|Vim]], and [[Emacs]].
F# is a member of the [[ML (programming language)|ML]] language family and originated as a [[.NET Framework]] implementation of a core of the programming language [[OCaml]].<ref name="historyMSR"/><ref name="ocamlOrigins"/> It has also been influenced by [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]],
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===Versions===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! F#<br/>version
! Language specification
! Date
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! [[Runtime system|Runtime]]
|-
|
|
| May 2005<ref>{{cite web|last=Syme|first=Don|title=F# 1.0.8 released|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dsyme/archive/2005/05/21/420795.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 7, 2014}}</ref>
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|[[.NET Framework|.NET]] 1.0 - 3.5
|-
|
| [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/index.html#f-20 August 2010]
| April 2010<ref>{{cite web|last=Syme|first=Don|title=F# 2.0 released as part of Visual Studio 2010|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dsyme/archive/2010/04/12/f-2-0-released-as-part-of-visual-studio-2010.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 7, 2014}}</ref>
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|[[.NET Framework|.NET]] 2.0 - 4.0, [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
|-
|
| [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/index.html#f-30 November 2012]
| August 2012<ref>{{cite web|last=Zander|first=Jason|title=Visual Studio 2012 and .NET Framework 4.5 released to the web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/jasonz/archive/2012/08/15/visual-studio-2012-and-net-framework-4-5-released-to-the-web.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 7, 2014}}</ref>
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|[[.NET Framework|.NET]] 2.0 - 4.5, [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
|-
|
| [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/index.html#f-31 November 2013]
| October 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Visual Studio 2013 released to web|date=17 October 2013 |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/visualstudio/archive/2013/10/17/visual-studio-2013-released-to-web.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 7, 2014}}</ref>
|[[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]];<br/>[[JavaScript]],<ref name="js"/> [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/>
|[[.NET Framework|.NET]] 2.0 - 4.5, [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
|-
|
| [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/index.html#f-40 January 2016]
| July 2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcing the RTM of Visual F# 4.0|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dotnet/archive/2015/07/20/announcing-the-rtm-of-visual-f-4-0.aspx|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 15, 2015}}</ref>
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|<!-- [[.NET Framework|.NET]] 2.0 - 4.5, [[Mono (software)|Mono]] -->
|-
|
| [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/index.html#f-41 May 2018]
|March 2017<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2017/03/07/announcing-f-4-1-and-the-visual-f-tools-for-visual-studio-2017-2/|title=Announcing F# 4.1 and the Visual F# Tools for Visual Studio 2017|access-date=2017-03-08|language=en-US}}</ref>
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|[[.NET Framework|.NET]] 3.5 - 4.6.2, [[.NET]], [[Mono (software)|Mono]]
|-
|
|
|August 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcing F# 4.5|date=14 August 2018|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/dotnet/2018/08/14/announcing-f-4-5/|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=August 14, 2018}}</ref>
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| [[.NET Framework|.NET]] 4.5 - 4.7.2,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nuget.org/packages/FSharp.Core/4.5.0|title=FSharp.Core 4.5.0}}</ref> [[.NET]] Core SDK 2.1.400<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET Core 2.1 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/2.1|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=May 13, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|March 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcing F# 4.6|date=29 March 2019|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-f-4-6/|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=March 29, 2019}}</ref>
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| [[.NET Framework|.NET]] 4.5 - 4.7.2,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nuget.org/packages/FSharp.Core/4.6.0|title=FSharp.Core 4.6.0}}</ref> [[.NET]] Core SDK 2.2.300<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET Core 2.2 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/2.2|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=May 13, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|September 2019<ref>{{cite web|title=Announcing F# 4.7|date=23 September 2019|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-f-4-7/|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=September 23, 2019}}</ref>
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| [[.NET Framework|.NET]] 4.5 - 4.8,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nuget.org/packages/FSharp.Core/4.7.0|title=FSharp.Core 4.7.0}}</ref> [[.NET]] Core SDK 3.0.100<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET Core 3.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/3.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=May 13, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|November 2020<ref name="blogs.msdn.microsoft.com2">{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-f-5/|title=Announcing F# 5|date=November 10, 2020}}</ref>
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| [[.NET]] SDK 5.0.100<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET 5.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/5.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=May 13, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|November 2021<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/fsharp-6-is-officially-here/|title=F# 6 is officially here!|date=November 9, 2021}}</ref>
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[[JavaScript]],<ref name="js"/> [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/>
| [[.NET]] SDK 6.0.100<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET 6.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet/6.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=November 14, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|November 2022<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-fsharp-7/|title=Announcing F# 7|date=November 8, 2022}}</ref>
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[[JavaScript]],<ref name="js"/> [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/>
| [[.NET]] SDK 7.0.100<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET 7.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet/7.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=November 8, 2022}}</ref>
|-
|
|
|November 2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/announcing-fsharp-8/|title=Announcing F# 8|date=November 14, 2023}}</ref>
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[[JavaScript]],<ref name="js"/> [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/>
| [[.NET]] SDK 8.0.100<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET 8.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet/8.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=November 14, 2023}}</ref>
|-
| 9.0
|
|November 2024<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/whats-new/fsharp-9|title=What's new in F# 9|date=November 12, 2024}}</ref>
|[[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]],
[[JavaScript]],<ref name="js"/> [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/>
| [[.NET]] SDK 9.0.0<ref>{{cite web|title=Download .NET 9.0 (Linux, macOS, and Windows)|url=https://dotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/download/dotnet/9.0|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=January 13, 2025}}</ref>
|}
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Earlier versions of the F# language were designed by [[Microsoft]] and [[Microsoft Research]] using a closed development process.
F# was first included in Visual Studio in the [[
F# originates from Microsoft Research, Cambridge, UK. The language was originally designed and implemented by [[Don Syme]],<ref name="historyMSR">{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/f-at-microsoft-research/ |title=F# Historical Acknowledgements |website=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref> according to whom in the fsharp team, they say the F is for "Fun".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.networkworld.com/article/2271225/software/the-a-z-of-programming-languages--f-.html |title=The A-Z of programming languages: F# |last1=Edwards |first1=Kathryn |date=23 December 2008 |website=
Andrew Kennedy contributed to the design of
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Summary of versions
|-
! F#<br/>version
|-
!
|valign="top"|
* Functional programming
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* Modules (no functors)
* Nested modules
* .NET
|-
!
|
* Active patterns
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* Computation expressions
|-
!
|
* Type providers
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* Provided units-of-measure
|-
!
|
* Named union type fields
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* Type inference enhancements
|-
!
|
* Printf on unitized values
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* Params dictionaries
|-
!
|
* Struct tuples which inter-operate with C# tuples
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* Support for 'fixed'
|-
!
|
* Versioning alignment of binary, package, and language
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* Enumeration cases emitted as public
|-
!
|
* Anonymous record types
|-
!
|
* Implicit yields
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* Open static classes
|-
!
|
* FSharp.Core now targets netstandard2.0 only
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* Improved compiler analysis for library authors
|-
!
|
* Tasks
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* “as” patterns
* Indentation syntax revisions
*
*
* Implicit integer conversions
* First-class support for .NET-style implicit conversions
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* InlineIfLambda optimizer directive
* Resumable code
*
* Map has Keys and Values
*
*
* Informational warnings for rarely used symbolic operators
|-
!
|
* Static abstract members support in interfaces
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* Parallel type-checking and project-checking support (experimental, can be enabled via VS setting, or by tooling authors)
* Miscellaneous bugfixes and improvements.
|-
!
|
* _.Property shorthand for (fun x -> x.Property)
* Nested record field copy and update
* while! (while bang) feature <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/simplifying-fsharp-computations-with-the-new-while-keyword/ |title=Simplifying F# computations with the new 'while!' keyword' |
* Extended string interpolation syntax
* Use and compose string literals for printf and related functions
* Arithmetic operators in literals
* Type constraint intersection syntax
* Extended fixed binding
* Easier [<Extension>] method definition
* Static members in interfaces
* Static let in discriminated unions, records, structs, and types without primary constructors
* try-with
* Recursive calls and yield! within exception handler
* Tail call attribute
* [<Struct>] unions can now have > 49 cases
* Strict indentation rules
* New diagnostics from the compiler
* Switches for compiler parallelization
|-
! 9.0<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/whats-new/fsharp-9|title=What's new in F# 9| date=12 November 2024}}</ref>
|
* Nullable reference types
* Discriminated union .Is* properties
* Partial active patterns can return bool instead of unit option
* Prefer extension methods to intrinsic properties when arguments are provided
* Empty-bodied computation expressions
* Hash directives are allowed to take non-string arguments
* Extended #help directive in fsi to show documentation in the REPL
* Allow #nowarn to support the FS prefix on error codes to disable warnings
* Warning about TailCall attribute on non-recursive functions or let-bound values
* Enforce attribute targets
* Updates to the standard library (FSharp.Core)
* Developer productivity improvements
* Performance improvements
* Improvements in tooling
|}
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* [[List comprehension]]
* [[Monad (functional programming)|Monad]] pattern support (called ''computation expressions''<ref>{{Cite web|title=F Sharp Programming/Computation Expressions - Wikibooks, open books for an open world|url=https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/F_Sharp_Programming/Computation_Expressions|access-date=2022-01-21|website=en.wikibooks.org|language=en}}</ref>)
* [[Tail call|Tail
F# is an expression-based language using [[eager evaluation]] and also in some instances [[lazy evaluation]]. Every statement in F#,
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Age : int }
</syntaxhighlight>
Records can be created as {{code|lang=fsharp|code=let r = { Name="AB"; Age=42 } }}. The <code>with</code> keyword is used to create a copy of a record, as in {{code|lang=fsharp|code={ r with Name="CD" } }}, which creates a new record by copying <code>r</code> and changing the value of the <code>Name</code> field (assuming the record created in the last example was named <code>r</code>).
A [[tagged union|discriminated union]] type is a [[type-safe]] version of [[union (computer science)|C unions]]. For example,
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forms a sequence of squares of numbers from 0 to 14 by filtering out numbers from the range of numbers from 0 to 25. Sequences are [[Generator (computer programming)|generators]] – values are generated on-demand (i.e., are [[lazy evaluation|lazily evaluated]]) – while lists and arrays are evaluated eagerly.
F# uses [[pattern matching]] to bind values to names. Pattern matching is also used when accessing discriminated unions – the union is value matched against pattern rules and a rule is selected when a match succeeds. F# also supports ''
F# supports a general syntax for defining compositional computations called ''{{visible anchor|computation expressions}}''. Sequence expressions, asynchronous computations and queries are particular kinds of computation expressions. Computation expressions are an implementation of the [[monad (functional programming)|monad]] pattern.<ref name="seq">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/dsyme/archive/2007/09/22/some-details-on-f-computation-expressions-aka-monadic-or-workflow-syntax.aspx |title=Some Details on F# Computation Expressions |access-date=2007-12-14}}</ref>
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Like other [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) languages, F# can use CLI types through object-oriented programming.<ref name="overview"/> F# support for object-oriented programming in expressions includes:
* Dot-notation, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=x.Name}}
* Object expressions, e.g., {{ code|lang=fsharp| code={ new obj() with member x.ToString() = "hello" } }}
* Object construction, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=new Form()}}
* Type tests, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=x :? string}}
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[[Inversion of control]] in F# follows this pattern.<ref name="aw"/>
Since version 6.0, F# supports creating, consuming and returning .NET tasks directly. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/language-reference/task-expressions | title=Task Expressions| date=19 April 2022|access-date=2023-01-15}}</ref>
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">
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The F# type system supports [[Units of measurement|units of measure]] checking for numbers.<ref name="units-msdn">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd233243.aspx |title=Units of Measure (F#) |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref>
In F#, you can assign units of measure, such as meters or kilograms, to floating point, unsigned integer<ref name="units extended">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/fsharp/fslang-design/blob/main/FSharp-6.0/FS-1091-Extend-Units-of-Measure.md| title=Extend Units of Measure to Include More Numeric Types | website=[[GitHub]] }}</ref> and signed integer values. This allows the compiler to check that arithmetic involving these values is dimensionally consistent, helping to prevent common programming mistakes by ensuring that, for instance, lengths aren't mistakenly added to times.
The units of measure feature integrates with F# type inference to require minimal type annotations in user code.<ref name="units">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/andrewkennedy/archive/2008/08/29/units-of-measure-in-f-part-one-introducing-units.aspx |title=Units of Measure in F#: Part One, Introducing Units |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref>
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</syntaxhighlight>
===Metaprogramming===
F# allows some forms of syntax customizing via [[metaprogramming]] to support embedding custom [[___domain-specific language]]s within the F# language, particularly through computation expressions.<ref name="overview"/>
F# includes a feature for run-time meta-programming called quotations.<ref name="quotations">{{cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd233212.aspx |title=Code Quotations (F#) |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> A quotation expression evaluates to an abstract syntax tree representation of the F# expressions. Similarly, definitions labelled with the <code>[<ReflectedDefinition>]</code> attribute can also be accessed in their quotation form. F# quotations are used for various purposes including to compile F# code into [[JavaScript]]<ref name="js"/> and [[Graphics processing unit|GPU]]<ref name="gpgpu"/> code.
===Information-rich programming===
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===Agent programming===
F# supports a variation of the [[Actor model|
<syntaxhighlight lang="fsharp">
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* [[Visual Studio Code]] contains full support for F# via the [http://ionide.io/ Ionide extension].
* F# can be developed with any text editor. Specific support exists in editors such as [[Emacs]].
* [[JetBrains]] Rider is optimized for the development of F# Code starting with release 2019.1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rider 2019.1 Kicks off its Early Access Program!|author=Alexander Kurakin |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://blog.jetbrains.com/dotnet/2019/03/15/rider-2019-1-kicks-off-early-access-program/}}</ref>
* [[LINQPad]] has supported F# since version 2.x.{{whose|date=May 2022}}
===Comparison of integrated development environments===
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The [https://safe-stack.github.io/ SAFE Stack] is an end-to-end F# stack to develop web applications. It uses [[ASP.NET Core]] on the server side and [https://fable.io Fable] on the client side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fable.io/|title=Fable: JavaScript you can be proud of!|website=fable.io|access-date=2017-12-09}}</ref>
===Cross-platform app development===
F# can be used together with the [https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/xamarin/ Visual Studio Tools for Xamarin] to develop apps for [[iOS]] and [[Android (operating system)|Android]]. The [https://
=== Analytical programming ===
Among others, F# is used for quantitative finance programming,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail.aspx?casestudyid=4000006794 |title=Microsoft Case Studies:Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 - Financial Services Firm |website=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> energy trading and portfolio optimization,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/dsyme/archive/2011/01/12/f-for-energy-trading-and-energy-portfolio-optimization.aspx |title=F# for Energy Trading and Portfolio Optimization |access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> machine learning,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/casestudies/Case_Study_Detail.aspx?CaseStudyID=4000005226 |title=Microsoft Case Study: Grange Insurance |website=[[Microsoft]] |access-date=2012-11-25}}</ref> business intelligence<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1362702.1362709&coll=ACM&dl=ACM&type=series&idx=SERIES824%25E2%2588%2582=series&WantType=Proceedings&title=ICFP |chapter=Learning with F# |doi=10.1145/1362702.1362709 |access-date=2012-11-25|title=Proceedings of the 4th ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Commercial users of functional programming - CUFP '07 |year=2007 |last1=Trelford |first1=Phil
In the 2010s, F# has been positioned as an optimized alternative to [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]]. F#'s scripting ability and inter-language compatibility with all Microsoft products have made it popular among developers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fsharp.org/testimonials/ |title=F# Developer Testimonials |access-date=May 25, 2021}}</ref>
===Scripting===
F# can be used as a scripting language, mainly for desktop [[read–eval–print loop]] (REPL) scripting.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/archive/blogs/chrsmith/scripting-in-f |title=Scripting in F# |date=12 September 2008 |access-date=2020-01-17}}</ref>
==Open-source community==
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{{Wikibooks|F Sharp Programming}}
* {{Official website|https://fsharp.org/}} The F# Software Foundation
* [https://fsharp.github.io The F# Open Source Group at GitHub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517105109/http://fsharp.github.io/ |date=2013-05-17 }}
* [https://fsharp.net/ The Visual F# Developer Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119161341/http://www.fsharp.net/ |date=2008-11-19}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121130163443/http://www.tryfsharp.org/ Try F#, for learning F# in a web browser]
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* [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/fsharpteam/ The Visual F# team blog]
* [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/f-at-microsoft-research/ The original Microsoft Research website for F#]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715231625/http://www.ctocorner.com/fsharp/book/default.aspx The F# Survival Guide, Dec 2009 (Web-based book)]
* [http://fsharp.org/specs/language-spec/ The F# Language Specification]
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* [http://opcoast.com/demos/fsharp/index.html A tutorial showing the ''process'' of reaching a functional design; includes test and parallel coding]
{{ML programming}}
{{.NET Framework}}
{{Common Language Infrastructure}}
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[[Category:.NET programming languages]]
[[Category:Cross-platform free software]]
[[Category:High-level programming languages]]
[[Category:Functional languages]]
[[Category:Microsoft free software]]
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[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]
[[Category:Statically typed programming languages]]
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