Program evaluation and review technique: Difference between revisions

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== Overview ==

PERT is a method of analyzing the tasks involved in completing a project, especially the time needed to complete each task, and to identify the minimum time needed to complete the total project. It incorporates uncertainty by making it possible to schedule a project while not knowing precisely the details and [[Duration (project management)|durations]] of all the activities. It is more event-oriented than start- and completion-oriented, and is used more for projects where time is the major constraint rather than cost. It is applied to very large-scale, one-time, complex, non-routine infrastructure projects, as well as [[R&D]] projects.

PERT offers a management tool,{{sfn|Kerzner|2009}}{{rp|497}} which relies "on arrow and node diagrams of ''activities'' and ''events'': arrows represent the ''activities'' or work necessary to reach the ''events'' or nodes that indicate each completed phase of the total project."<ref name="MB 1968" />

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==History==

PERT was developed primarily to simplify the planning and scheduling of large and complex projects. It was developed by the [[United States Navy Special Projects Office]], [[Lockheed Aircraft]], and [[Booz Allen Hamilton]] to support the Navy's [[Polaris missile]] project.<ref name="MRCW 1959">Malcolm, Donald G.; Roseboom, John H.; Clark, Charles E.; [[Willard Fazar|Fazar, Willard]]; "Application of a Technique for Research and Development Program Evaluation", ''Operations Research'', vol. 7, no. 5, September–October 1959, pp. 646–669</ref><ref name="byte198205">{{Cite magazine |lastlast1=Zimmerman |firstfirst1=Steve |last2=Conrad |first2=Leo M. |date=May 1982 |title=Programming PERT in BASIC |url=https://archive.org/details/eu_BYTE-1982-05_OCR/page/n466/mode/1up?view=theater |access-date=2024-12-29 |magazine=BYTE |pages=465-478465–478}}</ref> It found applications throughout industry. An early example is the [[1968 Winter Olympics]] in [[Grenoble]] which used PERT from 1965 until the opening of the 1968 Games.<ref>[http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1968/or1968.pdf 1968 Winter Olympics official report], p. 49. Accessed 1 November 2010. {{in lang|en|fr}}</ref> This project model was the first of its kind, a revival for the [[scientific management]] of Frederick Taylor and later refined by Henry Ford ([[Fordism]]). [[DuPont]]'s CPM was invented at roughly the same time as PERT.

[[File:PERT Summary Report Phase 2, 1958.jpg|thumb|upright|''PERT Summary Report Phase 2'', 1958]]

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[[Category:Booz Allen Hamilton]]

[[Category:Operations research]]

[[Category:Management cybernetics]]

[[Category:Engineering management]]

[[Category:Management science]]