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{{Short description|Computer network protocol}}
{{Infobox networking protocol
| logo =
| logo alt =
| image =
| image alt =
| caption =
| is stack = No
| abbreviation = RDAP
| purpose = Domain lookup
| developer = [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF)
| date = {{Start date and age|2015}}
| based on = [[JSON]]
| influenced =
| osilayer = [[Application layer]] (7)
| ports =
| rfcs = {{IETF RFC|7483|plainlink=yes}}
}}
The '''Registration Data Access Protocol''' ('''RDAP''') is a [[Computer networking|computer network]] [[communications protocol]] standardized by a working group at the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] in 2015, after experimental developments and thorough discussions. It is a successor to the [[WHOIS]] protocol, used to look up relevant registration data from such Internet resources as [[___domain name]]s, [[IP address]]es, and [[Autonomous system (Internet)|autonomous system numbers]].
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| date=2015-03-25
| publisher=[[Internet Engineering Task Force|IETF]]
| access-date=2016-11-10
| archive-date=2015-07-11
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711224619/http://www.ietf.org/wg/concluded/weirds
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
The biggest delay in getting RDAP done turned out to be the ''bootstrap'', figuring out where the server is for each top
| url=https://jl.ly/ICANN/weirds14.writeback
| title=The replacement for WHOIS is surprisingly close
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| date=2014-09-10
| website=jl.ly
| accessdate=2016-11-10
| archive-date=2022-12-25
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225110924/https://jl.ly/ICANN/weirds14.writeback
| url-status=live
}}</ref><ref>{{cite IETF
| title = Finding the Authoritative Registration Data (RDAP) Service
| rfc = 7484
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| accessdate = 2016-11-10
}}
</ref> For number registries, [[American Registry for Internet Numbers|ARIN]] set up a public RDAP service which also features a bootstrap URL, similar to what they do for WHOIS.<ref>{{cite web
| url=https://www.arin.net/resources/rdap.html
| title=The Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)
| date=2015-06-22
| publisher=[[American Registry for Internet Numbers|ARIN]]
| accessdate=2016-11-10
| archive-date=2023-08-01
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801120619/https://www.arin.net/resources/rdap.html
| url-status=live
}}</ref> For name registries, [[ICANN]] requires RDAP compliance since 2013.<ref name="icann2013">{{cite web
|url = https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/approved-with-specs-2013-09-17-en
|title = 2013 Registrar Accreditation Agreement
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| publisher=[[ICANN]]
| quote=Registry Operator shall implement a new standard supporting access to ___domain name registration data (SAC 051) no later than one hundred thirty-five (135) days after it is requested by ICANN if: 1) the IETF produces a standard (i.e., it is published, at least, as a Proposed Standard RFC as specified in RFC 2026); and 2) its implementation is commercially reasonable in the context of the overall operation of the registry
| accessdate=2016-11-10
| archive-date=2022-09-01
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901042744/https://newgtlds.icann.org/en/applicants/agb/agreement-approved-02jul13-en.pdf
| url-status=live
}}</ref>
==Number resources==
RDAP databases for assigned IP numbers are maintained by five [[Regional Internet registry|
==Name resources==
RDAP databases for registered names are maintained after ICANN agreement.<ref name="icann2013"/> Name resources are much slower, as the number of registries under ICANN is huge. In addition, as the [[General Data Protection Regulation|GDPR]] became enforceable, in May 2018, the problem of personal data divulged via WHOIS or RDAP slowed adoption further.<ref>{{cite web |title=Haunted by Europe's GDPR, ICANN sharpens wooden stake to finally slay the Whois vampire |author=Kieren McCarthy |date=October 23, 2019 |url=https://www.theregister.com/2019/10/23/icann_kills_whois/ |work=[[The Register]] |access-date=June 8, 2020 |archive-date=May 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230525235553/https://www.theregister.com/2019/10/23/icann_kills_whois/ |url-status=live }}</ref> To solve the conflict between GDPR and ICANN policies ICANN published a temporary specification according to which all contact details need to be redacted for privacy reasons if they fall under the GDPR, unless the contact explicitly allows publication. This includes email addresses, however the registrar has to offer an anonymized email address or a web form to allow forwarding of information to contacts. The registry RDAP/WHOIS response has to contain a notice that these options to contact the contacts are only available in the registrar RDAP/WHOIS.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Temporary Specification for gTLD Registration Data
To keep RDAP information accurate, registrars have to send a yearly Whois Data Reminder Policy (WDRP) notice to the registrant contact. This is commonly done via email containing all the RDAP information the registrar has and asking the registrant to update it immediately if it is incorrect, while at the same time reminding the registrant that incorrect RDAP information can lead to the deletion of the ___domain name.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Whois Data Reminder Policy
== WHOIS
On January 19, 2023 ICANN opened voting on a global amendment to all its registry and registrar agreements. In it they defined a RDAP Ramp-Up Period of 180 days starting with the effectiveness of this amendment. 360 days after this period is defined as the WHOIS Services Sunset Date, after which it is not a requirement for registries and registrars to offer a WHOIS service and instead only a RDAP service is required. All voting thresholds were met within the 60
== Query example ==
To query RDAP, there are several software and web clients including icann-rdap (reference implementation command-line client by ICANN), OpenRDAP (independent command-line client), and rdap.dev web client.
In certain jurisdictions, RDAP redacted contact information as required by regulations such as [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR). Contact information for RDAP may be accessed with Registration Data Directory Services (RDDS) such as ICANN Lookup.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ICANN Lookup |url=https://lookup.icann.org/en/lookup |access-date=2025-06-04 |website=lookup.icann.org |archive-date=2025-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250531085849/https://lookup.icann.org/en/lookup |url-status=live }}</ref> Non-public contact information can be requested with Registration Data Request Service (RDRS).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Registration Data Request Service |url=https://rdrs.icann.org/ |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=rdrs.icann.org}}</ref>
Below is an example of RDAP data returned for an individual resource holder. This is the result of a RDAP query in raw format (using OpenRDAP client) for the website of ''[[Final Fantasy XIV]]'', with [[Markmonitor]] as registrar:<syntaxhighlight lang="doscon" highlight="1">
> rdap finalfantasyxiv.com
Domain:
Domain Name: FINALFANTASYXIV.COM
Handle: 19576356_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Status: client delete prohibited
Status: client transfer prohibited
Status: client update prohibited
Conformance: rdap_level_0
Conformance: icann_rdap_technical_implementation_guide_0
Conformance: icann_rdap_response_profile_0
Notice:
Title: Terms of Use
Description: Service subject to Terms of Use.
Link: https://www.verisign.com/___domain-names/registration-data-access-protocol/terms-service/index.xhtml
Notice:
Title: Status Codes
Description: For more information on ___domain status codes, please visit https://icann.org/epp
Link: https://icann.org/epp
Notice:
Title: RDDS Inaccuracy Complaint Form
Description: URL of the ICANN RDDS Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://icann.org/wicf
Link: https://icann.org/wicf
Link: https://rdap.verisign.com/com/v1/___domain/FINALFANTASYXIV.COM
Link: https://rdap.markmonitor.com/rdap/___domain/FINALFANTASYXIV.COM
Event:
Action: registration
Date: 2000-02-10T15:58:28Z
Event:
Action: expiration
Date: 2026-02-10T15:58:28Z
Event:
Action: last changed
Date: 2024-02-09T05:41:13Z
Event:
Action: last update of RDAP database
Date: 2025-05-31T07:42:09Z
Secure DNS:
Delegation Signed: false
Entity:
Handle: 292
Public ID:
Type: IANA Registrar ID
Identifier: 292
Role: registrar
vCard version: 4.0
vCard fn: MarkMonitor Inc.
Entity:
Role: abuse
vCard version: 4.0
vCard tel: tel:+1.2086851750
vCard email: abusecomplaints@markmonitor.com
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A1-211.AKAM.NET
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A13-66.AKAM.NET
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A2-67.AKAM.NET
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A22-64.AKAM.NET
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A24-65.AKAM.NET
Nameserver:
Nameserver: A3-66.AKAM.NET
</syntaxhighlight>
== Extensions ==
The RDAP protocol allows for extensions and IANA is maintaining a list of known RDAP extensions. Some of these extensions are defined by RFCs, such as
==Related
* [https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/std95 STD 95]
* {{IETF RFC|7480|link=no}}, ''HTTP Usage in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP)''
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* {{IETF RFC|8521|link=no}}, ''Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Object Tagging''
* {{IETF RFC|8982|link=no}}, ''Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Partial Response''
* {{IETF RFC|9537|link=no}}, ''Redacted Fields in the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) Response''
== See also ==
{{Portal|Internet}}
* [[Domain name registry]]
* [[Domain name registrar]]
* [[Extensible Provisioning Protocol]]
==References==
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* [https://www.iana.org/assignments/rdap-extensions/rdap-extensions.xhtml IANA RDAP Extensions]
* [https://www.iana.org/assignments/rdap-json-values/rdap-json-values.xhtml IANA RDAP JSON Values]
* {{Github|
* {{Github|openrdap/rdap}}{{dash}}An alternative command line RDAP client by OpenRDAP, written in [[Go (programming language)|Go]]
* [https://
* [https://about.rdap.org/ rdap.org]{{dash}}An end point for RDAP queries
* [https://www.apnic.net/apnic-info/whois_search/about/rdap RDAP page at APNIC]
* [https://www.arin.net/resources/rdap.html RDAP page at ARIN]
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