F Sharp (programming language): Difference between revisions

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'''F#''' (pronounced '''F sharp''') is a [[General-purpose programming language|general-purpose]], [[High-level programming language|high-level]], [[Strong and weak typing|strongly typed]], [[Programming paradigm#Multi-paradigm|multi-paradigm]] [[programming language]] that encompasses [[functional programming|functional]], [[imperative programming|imperative]], and [[object-oriented programming]] methods. It is most often used as a [[Cross-platform software|cross-platform]] [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) language on [[.NET]], but can also generate [[JavaScript]]<ref name="js">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org/use/web-apps/ |title=Using F# for Web Applications |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> and [[graphics processing unit]] (GPU) code.<ref name="gpgpu">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org/use/gpu/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225110926/http://fsharp.org/use/gpu/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-12-25 |title=Using F# for GPU Programming |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2019-12-25}}</ref>

F# is developed by the [[F Sharp Software Foundation|F# Software Foundation]],<ref name="fsharporg">{{cite web |url=http://fsharp.org |title=The F# Software Foundation |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref> [[Microsoft]] and open contributors. An [[Open-source software|open source]], cross-platform compiler for F# is available from the F# Software Foundation.<ref name="fsharposg">{{cite web |url=https://fsharp.github.io/ |title=F# Compiler (open source edition) @ github |author=The F# Software Foundation |access-date=2012-11-24 |archive-date=2013-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517105109/http://fsharp.github.io/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> F# is a fully supported language in [[Microsoft Visual Studio|Visual Studio]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/ide/fsharp-visual-studio |title=Develop with Visual F# in Visual Studio |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> and [[JetBrains#IDEs|JetBrains Rider]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jetbrains.com/help/rider/F_Sharp.html |title=F# |access-date=2020-07-30}}</ref> [[Plug-in (computing)|Plug-ins]] supporting F# exist for many widely used editors including [[Visual Studio Code]], [[Vim (text editor)|Vim]], and [[Emacs]].

F# is a member of the [[ML (programming language)|ML]] language family and originated as a [[.NET Framework]] implementation of a core of the programming language [[OCaml]].<ref name="historyMSR"/><ref name="ocamlOrigins"/> It has also been influenced by [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]],

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* New diagnostics from the compiler

* Switches for compiler parallelization

|-

! 9.0<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/fsharp/whats-new/fsharp-9|title=What's new in F# 9| date=12 November 2024}}</ref>

|

* Nullable reference types

* Discriminated union .Is* properties

* Partial active patterns can return bool instead of unit option

* Prefer extension methods to intrinsic properties when arguments are provided

* Empty-bodied computation expressions

* Hash directives are allowed to take non-string arguments

* Extended #help directive in fsi to show documentation in the REPL

* Allow #nowarn to support the FS prefix on error codes to disable warnings

* Warning about TailCall attribute on non-recursive functions or let-bound values

* Enforce attribute targets

* Updates to the standard library (FSharp.Core)

* Developer productivity improvements

* Performance improvements

* Improvements in tooling

|}

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Age : int }

</syntaxhighlight>

Records can be created as {{code|lang=fsharp|code=let r = { Name="AB"; Age=42 } }}. The <code>with</code> keyword is used to create a copy of a record, as in {{code|lang=fsharp|code={ r with Name="CD" } }}, which creates a new record by copying <code>r</code> and changing the value of the <code>Name</code> field (assuming the record created in the last example was named <code>r</code>).

A [[tagged union|discriminated union]] type is a [[type-safe]] version of [[union (computer science)|C unions]]. For example,

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Like other [[Common Language Infrastructure]] (CLI) languages, F# can use CLI types through object-oriented programming.<ref name="overview"/> F# support for object-oriented programming in expressions includes:

* Dot-notation, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=x.Name}}

* Object expressions, e.g., {{ code|lang=fsharp| code={ new obj() with member x.ToString() = "hello" } }}

* Object construction, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=new Form()}}

* Type tests, e.g., {{code|lang=fsharp|code=x :? string}}

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The [https://safe-stack.github.io/ SAFE Stack] is an end-to-end F# stack to develop web applications. It uses [[ASP.NET Core]] on the server side and [https://fable.io Fable] on the client side.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fable.io/|title=Fable: JavaScript you can be proud of!|website=fable.io|access-date=2017-12-09}}</ref>

An alternativeAlternative end-to-end F# optionoptions isinclude the [[WebSharper]] framework and the Oxpecker framework.<ref name="websharper">{{cite web |url=http://websharper.com |title=WebSharper home |author=Intellifactory |access-date=2012-11-24}}</ref>

===Cross-platform app development===

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{{Wikibooks|F Sharp Programming}}

* {{Official website|https://fsharp.org/}} The F# Software Foundation

* [https://fsharp.github.io The F# Open Source Group at GitHub] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517105109/http://fsharp.github.io/ |date=2013-05-17 }}

* [https://fsharp.net/ The Visual F# Developer Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119161341/http://www.fsharp.net/ |date=2008-11-19}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121130163443/http://www.tryfsharp.org/ Try F#, for learning F# in a web browser]