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{{Short description|
{{Redirect|HEIF|the Higher Education Innovation Fund|Research England}}
{{Redirect|heic|other uses|HEIC (disambiguation){{!}}HEIC}}
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| uniform type = public.heif, public.heic
| developer = [[Moving Picture Experts Group]] (MPEG)
| type = Image
| open = Depends on contained
| url = {{Official URL}}
| extended_from = [[ISOBMFF]]
| standard = ISO/IEC 23008-12 (MPEG-H Part 12)
}}
'''High Efficiency Image File Format''' ('''HEIF''') is a digital [[container format]] for storing individual [[digital image]]s and image sequences. The standard covers [[multimedia]] files that can also include other media streams, such as [[timed text]], audio and video.<ref name="JCTVC" />▼
▲'''High Efficiency Image File Format''' ('''HEIF''') is a digital container for storing individual [[digital image]]s and image sequences. The standard covers [[multimedia]] files that can also include other media streams, such as [[timed text]], audio and video.<ref name="JCTVC" />
HEIF can store images encoded with multiple coding formats, for example both [[Standard-dynamic-range video|SDR]] and [[High-dynamic-range video|HDR]] images. [[High Efficiency Video Coding|HEVC]] is an image and video encoding format and the default image codec used with HEIF. HEIF files containing HEVC-encoded images are also known as '''HEIC''' files. Such files require less storage space than the equivalent quality [[JPEG]].<ref name="CNET" /><ref name="LesShu" />
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The technical development of the specification took about one and a half years and was finalized in the middle of 2015.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/sites/default/files/files/meetings/docs/w15328.docx |title=Evidence motivates MPEG to launch new standardization effort for HDR |website=chiariglione.org |date=2015-06-26 |access-date=2018-08-24 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415074444/https://mpeg.chiariglione.org/sites/default/files/files/meetings/docs/w15328.docx |url-status=live }}</ref>
Apple was the first major adopter of the format in 2017 with the introduction of [[iOS 11]] using HEIC variant. While HEIC became the
Android devices containing the appropriate hardware encoders received support for HEIC files with the release of Android 10 (2019).<ref>{{Cite web |title=HEIF Imaging |url=https://source.android.com/docs/core/camera/heif |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=Android Open Source Project |language=en}}</ref>
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On some systems, pictures stored in the HEIC format are converted automatically to the older JPEG format when they are sent outside of the system, although incompatibility has led to problems such as US [[Advanced Placement]] test takers failing due to their phones uploading unsupported HEIC images by default,<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/20/21262302/ap-test-fail-iphone-photos-glitch-email-college-board-jpeg-heic |date=2020-05-02 |access-date=2022-08-25 |title=Students are failing AP tests because the College Board can't handle iPhone photos |publisher=[[The Verge]] |author= Monica Chin}}</ref> leading the [[College Board]] to request students change the settings to send only JPEG files.<ref>{{cite tweet |user=CollegeBoard |number=1260208235132436480 |title=If you want to submit a photo of a handwritten AP Exam answer from an iPhone or iPad, make sure to change your camera settings so your photos are saved as JPEGs, not HEICs.}}</ref>
Although HEIC is gaining in popularity,
Camera hardware (including mobile devices) are increasingly supporting outputting HEIC files and with color depth often higher than 8-bit color.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A bit confused: what's a HEIF and why do we need 10-bit stills and video? |url=https://www.dpreview.com/learn/6184595294/10-bit-stills-a-look-at-raw-log-and-the-future-of-photography |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=DPReview}}</ref>
==
HEIF files can store the following types of data:<ref name="JCTVC">{{cite web |url=http://phenix.int-evry.fr/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=10265 |title=Overview of the High Efficiency Image File Format |website=JCT-VC |publisher=document JCTVC-V0072 |date=October 2015 |author1=M. M. Hannuksela |author2=E. B. Aksu |author3=V. K. Malamal Vadakital |author4=J. Lainema |access-date=2015-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124172021/http://phenix.int-evry.fr/jct/doc_end_user/current_document.php?id=10265 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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; Image sequences:Storage of multiple time-related and/or temporally predicted images (like a [[burst mode (photography)|burst-photo shot]] or [[cinemagraph]] animation), their properties and thumbnails. Different prediction options can be used in order to exploit the temporal and spatial similarities between the images. Hence, file sizes can be drastically reduced when many images are stored in the same HEIF file.
; Auxiliary image items: Storage of image data, such as an [[alpha channel|alpha plane]] or a [[depth map]], which complements another image item. These data are not displayed as such, but used in various forms to complement another image item.
; Image metadata: Storage of [[Exif
== Encodings
The HEIF container can store the following encodings:
* JFIF (JPEG)
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* HEVC
Simply knowing a file is in the HEIF container does not reveal much information, as it could be:
* a JFIF (JPEG);
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* an HEVC with poor quality parameters; or
* an HEVC with high quality parameters.
{{anchor|MIAF}}{{anchor|MPEG-A}}
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== Support ==
{{See also|AVIF#Support}}
*[[Nokia]] provides an open source C++ HEIF decoder, that also has a [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
* The open source library "libheif" supports reading and writing HEIF files.<ref name="libheif">{{cite web |url=https://github.com/strukturag/libheif|title=strukturag/libheif |date=May 17, 2021|via=GitHub |access-date=May 2, 2018 |archive-date=June 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180602131612/https://github.com/strukturag/libheif |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=strukturag/libheif|url=https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases|access-date=2020-06-17|website=GitHub |archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618003355/https://github.com/strukturag/libheif/releases|url-status=live}}</ref> From version 1.8.0, both reading and writing HEIC and [[AVIF]] are supported.<ref name="libheif" />
* An image codec called CopyTrans HEIC, which is free for personal use and available for Windows versions 7 through 10, supports opening HEIF files in [[Windows Photo Viewer]] without the Microsoft codec installed. (The Microsoft HEIC codec is only available for Windows 10, version 1803 and up in the Photos [[Universal Windows Platform|UWP]] app.)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.copytrans.net/copytransheic/|title=Open HEIC files on Windows|website=CopyTrans.net|access-date=2018-09-27|archive-date=2018-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916121137/https://www.copytrans.net/copytransheic/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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=== Operating systems ===
* [[Windows 10]] [[Windows 10 version history|version 1803]] and later (HEIC), [[Windows 10 version history|version 1903]] and later (AVIF): [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/heif-image-extensions/9pmmsr1cgpwg HEIF Image Extension] is needed to read and write files that use the HEIF format. [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/p/hevc-video-extensions/9nmzlz57r3t7 HEVC Video Extensions] is needed to play and produce HEVC-encoded video content. A small amount of money is charged for the use of the HEVC codec, whereas support for the generic HEIF format and the AVC and AV1 extensions are free.<ref name="Win1083">{{cite news |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/03/16/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-17123-for-fast/#UpPIwc3yVgJHc5Q8.97 |title=Announcing Windows 10 Insider Preview Build 17123 for Fast Ring Subscribers |access-date=2018-03-16 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806161103/https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2018/03/16/announcing-windows-10-insider-preview-build-17123-for-fast/#UpPIwc3yVgJHc5Q8.97 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{citation needed|reason=This material is by Microsoft itself and doesn't address the possibility to plug Open-Source encoders/decoders into the system|date=October 2024}}
* [[Windows 11]]: since 22H2, Windows 11 has HEIF Image Extension built-in by default.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/surface/forum/all/heic-format-support-changes-in-2023-11-cumulative|title=HEIC format support changes in 2023-11 Cumulative Update for Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems (KB5032190)|date=2023-11-19}}</ref>
* [[macOS High Sierra]] and later (HEIC only)<ref name="CBS">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-answers-iphone-storage-woes-with-smaller-photos-videos/ |title=Apple answers iPhone storage woes with smaller photos, videos |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=2017-06-05 |website=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |access-date=2017-09-30 |archive-date=2021-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122041854/https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-answers-iphone-storage-woes-with-smaller-photos-videos/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Since [[macOS Mojave]], Apple uses HEIF in creating the Dynamic Desktop feature.<ref name="Itnext ft 1">{{cite web |url=https://itnext.io/macos-mojave-dynamic-wallpaper-fd26b0698223 |title=macOS Mojave dynamic wallpaper |publisher=ITNEXT |first=Marcin |last=Czachurski |date=2018-06-29 |access-date=2018-09-18 |archive-date=2019-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303005413/https://itnext.io/macos-mojave-dynamic-wallpaper-fd26b0698223 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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* [[Ubuntu]] 20.04 and later (HEIC)<ref>{{cite web|title=software recommendation - Any app on Ubuntu to open and/or convert HEIF pictures (.HEIC, High Efficiency Image File Format)?|url=https://askubuntu.com/questions/958355/any-app-on-ubuntu-to-open-and-or-convert-heif-pictures-heic-high-efficiency-i|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Ask Ubuntu|archive-date=2020-11-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111221257/https://askubuntu.com/questions/958355/any-app-on-ubuntu-to-open-and-or-convert-heif-pictures-heic-high-efficiency-i|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Debian]] 10.13 ("buster") or later<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/libheif|title=Libheif - Debian Package Tracker }}</ref>
* [[Fedora Linux|Fedora]] 36 or later<ref>{{cite web|url=https://packages.fedoraproject.org/pkgs/libheif/libheif/|title=Libheif - Fedora Packages }}</ref>
=== Web browsers ===
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* [[Digikam]] (supports 10-bit HEIC)
* [[GraphicConverter]]
* [[gThumb]]
* [[ImageMagick]]
* [[Krita]]<ref>{{Cite news |title=Krita 4.1 Release Notes |url=https://krita.org/en/krita-4-1-release-notes |url-status=live |access-date=2018-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119214332/https://krita.org/en/krita-4-1-release-notes/ |archive-date=2018-11-19}}</ref>
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* [[ACDSee]] (read-only)
* [[XnView]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pierre |first=GOUGELET |title=Supported graphic and image formats {{!}} XnView.com |url=https://www.xnview.com/en/image_formats/ |access-date=2023-10-12 |website=XnView Software |language=en}}</ref>
=== Image libraries ===
* [https://github.com/strukturag/libheif libheif] – ISO/IEC 23008-12:2017 HEIF and AVIF decoder and encoder.
* [https://sail.software SAIL] – format-agnostic library with support of HEIC implemented on top of libavif.
* [[FFmpeg]]
* [https://github.com/Xelitan/AVIF-and-HEIC-for-Delphi-Lazarus AVIF and HEIC unit] - Delphi/Lazarus wrapper for libavif
* [https://www.idrsolutions.com/jdeli/ JDeli] - Java Image library with HEIC support
* [https://github.com/nokiatech/heif?tab=License-1-ov-file Nokiatech] - Nokia's HEIF library with Java wrapper
=== Hardware ===
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* [[Facebook]] supports the upload of HEIC but converts to JPEG or WEBP on display.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gallagher|first=William|date=2018-11-16|title=How to work with, edit, and share HEIC images without data loss|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/11/16/how-to-work-with-edit-and-share-heic-images-without-data-loss|access-date=2020-08-14|publisher=[[Apple Insider]]|archive-date=2020-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813211920/https://appleinsider.com/articles/18/11/16/how-to-work-with-edit-and-share-heic-images-without-data-loss|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Discord]] does not support HEIC at all.<ref>{{cite web |last=Technik |date=2019-10-27 |title=Feature Request: Support for HEIF images - Discord Support Community |url=https://support.discord.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/360054609851-Feature-Request-Support-for-HEIF-images |website=Discord Support Community}}</ref>
* [[Wikimedia Commons]] does not support HEIC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commons:File types - Wikimedia Commons |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:File_types |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=commons.wikimedia.org |language=en}}</ref>
== Patent licensing ==
{{Further|High Efficiency Video Coding#Patent holders}}
HEIF itself is a container that may not be subject to additional royalty fees for commercial ISOBMFF licensees.
== See also ==
* [[Better Portable Graphics]] (BPG) – another image file format using HEVC encoding, published by [[Fabrice Bellard]] in 2014
* [[JPEG XL]] – an image file format developed since 2019 (standardization completed since 2022) and based on Google {{ill|PIK (image format)|lt=PIK|
* [[WebP]] – an image file format that features both lossy (based on
== References ==
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