Model-based definition: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Annotating computer-aided design models}}

'''Model-based definition''' ('''MBD'''), sometimes '''digital product definition''', is the practice of using [[3D modeling|3D models]] (such as solid models, 3D [[Product and manufacturing information|PMI]] and associated metadata) within 3D [[computer-aided drafting|CAD]] software to define (provide specifications for) individual components and product assemblies. The types of information included are [[geometric dimensioning and tolerancing]] (GD&T), component level materials, assembly level [[bill of materials|bills of materials]], engineering configurations, design intent, etc. By contrast, other methodologies have historically required accompanying use of 2D [[engineering drawing]]s to provide such details.<ref>[http://model-based-enterprise.org/Docs/MIL-STD-31000A%20released%20on%20ASSIST%203%2013%202013.pdf "MIL-STD-31000 Rev A"], p36, 26 February 2013. Retrieved on 23 April 2015.</ref>

{{Hatnote|Model-based definition of physical objects is not to be confused with [[model-based design]] of software.}}

'''Model-based definition''' ('''MBD'''), sometimes called '''digital product definition''' ('''DPD'''), is the practice of using [[3D modeling|3D models]] (such as [[solid modelsmodel]]s, 3D [[Product and manufacturing information|PMI]] and associated metadata) within 3D [[computer-aided drafting|CAD]] software to define (provide specifications for) individual components and product assemblies. The types of information included are [[geometric dimensioning and tolerancing]] (GD&T), component level materials, assembly level [[bill of materials|bills of materials]], engineering configurations, design intent, etc. By contrast, other methodologies have historically required accompanying use of 2D [[engineering drawing]]s to provide such details.<ref>[http://model-based-enterprise.org/Docs/MIL-STD-31000A%20released%20on%20ASSIST%203%2013%202013.pdf "MIL-STD-31000 Rev A"], p36, 26 February 2013. Retrieved on 23 April 2015.</ref>

==Use of the 3D digital data set==

Modern 3D CAD applications allow for the insertion of engineering information such as dimensions, GD&T, notes and other product details within the 3D digital data set for components and assemblies. MBD uses such capabilities to establish the 3D digital data set as the source of these specifications and design authority for the product. The 3D digital data set may contain enough information to manufacture and inspect product without the need for [[engineering drawings]]. Engineering drawings have traditionally contained such information.<ref>Thilmany, Jean, [https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/design/digital-tolerance "Digital Tolerance"], "MBD is a method of annotating computer-aided design models with geometric and tolerancing information that allows engineers to draw directly onto a 3-D model.", ASME.org, March 2011. Retrieved on 23 April 2015.</ref>

In many instances, use of some information from 3D digital data set (e.g., the solid model) allows for [[rapid prototyping]] of product via various processes, such as [[3D printing]]. A manufacturer may be able to feed 3D digital data directly to manufacturing devices such as [[Numerical control|CNC machines]] to manufacture the final product.{{Citation needed|reason=is this actually happening, or is you use of "may be able to" literal|date=November 2017}}

==Limited Dimension Drawing==

'''Limited Dimension Drawing''' ('''LDD'''), sometimes '''Reduced Dimension Drawing''', are 2D drawings that only contain critical information, noting that all missing information is to be taken from an associated 3D model.<ref>{{cite book |date=2004 |title=Mechanical Tolerance Stackup |publisher=CRC Press |page=5 |isbn=978-0-203-02119-4 |first1=Bryan R. |last1=Fischer }}</ref> For companies in transition to '''MBD''' from traditional 2D documentation a Limited Dimension Drawing allows for referencing 3D geometry while retaining a 2D drawing that can be used in existing corporate procedures. Only limited information is placed on the 2D drawing and then a note is placed to notify manufactures they must build off the 3D model for any dimensions not found on the 2D drawing.{{fact|date=July 2018}}

==Standardization==

In 2003, [[ASME]] published the [[ASME Y14.41-2003]] ''Digital Product Definition Data Practices'', which was revised in 2012 asand [[ASMEagain Y14.41-2012]]in 2019. The standard provides for the use of many MBD aspects, such as GD&T display and other annotation behaviors within the3D solidmodelling modelenvironment. [[ISO- 16792<ref>{{cite web |date=2015 |title=ISO 16792 Technical product documentation — Digital product definition data practices|url=https:2006]]//www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:16792:ed-2:v1:en}}</ref> standardizes MBD within the ISO standards, sharing many similarities with the ASME standard. Other standards, such as ISO 1101:2004 and of AS9100 also make use of MBD.

In 2013, the [[United States Department of Defense]] released [[MIL-STD-31000]] Revision A to codify the use of MBD as a requirement for [[Technical data package|technical data packages]] (TDP).

==See also==

* [[ASME Y14.41]]

* [[CAD standards]]

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==External links==

* [http://www.designworldonline.com/articles/3106/245/3D-CAD-and-Model-centric-design.aspx Model-centric Design, Design World, 2008]

*{{cite web |first1=Nikunj |last1=Patel |date=February 2, 2016 |title=The Argument Against Model-Based Definition |work=Design News |url=https://www.designnews.com/alternative-energy/argument-against-model-based-definition/168376069946371 }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1115/1.4034625 |pmid=28070155 |pmc=5215895 |title=Promoting Model-Based Definition to Establish a Complete Product Definition |journal=Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering |volume=139 |issue=5 |pages=051008 |year=2016 |last1=Ruemler |first1=Shawn P |last2=Zimmerman |first2=Kyle E |last3=Hartman |first3=Nathan W |last4=Hedberg |first4=Thomas |last5=Barnard Feeny |first5=Allison }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.compind.2010.01.005 |title=Will Model-based Definition replace engineering drawings throughout the product lifecycle? A global perspective from aerospace industry |journal=Computers in Industry |volume=61 |issue=5 |pages=497–508 |year=2010 |last1=Quintana |first1=Virgilio |last2=Rivest |first2=Louis |last3=Pellerin |first3=Robert |last4=Venne |first4=Frédérick |last5=Kheddouci |first5=Fawzi }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/16864360.2018.1462569 |title=Towards an extended model-based definition for the digital twin |journal=Computer-Aided Design and Applications |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=880–91 |year=2018 |last1=Miller |first1=Alexander Mcdermott |last2=Alvarez |first2=Ramon |last3=Hartman |first3=Nathan |doi-access=free }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.664 |title=Implementations of Model Based Definition and Product Lifecycle Management Technologies: A Case Study in Chinese Aeronautical Industry |journal=IFAC-PapersOnLine |volume=49 |issue=12 |pages=485–90 |year=2016 |last1=Zhu |first1=Wenhua |last2=Bricogne |first2=Matthieu |last3=Durupt |first3=Alexandre |last4=Remy |first4=Sébastien |last5=Li |first5=Baorui |last6=Eynard |first6=Benoit |doi-access=free }}

*{{cite book |doi=10.1115/MSEC2017-2979 |chapter=Towards Identifying the Elements of a Minimum Information Model for Use in a Model-Based Definition |title=Volume 3: Manufacturing Equipment and Systems |page=V003T04A017 |no-pp=yes |year=2017 |last1=Miller |first1=Alexander Mcdermott |last2=Hartman |first2=Nathan W |last3=Hedberg |first3=Thomas |last4=Barnard Feeney |first4=Allison |last5=Zahner |first5=Jesse |isbn=978-0-7918-5074-9 }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s40192-017-0102-7 |title=Making the Case for a Model-Based Definition of Engineering Materials |journal=Integrating Materials and Manufacturing Innovation |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=249–63 |year=2017 |last1=Furrer |first1=David U |last2=Dimiduk |first2=Dennis M |last3=Cotton |first3=James D |last4=Ward |first4=Charles H |doi-access=free }}

*{{cite conference |first1=Pekka |last1=Uski |first2=Antti |last2=Pulkkinen |first3=Kari T. |last3=Koskinen |title=Can a sheet metal product be manufactured without drawings? – Product lifecycle's point of view |url=https://tutcris.tut.fi/portal/files/9023335/Proceedings_of_the_1st_Annual_SMACC_reserch_Seminar_2016_v4.pdf#page=110 |pages=109–11 |editor1-first=Jussi |editor1-last=Aaltonen |editor2-first=Riikka |editor2-last=Virkkunen |editor3-first=Kari T. |editor3-last=Koskinen |editor4-first=Risto |editor4-last=Kuivanen |year=2016 |conference=Proceedings of the 1st Annual SMACC Research Seminar 2016 |___location=Tampere |publisher=Tampere University of Technology |isbn=978-952-15-3832-2 }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.compind.2011.10.003 |title=Re-engineering the Engineering Change Management process for a drawing-less environment |journal=Computers in Industry |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=79–90 |year=2012 |last1=Quintana |first1=Virgilio |last2=Rivest |first2=Louis |last3=Pellerin |first3=Robert |last4=Kheddouci |first4=Fawzi }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.1080/00207543.2016.1213453 |pmid=27990027 |pmc=5155444 |title=Identified research directions for using manufacturing knowledge earlier in the product life cycle |journal=International Journal of Production Research |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=819–827 |year=2016 |last1=Hedberg |first1=Thomas D |last2=Hartman |first2=Nathan W |last3=Rosche |first3=Phil |last4=Fischer |first4=Kevin }}

*{{cite journal |doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.863.368 |title=Development of CAD Model Annotation System Based on Design Intent |journal=Applied Mechanics and Materials |volume=863 |pages=368–72 |year=2017 |last1=Ma |first1=Qin Yi |last2=Song |first2=Li Hua |last3=Xie |first3=Da Peng |last4=Zhou |first4=Mao Jun |s2cid=114427127 }}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Model Based Definition}}