Python brongersmai: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Species of snake}}

{{Refimprove|date=November 2021}}

{{Distinguish|Python curtus|Python breitensteini}}

{{Speciesbox

| image = Python brongersmai, Brongersma's short-tailed python.jpg

| image_caption =

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |publisherauthor=[[IUCN]]Grismer, L. |author-link=[[:frspecies:Larry Lee Grismer|Grismer L]]|author2=Chan-Ard, [[(MrT.) |author2-link=species:Tanya Chan-ard|Chan-Ard T]]|year=2012|volumedate=2012 |title=''Python brongersmai '' |volume=2012 |page=e.T192169A2050353 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T192169A2050353.en|url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/192169/2050353 |access-date=1319 MarchNovember 20182021}}</ref>

| genus = Python

| species = brongersmai

| authority = [[Olive Griffith Stull|Stull]], 1938

| synonyms = *''Python curtus brongersmai'' <br>{{small|Stull, 1938}}

*''Python curtus brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[species:Merel J. Cox|Cox]] et al., 1998}}

*''Python curtus brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[species:Tanya Chan-ard|Chan-ard]] et al., 1999}}

*''Python brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[:fr:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels|Pauwels]] et al., 2000}}

*''Python brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[species:J. Scott Keogh|Keogh]], [[David G. Barker|Barker]] & [[Richard Shine|Shine]], 2001}}

*''Aspidoboa brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[Raymond Hoser|Hoser]], 2004}}

* ''Python brongersmai'' <br>{{small|— [[species:Wulf D. Schleip|Schleip]] & [[Mark O'Shea (herpetologist)|O’SheaO'Shea]], 2010}}

| synonyms_ref = <ref name=RDB/>

}}

'''''Python brongersmai''''' is a [[species]] of non[[venomous snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Pythonidae]]. The species is native to [[Southeast Asia]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Previously considered a subspecies of ''[[Python curtus]]'', it was recognized as a distinct species around 2000.

==Common names==

[[Common name]]s for ''P. brongersmai'' include '''blood python''',<ref name=RDB/> '''Brongersma's short-tailed python''',<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> '''Malaysian blood python''',<ref name=RDB/> '''red blood python''',<ref name=RDB/> '''red short-tailed python''', and '''Sumatran blood python'''.<ref name=RDB/>

==Etymology==

The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]], ''brongersmai'', is in honor of [[Dutch people|Dutch]] [[Herpetology|herpetologist]] [[Leo Brongersma]].<ref>[[Richard Allen "species:Bo" Crombet-Beolens|Beolens, BBo]],; [[species:Michael Watkins (zoologist)|Watkins, MMichael]]; Grayson, [[Michael Grayson|Grayson M]] (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. (''Python brongersmai'', p. 39).</ref>

==Geographic range==

''P. brongersmai'' is found in peninsular (Western) [[Malaysia]], [[Sumatra]] east of the central dividing range of mountains, [[Bangka Island]] and other islands in the [[Strait of Malacca]], including the [[Lingga Islands]], [[Riau Archipelago|Riau islands]], and Pinang, [[Thailand]], and [[Vietnam]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /><ref name=RDB/>

==Habitat==

The preferred natural [[habitat]] of ''P. brongersmai'' is [[marsh]]es and [[Tropics|tropical]] [[swamp]]s in [[forest]], at altitudes from sea level to {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

==Behaviour==

''Python brongersmai'' is a primarily [[crepuscular]] species – (usually active around [[dawn]] and [[dusk]]).{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Size==

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==Lifespan==

''P. brongersmai'' can live up to about 20 years in captivity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pondturtle.com/lsnakea.html#Python |title=Blood Python |work=Reptiles and Amphibians in Captivity – Longevity |first1=Frank L. |last1=Slavens |first2=Kate |last2=Slavens |year=2003}}</ref>

Most experts agree{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} that ''P. brongersmai'' can live 20 years or more in captivity if proper care is given.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Coloration==

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Once widely considered to be generally unpredictable and aggressive, ''P. brongersmai'' is gradually becoming more common among herpetoculturists. Formerly, many of the specimens in captivity were wild-caught adults from [[Malaysia]]. These are known to be more aggressive than those from [[Indonesia]] ([[Sumatra]]), from which most of the wild-caught, wild-bred, and captive-bred stock are now descended. Captive-raised juveniles generally become mild-tempered, somewhat-predictable adults. This, combined with several new brightly colored captive bloodlines, is helping to boost the popularity of these much-maligned snakes among reptile hobbyists.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}

''Python brongersmai'' is part of a commercial harvest for leather.<ref name="keogh">{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01350.x|author=[[species:J. Scott Keogh|Keogh JS]], [[David G. Barker|Barker D]], [[Richard Shine|Shine R]]|year=2001|title=Heavily exploited but poorly known: systematics and biogeography of commercially harvested pythons (''Python curtus'' group) in Southeast Asia (abstract)|pages=113|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=73|issue=1|doi-access=free}}</ref> There is evidence to suggest that there are clear indications of misdeclared, underreported and illegal trade involving tens of thousands of blood pythons, and there are questions whether this trade is sustainable.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nijman |first=Vincent |date=2022-11-05 |title=Harvest quotas, free markets and the sustainable trade in pythons |url=https://zenodo.org/records/6544927/files/NC_article_80988.pdf |journal=Nature Conservation |language=en |volume=48 |pages=99–121 |doi=10.3897/natureconservation.48.80988 |issn=1314-3301|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Taxonomy==

This species was first described by [[Olive Griffith Stull]] in 1938 as ''Python curtus brongersmai'', a [[subspecies]] of ''[[Python curtus]]''.<ref>[[Olive Griffith Stull|Stull OG]] (1938). "Three New Subspecies of the Family Boidae". [https://archive.org/stream/occasionalpapers08bost#page/296/mode/2up ''Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History'' '''8''': 297-300.] (''Python curtus brongersmai'', new speciessubspecies, pp. 297-298).</ref> This [[taxon]] has since been elevated and recognised as a full species, ''Python brongersmai'', by [[:fr:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels|Pauwels]] ''et al''. (2000).<ref name=RDB>{{NRDB species|genus=Python|species=brongersmai|date=15 September|year=2007}}</ref><ref name="keogh"/>

==References==

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==Further reading==

*[[David G. Barker|Barker, Dave]]; [[Tracy M. Barker|Barker, Tracy]] (November 2007). "Blood Pythons". ''Reptiles Magazine''. Bowtie Publishing.

*[[:fr:Roy Wallace McDiarmid|McDiarmid RW]], [[Jonathan A. Campbell|Campbell JA]], [[species:T'Shaka A. Touré|Touré TA]] (1999). ''Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1.'' Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).

*[[:fr:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels|Pauwels OSG]], [[species:Ong-Arj Laohawat|Laohawat O-A]], [[species:Patrick David|David P]], [[species:Roger Bour|Bour R]], [[species:Pongchai Dangsee|Dangsee P]], [[species:Chate Puangjit|Puangjit C]], [[species:Chucheep Chimsunchart|Chimsunchart C]] (2000). "Herpetological investigations in Phang-Nga Province, southern Peninsular Thailand, with a list of reptile species and notes on their biology". ''Dumerilia'' '''4''' (2): 123-154. (''Python brongersmai'', p.&nbsp;138).

*[[Richard Shine|Shine R]], [[species:Ambariyanto|Ambariyanto]], [[species:Peter S. Harlow|Harlow PS]], [[species:Mumpuni|Mumpuni]] (1999). "Ecological attributes of two commercially harvested ''Python'' species in Northern Sumatra". ''J.Journal Herpetol.of Herpetology'' '''33''' (2): 249-257. (''Python brongersmai'', new combination).

==External links==