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{{Short description|Dynamically typed, general-purpose programming language}}
{{infobox programming language
 
| logo = Ringlogo transparent.png
| paradigm = [[multi-paradigm programming language|Multi-paradigm]]: [[object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[imperative programming|imperative]], [[functional programming|functional]], [[procedural programming|procedural]], [[reflective programming|reflective]], [[Declarative programming|declarative]], [[natural language programming]]
| year = {{Start date and age|2016|01|25}}
| designer = [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]]<ref name="Springer">{{cite web |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bbm%3A978-1-4842-5833-0%2F1.pdf |title=A Dialogue with Mahmoud Fayed |author= M. Ayouni|date=29 July 2020 |publisher=[[Springer Nature|Springer]]}}</ref><ref name="AlinsenTV">{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/Alinsen.tv/videos/782854818918053/?t=33 |title=Alinsen TV channel introduce Ring as one of the inventions made in the Middle East |author= Alinsen TV channel Team|date=4 August 2020 |publisher=[[:ar::قناة الإنسان|Alinsen TV Channel]]}}</ref>
| developer = The Ring Development Team
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|edit|reference|P348}}
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| typing = [[dynamic typing|Dynamic]]
| influenced_by = [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[C (programming language)|C]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[BASIC]], [[QML]], [[xBase]], Supernova
| influenced = SimpleLang,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241222002813/https://simple-lang.sourceforge.io/home/ |title=The Simple programming language |author=Azeez Adewale}}</ref> DragonLang <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dragon-lang.org/ |title=The Dragon programming language |author= Aavesh Jilani}}</ref>
| programming language = [[C (programming language)|C]]
| operating_system = [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[Linux]] and [[macOS]]
| license = [[MIT License]]
| website = http{{URL|https://ring-lang.net}}
| file_ext = .ring, .rh, .rform
| wikibooks = Ring
}}
'''Ring''' is a [[dynamic programming language|dynamically typed]], [[general-purpose programming language]]. It can be embedded in C/C++ projects, extended using C/C++ code and/or used as a standalone language.<ref name="rangakrish">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809074142/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/08/07/first-encounter-with-the-ring-programming-language/ |title=First Encounter with the Ring Programming Language |author= Dr. Rangarajan Krishnamoorthy |date=7 August 2021 |publisher=rangakrish.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809074142/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/08/07/first-encounter-with-the-ring-programming-language/ |archive-date=2021-08-09 }}</ref> The supported [[programming paradigm]]s are [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Procedural programming|procedural]], [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Metaprogramming|meta]], [[Declarative programming|declarative]] using nested structures, and [[Natural-language programming|natural programming]].<ref name="BIMArabiaMagazine">{{cite web |url=httphttps://bimarabia.com/download/BIMarabia_Arabic/BIMarabia27.pdf#page=8 |title=The Ring programming language Review |author=Omar Selim |date=January 2018 |publisher=BIMArabia Magazine |access-date=2024-03-24 |archive-date=2023-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117130807/https://bimarabia.com/download/BIMarabia_Arabic/BIMarabia27.pdf |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref><ref name="YourWayToProgramming">{{cite web |url=https://ring-lang.sourceforgegithub.io/ref/ArabicBook_YourWayToProgramming_TalkAboutRing.pdf |title=Your way to programming (Arabic Book, Pages 56-57) talk about Ring |author=Ahmed Tartour |date=January 2020 |publisher=[[:ar::كتبنا (موقع ويب)|Kotobna]]}}</ref> The language is portable ([[Windows]], [[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]],<ref name="dotnetpro">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404171941/https://www.dotnetpro.de/diverses/sprachen/ring-flexibel-einfach-schnell-1571947.html |title=Ring: flexible, simple, fast |author= Bernhard Lauer |date=14 August 2018 |publisher=[[:de::Dotnetpro|Dotnetpro]]}}</ref> [[WebAssembly]],<ref name="InfoWorld">{{cite web |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3572395/ring-language-upgrade-focuses-on-webassembly.html |title=Ring language upgrade focuses on WebAssembly |author= Paul Krill|date=24 August 2020 |publisher=[[InfoWorld]]}}</ref> etc.)<ref>{{cite book |last=Ghanem |first=Mohamed |title=Developing Poet Software using Ring language |url= https://ring-lang.sourceforgegithub.io/ref/GhanemBookAboutRing.pdf |publisher=MetaBook (Egypt - Mansoura)|date=2021|isbn=978-977-6928-38-1 }}</ref> and can be used to create [[Console application|console]], [[Graphical user interface|GUI]], [[Web application|web]], [[PC game|game]] and [[mobile app]]lications.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.apress.com/gp/book/9781484258323|title=Beginning Ring Programming - From Novice to Professional {{!}} Mansour Ayouni {{!}} Apress|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Youm7 (Egyptian daily newspaper)">{{cite webnews |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2016/1/11/%D9%81%D9%89-25-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84-%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86/2532713 |title= Ring: A New programming language |author=Hany Salah |date=11 January 2016 |work=youm7.com |publisher=[[youm7]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webnews|title=Ring: A programming language developed by Arab|url=https://muslims-res.com/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8D-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%B1/|access-date=2020-09-28|websitenewspaper=muslims-res.comالباحثون المسلمون|author=Ahmed Mohammed Hassan|date=12 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite webnews|title=A book about the Ring programming language|url=https://muslims-res.com/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A9-ring-programming/|access-date=2020-09-28|websitenewspaper=muslims-res.comالباحثون المسلمون|author=Abedallah Salehani|date=18 March 2020 }}</ref>
 
==History==
[[File:Ringlang shot1.png|thumb|300px|Ring IDE (Ring Notepad - Form Designer)]]
In 2009, [[Mahmoud Samir Fayed]] created a minor [[___domain-specific language]] called Supernova that focuses on [[User interface|User interface (UI)]] creation and uses some ideas related to [[Natural-language programming|Natural Language Programming]], then he realized the need for a new language that is [[General-purpose language|general-purpose]] and can increase the [[productivity]] of natural language creation. Ring aims to offer a language focused on helping the developer with building natural interfaces and declarative DSLs.<ref name="Supernova1">{{cite web |url=https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.1623/faq.html |title=Ring Language - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) |author=Ring Team|date=September 2021 |publisher=Ring Team}}</ref><ref name="Supernova2">{{cite web |url=https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/66996/Supernova-Programming-Language |title=Supernova programming language |author=Fayed|date=April 2010 |publisher=[[Code Project]]}}</ref><ref name="Supernova3">{{cite web |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2011/12/24/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF/562415 |title=Supernova language by Egyptian programmer|author=Omnia|date=December 2011 |publisher=[[Youm7]]}}</ref><ref name="Softpedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.softpedia.com/get/Programming/Coding-languages-Compilers/Fayed-Ring.shtml |title=Ring 1.16 review |author= Softpedia Team|date=23 October 2021 |publisher=[[Softpedia]]}}</ref>
 
==Goals==
[[File:Ringlang shot6.png|thumb|300px|PWCT 2.0 (Android) - Under development using Ring]]
The general goals behind Ring:<ref name="Medium">{{cite web |url=https://medium.com/sitesonic/ring-programming-language-what-do-you-need-to-know-23c51b315e4d |title=Ring Programming Language: What Do You Need To Know? |author=Naveen Verma |date=14 Aug 2018 |publisher=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Youm7 Journal">{{cite webnews |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2018/5/29/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%89-%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1/3812107 |title= Progress in developing PWCT 2.0 using Ring|author=Mones Hawas |date=29 May 2018 |work=youm7.com |publisher=[[youm7]]}}</ref>
 
* Applications programming language.
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<pre>
load "stdlib.ring"
print("Hello, World!")
</pre>
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<pre>
ChangeRingKeyword See 手紙を出す
ChangeRingOperator + そして
改行 = nl
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ChangeRingKeyword 手紙を出す See // キーワードの復旧
ChangeRingOperator そして + // 演算子の復旧
</pre>
 
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<pre>
ChangeRingKeyword See إطبع
 
إطبع "Hello, World!"
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<syntaxhighlight lang="pascal" highlight="1,2,11,12">
ChangeRingKeyword func function
ChangeRingKeyword see write
begin = :begin
 
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</syntaxhighlight>
 
<ref name="helloworldstyles">{{cite web |url=https://www.codeproject.com/Tips/1222859/Different-styles-for-writing-Hello-World-program-i |title=Different styles for writing Hello World program in the Ring programming language |author=Rubin Liu |date=28 December 2017 |work=codeproject.com |publisher=[[Code Project]]}}</ref><ref name="Ring Programming Tutorial">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BqoQldx0Pk&list=PL8SruvH85P0uA8ggijCQUR9tXAXF4bmtu&index=2 |title=Ring programming tutorial |author=Roshan Ali |date=4 June 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.23/getting_started3.html | title=Getting Started - Third Style — Ring 1.23 documentation }}</ref>
 
===Loop command===
 
The Loop command can take an integer to apply the continue semantics to enclosing outer loops<ref name="rangakrish2">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323171354/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/08/21/loop-command-in-ring-programming-language/ |title="Loop" Command in Ring Programming Language |author= Dr. Rangarajan Krishnamoorthy |date=21 August 2021 |publisher=rangakrish.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323171354/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/08/21/loop-command-in-ring-programming-language/ |archive-date=2023-03-23 }}</ref>
 
<pre>
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</pre>
 
===Object-oriented orogrammingprogramming===
 
Ring supports object-oriented programming (classes, objects, composition, inheritance, encapsulation, etc.)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.1623/oop.html|title = Object Oriented Programming (OOP) — Ring 1.16 documentation}}</ref>
 
<pre>
new point { # Create new object from the Point class thethen access the objectit using braces
x=10 y=20 z=30 # Set the object attributes
print() # Call the print() method
} # end of object access using braces
class point # Define the class
x y z # Define the attributes (x,y,z)
func print # Define the print() method
? x + nl + y + nl + z # Print the attributes values (nl means printing a new line)
</pre>
 
In Ring classes can be defined at runtime using the Eval() function<ref name="rangakrish3">{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153208/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/09/04/ring-language-dynamic-behavior-of-classes-and-objects/ |title=Ring Language: Dynamic Behavior of Classes and Objects |author= Dr. Rangarajan Krishnamoorthy |date=4 September 2021 |publisher=rangakrish.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529153208/https://www.rangakrish.com/index.php/2021/09/04/ring-language-dynamic-behavior-of-classes-and-objects/ |archive-date=2023-05-29 }}</ref>
 
<pre>
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* RingZIP ([[Zip (file format)|zip file processing library]])
 
<ref name="Extensions3">{{cite web |url=https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1096942/Squares-Puzzle-using-RingAllegro |title=Squares Puzzle using RingAllegro |author=Majdi Sobain |date=2 May 2017 |work=codeproject.com |publisher=[[Code Project]]}}</ref>
 
===Libraries===
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===Documentation===
 
Ring is distributed with documentation written using [[Sphinx (documentation generator)|Sphinx]]. A Japanese translation of the documentation is also available.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ring-lang-081.osdn.jp/docs-1.16/index.html|title = ようこそ Ring 取扱説明書へ！ — プログラミング言語 Ring 1.16 取扱説明書|access-date=2021-10-30|archive-date=2021-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030103530/http://ring-lang-081.osdn.jp/docs-1.16/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==Reception==
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===Popularity===
 
Ring had a rapid rise and fall in popularity as measured by the [[TIOBE index|TIOBE Programming Community Index]]. In February 2018, Ring broke into the top 50 for the first time (position 45).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ |title=TIOBE Index &#124; TIOBE - the Software Quality Company |website=www.tiobe.com |access-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221113115/https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ |archive-date=21 February 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> As of October 2020, Ring holds position 93 on the TIOBE index.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Top 100 Programming Languages|url=https://www.bairesdev.com/blog/top-100-programming-languages/|access-date=2020-10-06|website=[[:es:BairesDev|BairesDev]]|author=Emma White|date=6 October 2020 }}</ref> Ring is listed by GitHub in the list of programming languages that are actively developed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/collections/programming-languages|title = Build software better, together|website = [[GitHub]]}}</ref>
 
===Criticism===
 
Ring critics pointed to some features in Ring that are not common in widely used programming languages.<ref name="Ciklum">{{cite web |url=https://www.ciklum.com/blog/new-programming-languages-a-hype-or-reality/ |title=New Programming Languages – A Hype Or Reality? |author=Ciklum |date=12 December 2017 |work=ciklum.com |publisher=[[Ciklum]] |access-date=1 February 2024 |archive-date=7 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207084845/https://www.ciklum.com/blog/new-programming-languages-a-hype-or-reality/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
 
* The list index starts from 1 instead of 0 (See: [[Zero-based numbering]])
* Implicit type conversions (See: [[Strong and weak typing#Implicit type conversions and "type punning"|Implicit type conversions and "type punning"]])
 
====The list index starts from 1 instead of 0====
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====Implicit type conversions====
 
The language can automatically convert between numbers and strings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ring-lang.github.io/doc1.1623/variables.html#implicit-conversion|title = Variables — Ring 1.1623 documentation}}</ref>
 
<pre>
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*[[Squirrel (programming language)|Squirrel]]
*[[Gambas]]
*[[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]
*[[Mojo (programming language)|Mojo]]
 
== References ==
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== Further reading ==
* GhanemFayed (20212025) ''[https://github.com/ring-lang.sourceforge.io/refring/GhanemBookAboutRingreleases/download/v1.23/RingDoc_1.23.pdf DevelopingThe PoetRing Softwareprogramming usinglanguage Ring- languageThe (Arabiccomplete Book)reference]'', MetaBook (Egypt - Mansoura)
* Fayed, Alohali. (2025) ''[https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1521 PWCT2: A Self-Hosting Visual Programming Language Based on Ring with Interactive Textual-to-Visual Code Conversion]'', [[Applied Sciences (journal)|Applied Sciences]]
* Fayed, Alohali. (2024) ''[https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/23/4627 Ring: A Lightweight and Versatile Cross-Platform Dynamic Programming Language Developed Using Visual Programming]'', [[Electronics (journal)|Electronics]]
* Ghanem (2021) ''[https://ring-lang.github.io/ref/GhanemBookAboutRing.pdf Developing Poet Software using Ring language (Arabic Book)]'', MetaBook (Egypt - Mansoura)
* Ayouni (2020) ''[https://www.apress.com/gp/book/9781484258323 Beginning Ring Programming]'', [[Springer Nature|Apress (part of Springer Nature)]]
* Hassouna (2019) ''[https://ring-lang.sourceforgegithub.io/ref/RingBasics_ArabicBook.pdf Ring Basics (Arabic Book)]'', [https://www.hassouna-academy.com/ringcourses Hassouna Academy]
* Sobain (2017) ''[http://ring-wincreg.sf.net/docs/ RingWinCReg Extension Documentation]'', [[SourceForge]]
* Fayed (2016) ''[https://www.codeproject.com/Articles/1089887/The-Ring-Programming-Language The Ring Programming Language]'', [[Code Project|CodeProject]]
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==External links==
{{Wikibooks|Ring}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHIfW1KZRIfl6KzfLziFl650MmThnQ0jT Arabic videos]
* [http://www.ring-lang.net/ Ring home page]
* [https://rosettacodeidrassi.orggithub.io/wikiMonoRing/Category:Ring RosettaCode samplesMonoRing]
* {{Official website|https://www.ring-lang.net/}}
* [http://ring-lang-081.osdn.jp/docs-1.16/index.html Ring Documentation (Japanese)]
* [https://ring-lang.github.io/web/formdesigner/project.html Online Form Designer (WebAssembly)]
* [https://store.steampowered.com/app/1953110/Programming_Without_Coding_Technology_20/ PWCT2 (Developed using Ring)]
* [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Category:Ring RosettaCode samples]
* [https://ring-lang.github.io/web/tryringonline/project.html Try Ring Online (WebAssembly)]
{{FOSS}}
{{Programming languages}}
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