Comparison of programming languages (strings): Difference between revisions

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{{Unreferenced|date=February 2009}}

{{ProgLangCompare}}

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===Common variants===

{| class="wikitable"

|-

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|-

| +

| [[ALGOL 68]], [[BASIC programming language|BASIC]], [[C++]], [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]], [[Cobra (programming language)|Cobra]], [[PascalDart (programming language)|PascalDart]], [[ObjectEiffel Pascal(programming language)|Eiffel]], [[EiffelF Sharp (programming language)|EiffelF#]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[JavaScript]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[PythonJavaScript]], [[Object Pascal]], [[Objective-C]], [[Pascal (programming language)|PythonPascal]], [[TuringPython (programming language)|TuringPython]], [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]], [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[WindowsScala PowerShell]],(programming [[Objective-Clanguage)|Scala]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]], [[F SharpTuring (programming language)|F#Turing]], [[ScalaWindows (programming language)|ScalaPowerShell]], Ya

|-

| ++

| [[HaskellErlang (programming language)|HaskellErlang]], [[Erlang (programming language)|ErlangHaskell]]

|-

| $+

| [[MIRCmIRC scripting language|mIRC Scripting Language]]

|-

| &

| [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[AppleScript]], [[COBOL]] (for literals only), [[Curl (programming language)|Curl]], [[Seed7Microsoft Excel|Excel]], [[VHDLFreeBASIC]], [[Visual BasicHyperTalk]], [[VisualNim Basic(programming .NETlanguage)|Nim]], [[MicrosoftSeed7]], Excel|Excel[[VHDL]], [[FreeBASICVisual Basic]], [[NimVisual (programmingBasic language)|Nim.NET]]

|-

| concatenate

| nconc

| [[Common Lisp]]

|-

| .

| [[Perl]]Autohotkey, [[PHP]], and [[Maple computer algebra system(software)|Maple]] (up to version 5), Autohotkey[[Perl]], [[PHP]]

|-

| ~

| [[RakuD (programming language)|RakuD]] and, [[DRaku (programming language)|DRaku]], [[Symfony]] (Expression Language component)

|-

| <nowiki>||</nowiki>

| [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]], Standard [[SQLMaple (software)|Maple]] (from version 6), [[PL/I]], [[Rexx]], andStandard [[Maple computer algebra system|MapleSQL]] (from version 6)

|-

| <>

| [[Mathematica]], [[Wolfram Language]], [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]]

|-

| ..

| [[Lua (programming language)|Lua]]

|-

| :

| [[Pick Basic]]

|-

| ,

| [[JAPL (programming language)|APL]], [[Smalltalk]], [[APLJ (programming language)|APLJ]], [[Smalltalk]]

|-

| ^

| [[OCamlF Sharp (programming language)|F#]], [[Standard MLOCaml]], [[F SharpRc (programmingUnix languageshell)|F#rc]], [[rcStandard ML]]

|-

| //

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===Unique variants===

* [[AwkAWK]] uses the empty string: two expressions adjacent to each other are concatenated. This is called [[Juxtaposition (literary)|juxtaposition]]. [[Unix shell]]s have a similar syntax. [[Rexx]] uses this syntax for concatenation including an intervening space.

* [[C (programming language)|C]] (along with [[Python (programming language)|Python]] and [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Built-in types |url=https://dart.dev/language/built-in-types/ |access-date=2025-07-22 |website=dart.dev |language=en}}</ref>) allows juxtaposition for string literals, however, for strings stored as [[Character (computing)|character]] [[Array data structure|arrays]], the <code>[[strcat]]</code> function must be used.

* [[COBOL]] uses the <code>STRING</code> statement to concatenate string variables.

* [[MATLAB]] and [[GNU Octave programming language|Octave]] use the syntax "<code>[x y]</code>" to concatenate x and y.

* [[Visual Basic]] and [[Visual Basic .NET]] can also use the "<code>+</code>" sign but at the risk of ambiguity if a string representing a number and a number are together.

* [[Microsoft Excel]] allows both "<code>&</code>" and the function "<code>=CONCATENATE(X,Y)</code>".

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|-

| <code>"Hello, $name!"</code>

| [[Bourne shell]], Dart, Perl, PHP, Windows PowerShell

|-

| <code>qq(Hello, $name!)</code>

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|-

| <code>"Hello, #{name}!"</code>

| CoffeeScript, Ruby, [[Elixir (programming language)|Elixir]]

|-

| <code>%Q(Hello, #{name}!)</code>

| Ruby (alternate)

|-

| <code>(format tnil "Hello, ~A" name)</code>

|[[Common Lisp]]

|-

| <code>`Hello, ${name}!`</code>

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|-

| <code>"I said \"Hello, world!\""</code>

| C, C++, C#, D, Dart, F#, Java, JavaScript, Mathematica, Ocaml, Perl, PHP, Python, Rust, Swift, Wolfram Language, Ya

|-

| {{nowrap|<code><nowiki>'I said \'Hello, world!\''</nowiki></code>}}

| CoffeeScript, Dart (alternate), JavaScript (alternate), Python (alternate)

|-

| <code>"I said `"Hello, world!`""</code>

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| FreeBASIC

|-

| {{nowrap|<code>r#"I said "Hello, world!""#</code>}}

|Rust (alternate)

|-

| {{nowrap|<code>R"("I said "Hello, world!")"</code>}}

|C++ (alternate)

|}

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|-

| <code>"I said ""Hello, world!"""</code>

| Ada, ALGOL 68, COBOL, Excel, Fortran, FreeBASIC, Visual Basic (.NET), FreeBASIC, COBOL

|-

| <code><nowiki>'I said ''Hello, world!'''</nowiki></code>

| Fortran, rcAPL, COBOL, SQLFortran, Object Pascal, Object Pascal, APLrc, Smalltalk, SQL

|}

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|-

| <code>'Hello, world!'</code>

| APL, Bourne shell, Fortran, Object Pascal, Pascal, Perl, PHP, Pick Basic, Ruby, Smalltalk, Windows PowerShell, Smalltalk

|-

| <code>q(Hello, world!)</code>

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|-

| <code>r"Hello, world!"</code>

| Cobra, D, Dart, Python, Rust

|-

| <code>r'Hello, world!'</code>

| Dart (alternate)

|-

| <code>"Hello, world!"</code>

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|-

! Syntax

! Here <br/>document

! Language(s)

|-

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and so little time to say them

EOF</pre>

| {{Yes}}

| Bourne shell, Perl, PHP, Ruby

|-

| <pre><<<EOF

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and so little time to say them

EOF</pre>

| {{Yes}}

| PHP

|-

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and so little time to say them

"@</pre>

| {{No}}

| Windows Powershell

|-

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and so little time to say them

]"</pre>

| {{No}}

| Eiffel

|-

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and so little time to say them

"""</pre>

| {{No}}

| CoffeeScript, PythonDart, Groovy, SwiftKotlin, KotlinPython, Swift

|-

|<pre>"

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and so little time to say them

"</pre>

| {{No}}

|Visual[[Common Basic .NETLisp]] (all strings are multiline), Rust (all strings are multiline), Visual Basic .NET (all strings are multiline)

|-

| <pre>R"(

I have a lot of things to say

and so little time to say them

)"

</pre>

| {{No}}

| C++

|-

| <pre>r"

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and so little time to say them

"</pre>

| {{No}}

| Rust

|-

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and so little time to say them

]]</pre>

| {{No}}

| Lua

|-

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and so little time to say them

`</pre>

| {{No}}

| JavaScript (ECMAScript 6)

|}

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:1. {{note|es6rawstr}} <code>String.raw``</code> still processes string interpolation.

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

:1. {{note|es6rawstr}} https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/raw