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Line 1: {{Short description\|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] --> ~~{{Year nav topic5\|2019\|reptile paleontology\|paleontology\|science}}~~ {{Year nav topic20\|2019\|reptile paleontology\|science \|paleobotany \|paleontology \|arthropod paleontology \|paleoentomology \|paleomalacology \|archosaur paleontology \|mammal paleontology \|paleoichthyology}} {{Portal\|Paleontology\|History of science\|Dinosaurs}} This '''list of [[fossil]] [[reptile]]s described in 2019''' is a list of new [[taxa]] of fossil reptiles that were [[binomial nomenclature\|described]] during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile [[paleontology]] that occurred in 2019. ==Lizards and snakes== ===Research=== * A study aiming to test which ecological and developmental traits have influenced skull evolution in the [[Squamata\|squamate]] reptiles, based on data from extant and extinct taxa, is published by Watanabe ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Akinobu Watanabe \|author2=Anne-Claire Fabre \|author3=Ryan N. Felice \|author4=Jessica A. Maisano \|author5=Johannes Müller \|author6=Anthony Herrel \|author7=Anjali Goswami \|year=2019 \|title=Ecomorphological diversification in squamates from conserved pattern of cranial integration \|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America \|volume=116 \|issue=29 \|pages=14688–14697 \|doi=10.1073/pnas.1820967116 \|pmid=31262818 \|pmc=6642379 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A new assemblage of lizard tracks, representing the largest such assemblage yet reported from the [[Cretaceous]], is described from the [[Lower Cretaceous]] [[Jinju Formation]] ([[South Korea]]) by Kim ''et al.'' (2019), who name a new [[ichnotaxon]] ''[[Neosauroides]] innovatus''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Kyung Soo Kim \|author2=Jong Deock Lim \|author3=Martin G. Lockley \|author4=Dong Hee Kim \|author5=Laura Piñuela \|author6=Jae Sang Yoo \|year=2019 \|title=Largest Cretaceous lizard track assemblage, new morphotypes and longest trackways comprise diverse components of an exceptional Korean Konservat-Lagerstätten ichnofauna \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =13278 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-49442-0 \|pmid=31527673 \|pmc=6746761 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...913278K }}</ref> * New specimen of ''[[Yabeinosaurus]] robustus'', preserving traces of integument and abdominal contents, is described by Xing ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Lida Xing \|author2=Kechung Niu \|author3=Rod S. Taylor \|author4=Susan E. Evans \|year=2019 \|title=Integumentary remains and abdominal contents in the Early Cretaceous Chinese lizard, ''Yabeinosaurus'' (Squamata), demonstrate colour banding and a diet including crayfish \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=108 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 104320 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104320 \|s2cid=210262098 \|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10089773/1/Yabeinosaurus%20MS.pdf }}</ref> * Jaw elements of [[skink]]s with an anatomy identical to ''[[Heremites]] vittatus'' are described from the late [[Miocene]] locality Solnechnodolsk ([[Russia]]) by Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova (2019), representing first [[Neogene]] record of the clade [[Mabuyidae]] reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Andrej Čerňanský \|author2=Elena V. Syromyatnikova \|year=2019 \|title=The first ~~pre‐Quaternary~~pre-Quaternary fossil record of the clade Mabuyidae with a comment on the enclosure of the Meckelian canal in skinks \|journal=Papers in Palaeontology \|volume=~~in press~~7 \|issue=1 \|pages=195–215 \|doi=10.1002/spp2.1279 \|issn=2056-2799 \|s2cid=204266535 }}</ref> * A juvenile specimen of ''[[Eolacerta]] robusta'' is described from the [[Eocene]] [[Messel pit]] ([[Germany]]) by Čerňanský & Smith (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Andrej Čerňanský \|author2=Krister T. Smith \|year=2019 \|title=The first juvenile specimen of ''Eolacerta'' (Squamata: Eolacertidae) from the early–middle Eocene of the Messel Pit (Germany) \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=7 \|pages=735–745 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.04.004 \|s2cid=199092977 }}</ref> * Description of late [[Miocene]] [[Lacertidae\|lacertid]] fossils from the Solnechnodolsk locality ([[Russia]]), belonging to a relative of extant [[Balkan green lizard]], is published by Čerňanský & Syromyatnikova (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Andrej Čerňanský \|author2=Elena V. Syromyatnikova \|year=2019 \|title=The first Miocene fossils of ''Lacerta'' cf. ''trilineata'' (Squamata, Lacertidae) with a comparative study of the main cranial osteological differences in green lizards and their relatives \|journal=~~PLoS~~PLOS ONE \|volume=14 \|issue=8 \|pages=e0216191 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0216191 \|pmid=31433807 \|pmc=6703700 \|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1416191C \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the diet, habitat and timing and cause of extinction of ''[[Gallotia goliath]]'' is published by Crowley ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Brooke Erin Crowley \|author2=Yurena Yanes \|author3=Stella Grace Mosher \|author4=Juan Carlos Rando \|year=2019 \|title=Revisiting the foraging ecology and extinction history of two endemic vertebrates from Tenerife, Canary Islands \|journal=Quaternary \|volume=2 \|issue=1 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 10 \|doi=10.3390/quat2010010 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * An almost complete and articulated fossil skull of the [[La Palma giant lizard]] is described from the [[Pleistocene]] of the [[La Palma]] island ([[Canary Islands]]) by Cruzado-Caballero ''et al.'' (2019), who also study the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of the genus ''[[Gallotia]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Penélope Cruzado-Caballero \|author2=Carolina Castillo Ruiz \|author3=Arnau Bolet \|author4=Juan Ramón Colmenero \|author5=Julio De la Nuez \|author6=Ramón Casillas \|author7=Sergio Llacer \|author8=Federico Bernardini \|author9=Josep Fortuny \|year=2019 \|title=First nearly complete skull of ''Gallotia auaritae'' (lower-middle Pleistocene, Squamata, Gallotiinae) and a morphological phylogenetic analysis of the genus ''Gallotia'' \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =16629 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-52244-z \|pmid=31719546 \|pmc=6851374 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...916629C }}</ref> * The first fossil of a [[fringe-toed lizard]] reported so far is described from the [[Miocene]] [[Dove Spring Formation]] ([[California]], [[United States]]) by Scarpetta (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Simon G. Scarpetta \|year=2019 \|title=The first known fossil ''Uma'': ecological evolution and the origins of North American fringe-toed lizards \|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology \|volume=19 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =178 \|doi=10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5 \|pmid=31492110 \|pmc=6729053 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of [[Glyptosaurinae\|glyptosaurine]] [[Anguidae\|anguids]] is published by Sullivan (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Robert M. Sullivan \|year=2019 \|title=The taxonomy, chronostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of glyptosaurine lizards (Glyptosaurinae, Anguidae) \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=7 \|pages=747–763 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.05.006 \|s2cid=202174449 }}</ref> * Fossils of ''[[Peltosaurus]] granulosus'' are described from the middle [[Oligocene]] [[Monroe Creek Formation\|Monroe Creek]] and upper [[Sharps Formation\|Sharps]] formations of [[Sharps Corner, ~~([[~~South Dakota]]~~, [[United States]])~~ by Scarpetta (2019), representing the youngest known record of glyptosaurine lizards reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=Simon G. Scarpetta \|year=2019 \|title=''Peltosaurus granulosus'' (Squamata, Anguidae) from the middle Oligocene of Sharps Corner, South Dakota, and the youngest known chronostratigraphic occurrence of Glyptosaurinae \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=3 \|pages=e1622129 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1622129 \|s2cid=196690362 }}</ref> * Fossil [[Anguidae\|anguine]] material is described from the lower [[Miocene]] locality Ulm – Westtangente ([[Germany]]) for the first time by Klembara, Hain & Čerňanský (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Jozef Klembara \|author2=Miroslav Hain \|author3=Andrej Čerňanský \|year=2019 \|title=The first record of anguine lizards (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) from the early Miocene locality Ulm – Westtangente in Germany \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=31 \|issue=8 \|pages=1016–1027 \|doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1416469 \|s2cid=90251378 }}</ref> * Bochaton ''et al.'' (2019) present equations producing estimations of size and weight of [[monitor lizard]]s on the basis of measurements of their bones, and use them to determine body size and weight of Late Pleistocene monitor lizards known from remains from the Doi Pha Kan rock shelter ([[Thailand]]).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Corentin Bochaton \|author2=Pauline Hanot \|author3=Stéphane Frère \|author4=Julien Claude \|author5=Wilailuck Naksri \|author6=Prasit Auetrakulvit \|author7=Valéry Zeitoun \|year=2019 \|title=Size and weight estimations of subfossil monitor lizards (''Varanus'' sp. Merrem 1820) with an application to the Hoabinhian assemblage of Doi Pha Kan (Late Pleistocene, Lampang province, Thailand) \|journal=Annales de Paléontologie \|volume=105 \|issue=4 \|pages=295–304 \|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2019.05.003 \|s2cid=201331999 }}</ref> * A study evaluating the fossil record of [[mosasaur]]s in terms of fossil completeness as a measure of fossil quality is published by Driscoll ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Daniel A. Driscoll \|author2=Alexander M. Dunhill \|author3=Thomas L. Stubbs \|author4=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=The mosasaur fossil record through the lens of fossil completeness \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=1 \|pages=51–75 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12381 \|s2cid=133743666 \|url=http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/130080/1/Driscoll%20et%20al%20accepted.pdf }}</ref> * A study on the morphology of the marginal teeth of ''[[Mosasaurus]] lemonnieri'', and on their implications for the distinguishability of this species on the basis of fossil teeth, is published online by Madzia (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Daniel Madzia \|year=2019 \|title=Dental variability and distinguishability in ''Mosasaurus lemonnieri'' (Mosasauridae) from the Campanian and Maastrichtian of Belgium, and implications for taxonomic assessments of mosasaurid dentitions \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~32 \|issue=10 \|pages=1340–1354 ~~1–15~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1588892 \|s2cid=108526638 }}</ref> * A skull of a member of the genus ''Mosasaurus'' is reported from the upper [[Maastrichtian]] [[Lopez de Bertodano Formation]] ([[Seymour Island]], [[Antarctica]]) by Ruiz ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Pablo González Ruiz \|author2=Marta S. Fernández \|author3=Marianella Talevi \|author4=Juan M. Leardi \|author5=Marcelo A. Reguero \|year=2019 \|title=A new Plotosaurini mosasaur skull from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica. Plotosaurini paleogeographic occurrences \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=103 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 104166 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.012 \|s2cid=198418273 \|url=https://rid.unrn.edu.ar/jspui/handle/20.500.12049/5094 \|hdl=11336/125124 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the inner ear of ''[[Platecarpus]]'' is published by Yi & [[Mark Norell\|Norell]] (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Hongyu Yi \|author2=Mark Norell \|year=2019 \|title=The bony labyrinth of ''Platecarpus'' (Squamata: Mosasauria) and aquatic adaptations in squamate reptiles \|journal=Palaeoworld \|volume=28 \|issue=4 \|pages=550–561 \|doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2018.12.001 \|s2cid=134163806 }}</ref> * An isolated tooth of a [[Tylosaurinae\|tylosaurine]] mosasaur is described from the [[Turonian]] of the Apennine Carbonate Platform by Romano ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first tylosaurine from [[Italy]] and the southernmost occurrence of a tylosaurine in the northern margin of the Mediterranean [[Tethys Ocean\|Tethys]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Marco Romano \|author2=Riccardo Manni \|author3=Enrico Venditti \|author4=Umberto Nicosia \|author5=Angelo Cipriani \|year=2019 \|title=First occurrence of a Tylosaurinae mosasaur from the Turonian of the Central Apennines, Italy \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=96 \|pages=196–209 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.01.001 \|s2cid=135342154 }}</ref> * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of tylosaurine mosasaurs is published by Jiménez-Huidobro & Caldwell (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Paulina Jiménez-Huidobro \|author2=Michael W. Caldwell \|year=2019 \|title=A new hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationships of the Tylosaurinae (Squamata: Mosasauroidea) \|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 47 \|doi=10.3389/feart.2019.00047 \|bibcode=2019FrEaS...7...47J \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A review of the taxonomic history of ''[[Clidastes]] liodontus'' and "Clidastes moorevillensis" is published by Lively (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=Joshua R. Lively \|year=2019 \|title=Taxonomy and historical inertia: ''Clidastes'' (Squamata: Mosasauridae) as a case study of problematic paleobiological taxonomy \|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology \|volume=~~in press~~42 \|issue= 4\|pages= 516–527\|doi=10.1080/03115518.2018.1549685 \|s2cid=134825554 }}</ref> * A juvenile mosasaur specimen affected by [[infectious arthritis]] and [[spondyloarthropathy]] is described from the upper [[Maastrichtian]] of [[Antarctica]] by Talevi ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first report of a skeletal pathology of a mosasaur from the [[Southern Hemisphere]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Marianella Talevi \|author2=Bruce Rothschild \|author3=Marta Fernández \|author4=Marcelo Reguero \|author5=Matías Mitidieri \|year=2019 \|title=A pathological scapula in a mosasaur from the upper Maastrichtian of Antarctica: evidence of infectious arthritis and spondyloarthropathy \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=100 \|pages=1–4 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.03.024 \|s2cid=135367471 \|url=https://rid.unrn.edu.ar/jspui/handle/20.500.12049/5092 \|hdl=11336/125089 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the spatial and temporal distribution and evolutionary history of [[Dolichosauridae\|dolichosaurs]] is published by Campbell Mekarski, Pierce & Caldwell (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Michelle Campbell Mekarski \|author2=Stephanie E. Pierce \|author3=Michael W. Caldwell \|year=2019 \|title=Spatiotemporal distributions of non-ophidian ophidiomorphs, with implications for their origin, radiation, and extinction \|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 245 \|doi=10.3389/feart.2019.00245 \|bibcode=2019FrEaS...7..245M \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the evolution, [[Homology (biology)\|homology]] and reduction of the [[Pelvis\|pelvic]] elements and hindlimbs of snakes is published online by Palci ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Alessandro Palci \|author2=Mark N. Hutchinson \|author3=Michael W. Caldwell \|author4=Krister T. Smith \|author5=Michael S. Y. Lee \|year=2019 \|title=The homologies and evolutionary reduction of the pelvis and hindlimbs in snakes, with the first report of ossified pelvic vestiges in an anomalepidid (''Liotyphlops beui'') \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=188 \|issue=2 \|pages=630–652 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz098 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the evolution of vertebral intercentrum system of snakes, as indicated by data from specimens of ''[[Najash]] rionegrina'' and ''[[Dinilysia]] patagonica'', is published by Garberoglio ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Fernando F. Garberoglio \|author2=Raúl O. Gómez \|author3=Tiago R. Simões \|author4=Michael W. Caldwell \|author5=Sebastián Apesteguía \|year=2019 \|title=The evolution of the axial skeleton intercentrum system in snakes revealed by new data from the Cretaceous snakes ''Dinilysia'' and ''Najash'' \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|issue=1 \|~~pages=Article~~ article-number =1276 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-36979-9 \|pmid=30718525 \|pmc=6362196 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...9.1276G }}</ref> * New specimen of ''Najash rionegrina'', consisting of a partial skull and closely associated vertebrae, is described by Garberoglio ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Fernando F. Garberoglio \|author2=Raúl O. Gómez \|author3=Sebastián Apesteguía \|author4=Michael W. Caldwell \|author5=María L. Sánchez \|author6=Gonzalo Veiga \|year=2019 \|title=A new specimen with skull and vertebrae of ''Najash rionegrina'' (Lepidosauria: Ophidia) from the early Late Cretaceous of Patagonia \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=18 \|pages=1533–1550 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1534288 \|s2cid=91780191 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material (including eight skulls) of ''Najash rionegrina'', and a study on the implications of these fossils for the knowledge of the evolution of the snake body plan, is published by Garberoglio ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Fernando F. Garberoglio \|author2=Sebastián Apesteguía \|author3=Tiago R. Simões \|author4=Alessandro Palci \|author5=Raúl O. Gómez \|author6=Randall L. Nydam \|author7=Hans C. E. Larsson \|author8=Michael S. Y. Lee \|author9=Michael W. Caldwell \|year=2019 \|title=New skulls and skeletons of the Cretaceous legged snake ''Najash'', and the evolution of the modern snake body plan \|journal=Science Advances \|volume=5 \|issue=11 \|pages=eaax5833 \|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aax5833 \|pmid=31799393 \|pmc=6867888 \|bibcode=2019SciA....5.5833G }}</ref> * A study on the vertebral microanatomy of extinct aquatic snakes belonging to the families [[Nigerophiidae]], [[Palaeophiidae]] and [[Russelophiidae]] is published by Houssaye ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Alexandra Houssaye \|author2=Anthony Herrel \|author3=Renaud Boistel \|author4=Jean-Claude Rage \|year=2019 \|title=Adaptation of the vertebral inner structure to an aquatic life in snakes: Pachyophiid peculiarities in comparison to extant and extinct forms \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=7 \|pages=783–799 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.05.004 \|s2cid=209480050 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary history of [[caenophidia]]n snakes, as indicated by data from extant taxa and fossil record, is published by Zaher ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Hussam Zaher \|author2=Robert W. Murphy \|author3=Juan Camilo Arredondo \|author4=Roberta Graboski \|author5=Paulo Roberto Machado-Filho \|author6=Kristin Mahlow \|author7=Giovanna G. Montingelli \|author8=Ana Bottallo Quadros \|author9=Nikolai L. Orlov \|author10=Mark Wilkinson \|author11=Ya-Ping Zhang \|year=2019 \|title=Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) \|journal=~~PLoS~~PLOS ONE \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|pages=e0216148 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0216148 \|pmid=31075128 \|pmc=6512042 \|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1416148Z \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Revision of [[Dipsadinae\|dipsadid]] snake fossils from [[Guadeloupe]] Islands is published by Bochaton ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Corentin Bochaton \|author2=Renaud Boistel \|author3=Sandrine Grouard \|author4=Ivan Ineich \|author5=Anne Tresset \|author6=Salvador Bailon \|year=2019 \|title=Fossil dipsadid snakes from the Guadeloupe Islands (French West-Indies) and their interactions with past human populations \|journal=Geodiversitas \|volume=41 \|issue=12 \|pages=501–523 \|doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a12 \|s2cid=198415595 \|url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/41/12 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Snake fauna from the [[Miocene]] of the Baikadam and Malyi Kalkaman 1 and 2 localities in northeastern [[Kazakhstan]], representing the best-documented Miocene snake assemblage in Central Asia, is described by Ivanov ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Martin Ivanov \|author2=Davit Vasilyan \|author3=Madelaine Böhme \|author4=Vladimir S. Zazhigin \|year=2019 \|title=Miocene snakes from northeastern Kazakhstan: new data on the evolution of snake assemblages in Siberia \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=31 \|issue=10 \|pages=1284–1303 \|doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1446086 \|s2cid=90976993 }}</ref> * Description of fossil snake vertebrae from the late [[Pleistocene]] fissure deposits of the [[Minatogawa Man]] site ([[Okinawa Island]], [[Japan]]) is published by Ikeda ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Tadahiro Ikeda \|author2=Akio Takahashi \|author3=Makoto Manabe \|author4=Yoshikazu Hasegawa \|year=2019 \|title=Snake vertebrae fossils occurred from the Minatogawa Man site, southern part of Okinawajima Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, southwestern Japan \|journal=Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History \|volume=23 \|pages=21–34 \|url=http://www.gmnh.pref.gunma.jp/wp-content/uploads/bulletin23_3.pdf }}</ref> * Description of Pleistocene snake fossils from the Shanyangzhai Cave ([[Hebei]], [[China]]) is published online by Chen ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Yu Chen \|author2=Yong-Xiang Li \|author3=Jing-Song Shi \|author4=Yun-Xiang Zhang \|author5=Kun Xie \|year=2019 \|title=Pleistocene fossil snakes (Squamata, Reptilia) from Shanyangzhai Cave, Hebei, China \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=5 \|pages=699–711 \|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1658094 \|s2cid=202851962 }}</ref> * Description of fossil material of lizards from the Oligocene and Miocene of the [[Valley of the Lakes]] (central [[Mongolia]]) is published by Čerňanský & Augé (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Andrej Čerňanský \|author2=Marc Louis Augé \|year=2019 \|title=The Oligocene and Miocene fossil lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) of Central Mongolia \|journal=Geodiversitas \|volume=41 \|issue=24 \|pages=811–839 \|doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a24 \|s2cid=214190322 \|url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/41/24 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===New taxa=== Line 52 ⟶ 53: \|- \| ''[[Chalcides augei]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Andrej Čerňanský \|author2=Elena V. Syromyatnikova \|author3=Ekaterina S. Kovalenko \|author4=Konstantin M. Podurets \|author5=Alexander A. Kaloyan \|year=2020 \|title=The key to understanding the European Miocene ''Chalcides'' (Squamata, Scincidae) comes from Asia: the lizards of the East Siberian Tagay locality (Baikal Lake) in Russia \|journal=The Anatomical Record \|volume=303 \|issue=7 \|pages=1901–1934 \|doi=10.1002/ar.24289 \|pmid=31595688 \|s2cid=203983366 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 69 ⟶ 70: \|- \| ''[[Egernia gillespieae]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Kailah M. Thorn \|author2=Mark N. Hutchinson \|author3=Michael Archer \|author4=Michael S. Y. Lee \|year=2019 \|title=A new scincid lizard from the Miocene of Northern Australia, and the evolutionary history of social skinks (Scincidae: Egerniinae) \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1577873 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1577873 \|s2cid=155763347 }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 87 ⟶ 88: \|- \| ''[[Eomadtsoia]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Raúl O. Gómez \|author2=Fernando F. Garberoglio \|author3=Guillermo W. Rougier \|year=2019 \|title=A new Late Cretaceous snake from Patagonia: Phylogeny and trends in body size evolution of madtsoiid snakes \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=7 \|pages=771–781 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.09.003 \|hdl=11336/139595 \|s2cid=213774502 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 123 ⟶ 124: \|- \| ''[[Gurvelus]]''<ref name=PJ531Alifanov>{{Cite journal\|author=V. R. Alifanov \|year=2019 \|title=Lizards of the families Eoxantidae, Ardeosauridae, Globauridae, and Paramacellodidae (Scincomorpha) from the Aptian–Albian of Mongolia \|journal=Paleontological Journal \|volume=53 \|issue=1 \|pages=74–88 \|doi=10.1134/S0031030119010039 \|s2cid=181824832 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 158 ⟶ 159: \|- \| ''[[Hongshanxi]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Liping Dong \|author2=Yuan Wang \|author3=Lijie Mou \|author4=Guoze Zhang \|author5=Susan E. Evans \|year=2019 \|title=A new Jurassic lizard from China \|journal=Geodiversitas \|volume=41 \|issue=16 \|pages=623–641 \|doi=10.5252/geodiversitas2019v41a16 \|s2cid=204256127 \|url=http://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/en/periodiques/geodiversitas/41/16 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 176 ⟶ 177: \|- \| ''[[Indrasaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Jingmai ~~O’Connor~~O'Connor \|author2=Xiaoting Zheng \|author3=Liping Dong \|author4=Xiaoli Wang \|author5=Yan Wang \|author6=Xiaomei Zhang \|author7=Zhonghe Zhou \|year=2019 \|title=''Microraptor'' with ingested lizard suggests non-specialized digestive function \|journal=Current Biology \|volume=29 \|issue=14 \|pages=2423–2429.e2 \|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.020 \|pmid=31303494 \|s2cid=195887207 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 182 ⟶ 183: Valid \| ~~O’Connor~~O'Connor ''et al.'' \| [[Early Cretaceous]] Line 212 ⟶ 213: \|- \| ''[[Lapparentophis\|Lapparentophis ragei]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=Romain Vullo \|year=2019 \|title= A new species of ''Lapparentophis'' from the mid-Cretaceous Kem Kem beds, Morocco, with remarks on the distribution of lapparentophiid snakes \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=7 \|pages=765–770 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2019.08.004 \|s2cid=210297438 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 248 ⟶ 249: \|- \| ''[[Ophisaurus manchenioi]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Hugues-Alexandre Blain \|author2=Salvador Bailon \|year=2019 \|title=Extirpation of ''Ophisaurus'' (Anguimorpha, Anguidae) in Western Europe coincided with the disappearance of subtropical ecosystems at the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition \|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology \|volume=520 \|pages=96–113 \|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.01.023 \|s2cid=135280617 }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 261 ⟶ 262: {{Flag\|Spain}} \| An [[Anguidae\|anguid]] [[lizard]], a species of ''[[Ophisaurus]]''. \| \|- \| ''[[Palaeopython\|Palaeopython helveticus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal \|author1=Georgios L. Georgalis \|author2=Torsten M. Scheyer \|year=2019 \|title=A new species of ''Palaeopython'' (Serpentes) and other extinct squamates from the Eocene of Dielsdorf (Zurich, Switzerland) \|journal=[[Swiss Journal of Geosciences]] \|volume=112 \|issue=2–3 \|pages=383–417 \|doi=10.1007/s00015-019-00341-6 \|s2cid=195374710 \|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/171167/24/2019_Georgalis_93.pdf \|access-date=2019-08-06 \|archive-date=2020-02-28 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228235812/https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/171167/24/2019_Georgalis_93.pdf \|url-status=dead }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 300 ⟶ 301: \|- \| ''[[Paradorsetisaurus]]''<ref name=Paradorsetisaurus>{{Cite journal\|author=V.R. Alifanov \|year=2019 \|title=Lizards of the families Dorsetisauridae and Xenosauridae (Anguimorpha) from the Aptian-Albian of Mongolia \|journal=Paleontological Journal \|volume=53 \|issue=2 \|pages=183–193 \|doi=10.1134/S0031030119020023 \|s2cid=195302163 \|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37068691 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 334 ⟶ 335: \|- \| ''[[Periergophis]]''<ref name=Periergophis>{{cite journal \|author1=Georgios L. Georgalis \|author2=Andrea Villa \|author3=Martin Ivanov \|author4=Davit Vasilyan \|author5=Massimo Delfino \|year=2019 \|title=Fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene locality of Maramena (Greece), the most diverse European herpetofauna at the Miocene/Pliocene transition boundary \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=3 \|pages=Article number 22.3.68 \|doi=10.26879/908 \|s2cid=210621662 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=2318/1715071 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 351 ⟶ 352: \|- \| ''[[Portunatasaurus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Michelle Campbell Mekarski \|author2=Dražen Japundžić \|author3=Katarina Krizmanić \|author4=Michael W. Caldwell \|year=2019 \|title=Description of a new basal mosasauroid from the Late Cretaceous of Croatia, with comments on the evolution of the mosasauroid forelimb \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1577872 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1577872 \|s2cid=182237952 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 368 ⟶ 369: \|- \| ''[[Sardophis]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Georgios L. Georgalis \|author2=Marisa Arca \|author3=Lorenzo Rook \|author4=Caterinella Tuveri \|author5=Massimo Delfino \|year=2019 \|title=A new colubroid snake (Serpentes) from the early Pleistocene of Sardinia, Italy \|journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana \|volume=58 \|issue=3 \|pages=277–294 \|doi=10.4435/BSPI.2019.19 \|doi-broken-date=4 July 2025 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 406 ⟶ 407: ===Research=== * Two new specimens of ''[[Eretmorhipis]] carrolldongi'', revealing superficial [[Convergent evolution\|convergence]] with the modern [[platypus]], are described from the [[Lower Triassic]] [[Jialingjiang Formation]] ([[China]]) by Cheng ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Long Cheng \|author2=Ryosuke Motani \|author3=Da-yong Jiang \|author4=Chun-bo Yan \|author5=Andrea Tintori \|author6=Olivier Rieppel \|year=2019 \|title=Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|issue=1 \|~~pages=Article~~ article-number =152 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-37754-6 \|pmid=30679783 \|pmc=6345829 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...9..152C }}</ref> * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of [[Ichthyosauria\|ichthyosaur]]s will be published by Moon (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Benjamin C. Moon \|year=2019 \|title=A new phylogeny of ichthyosaurs (Reptilia: Diapsida) \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=2 \|pages=129–155 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2017.1394922 \|hdl=1983/463e9f78-10b7-4262-9643-0454b4aa7763 \|s2cid=90912678 \|url=https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/142491822/Typescript_A_new_phylogeny_of_ichthyosaurs.pdf }}</ref> * A study on the evolution of ichthyosaur body forms and on its impact on the energy demands of ichthyosaur swimming is published by Gutarra ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Susana Gutarra \|author2=Benjamin C. Moon \|author3=Imran A. Rahman \|author4=Colin Palmer \|author5=Stephan Lautenschlager \|author6=Alison J. Brimacombe \|author7=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=Effects of body plan evolution on the hydrodynamic drag and energy requirements of swimming in ichthyosaurs \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|volume=286 \|issue=1898 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 20182786 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.2786 \|pmid=30836867 \|pmc=6458325 }}</ref> * A study on the flexibility and function of ichthyosaur tails, as indicated by comparisons with shark tails, is published by Crofts, Shehata & Flammang (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=S. B. Crofts \|author2=R. Shehata \|author3=B. Flammang \|year=2019 \|title=Flexibility of heterocercal tails: what can the functional morphology of shark tails tell us about ichthyosaur swimming? \|journal=Integrative Organismal Biology \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|pages=obz002 \|doi=10.1093/iob/obz002 \|pmid=33791519 \|pmc=7671117 }}</ref> * A study on the effects of methodology, missing data and exceptional preservation of fossil specimens in [[lagerstätte]]n on known morphological diversity of fossil animals, as indicated by fossil record of ichthyosaurs, is published by Flannery Sutherland ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Joseph T. Flannery Sutherland \|author2=Benjamin C. Moon \|author3=Thomas L. Stubbs \|author4=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=Does exceptional preservation distort our view of disparity in the fossil record? \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|volume=286 \|issue=1897 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 20190091 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2019.0091 \|pmid=30963850 \|pmc=6408902 }}</ref> * A study on a putative Cretaceous [[mosasaur]] ''"[[Globidens]]" timorensis'' from [[Timor]] is published by Mulder & Jagt (2019), who consider this taxon to be of [[Triassic]] age, and reinterpret it as an ichthyosaur with affinities to the genera ''[[Tholodus]]'' and ''[[Xinminosaurus]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Eric W.A. Mulder \|author2=John W.M. Jagt \|year=2019 \|title=''Globidens(?) timorensis'' E. VON HUENE, 1935: not a durophagous mosasaur, but an enigmatic Triassic ichthyosaur \|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen \|volume=293 \|issue=1 \|pages=107–116 \|doi=10.1127/njgpa/2019/0835 \|s2cid=199112423 }}</ref> * A study on the prevalence and distribution of pathologies in the skeletons of ichthyosaurs from the Lower Jurassic [[Posidonienschiefer Formation]] ([[Germany]]) by Pardo-Pérez, Kear & Maxwell (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Judith M. Pardo-Pérez \|author2=Benjamin Kear \|author3=Erin E. Maxwell \|year=2019 \|title=Palaeoepidemiology in extinct vertebrate populations: factors influencing skeletal health in Jurassic marine reptiles \|journal=Royal Society Open Science \|volume=6 \|issue=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 190264 \|doi=10.1098/rsos.190264 \|pmid=31417732 \|pmc=6689571 \|bibcode=2019RSOS....690264P }}</ref> * Second specimen of ''[[Wahlisaurus]] massarae'' is reported from a quarry in [[Somerset]] ([[United Kingdom]]), from the base of the [[Blue Lias]] Formation ([[Triassic]]–[[Jurassic]] boundary) by Lomax, Evans & Carpenter (2019), extending known geographic and stratigraphic range of the species.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Dean R. Lomax \|author2=Mark Evans \|author3=Simon Carpenter \|year=2019 \|title=An ichthyosaur from the UK Triassic–Jurassic boundary: A second specimen of the leptonectid ichthyosaur ''Wahlisaurus massarae'' Lomax 2016 \|journal=Geological Journal \|volume=54 \|issue=1 \|pages=83–90 \|doi=10.1002/gj.3155 \|s2cid=134448865 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Partial skeleton of a large ichthyosaur from the [[Lower Jurassic]] ([[Sinemurian]]) of [[Warwickshire]], [[England]] is described by Lomax, Porro & Larkin (2019), who assign this specimen to the species ''[[Protoichthyosaurus]] prostaxalis''.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Dean R. Lomax \|author2=Laura B. Porro \|author3=Nigel R. Larkin \|year=2019 \|title=Descriptive anatomy of the largest known specimen of ''Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis'' (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) including computed tomography and digital reconstruction of a three-dimensional skull \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6112 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6112 \|pmid=30643690 \|pmc=6329338 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the skull roof of ''Protoichthyosaurus prostaxalis'', incorporating data from a previously unrecognized specimen, is published online by Lomax, Massare & Evans (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Dean R. Lomax \|author2=Judy A. Massare \|author3=Mark Evans \|year=2019 \|title=New information on the skull roof of ''Protoichthyosaurus'' (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) and intraspecific variation in some dermal skull elements \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=157 \|issue=4 \|pages=640–650 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756819001225 \|s2cid=210267260 }}</ref> * A [[neonate]] specimen of ''[[Ichthyosaurus]] communis'' is described by Lomax ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Dean R. Lomax \|author2=Nigel R. Larkin \|author3=Ian Boomer \|author4=Steven Dey \|author5=Philip Copestake \|year=2019 \|title=The first known neonate ''Ichthyosaurus communis'' skeleton: a rediscovered specimen from the Lower Jurassic, UK \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=31 \|issue=5 \|pages=600–609 \|doi=10.1080/08912963.2017.1382488 \|s2cid=89922569 \|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/43380733/Lomax_etal_2017_HistBiol_I.communis_Neonate_Figs.pdf }}</ref> * A study on the variation of the hindfin [[Morphology (biology)\|morphology]] in the specimens of ''Ichthyosaurus'' and on its taxonomic utility is published by Massare & Lomax (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Judy A. Massare \|author2=Dean R. Lomax \|year=2019 \|title=Hindfins of ''Ichthyosaurus'': effects of large sample size on 'distinct' morphological characters \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=156 \|issue=4 \|pages=725–744 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756818000146 \|bibcode=2019GeoM..156..725M \|s2cid=134945422 \|url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/hindfins-of-ichthyosaurus(c6032eb0-a39b-4f48-8c1b-eb2f81c23d1f).html }}</ref> * A study on the bone microstructure of the skeleton of a specimen of ''[[Stenopterygius]] quadriscissus'' from the Lower Jurassic [[Posidonia Shale]] ([[Germany]]) is published by Anderson ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Katherine L. Anderson \|author2=Patrick S. Druckenmiller \|author3=Gregory M. Erickson \|author4=Erin E. Maxwell \|year=2019 \|title=Skeletal microstructure of ''Stenopterygius quadriscissus'' (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Posidonienschiefer (Posidonia Shale, Lower Jurassic) of Germany \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=3 \|pages=433–449 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12408 \|s2cid=135229818 }}</ref> * A study on the [[Ontogeny\|ontogenetic]] variation in the anatomy of the braincases of members of the genus ''Stenopterygius'' is published by Miedema & Maxwell (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Feiko Miedema \|author2=Erin E. Maxwell \|year=2019 \|title=Ontogeny of the braincase in ''Stenopterygius'' (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Jurassic of Germany \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=4 \|pages=e1675164 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1675164 \|s2cid=209439995 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Description of new ophthalmosaurid fossils from the Upper Jurassic of the Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte ([[Spitsbergen]], [[Norway]]) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of ophthalmosaurid specimens from the Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte is published by Delsett ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Lene L. Delsett \|author2=Aubrey J. Roberts \|author3=Patrick S. Druckenmiller \|author4=Jørn H. Hurum \|year=2019 \|title=Osteology and phylogeny of Late Jurassic ichthyosaurs from the Slottsmøya Member Lagerstätte (Spitsbergen, Svalbard) \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=717–743 \|doi=10.4202/app.00571.2018 \|s2cid=210294877 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=10852/76089 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A revision of the [[type series]] of all three species of ''[[Undorosaurus]]'' is published by Zverkov & Efimov (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Nikolay G. Zverkov \|author2=Vladimir M. Efimov \|year=2019 \|title=Revision of ''Undorosaurus'', a mysterious Late Jurassic ichthyosaur of the Boreal Realm \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=14 \|pages=1183–1213 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1515793 \|bibcode=2019JSPal..17.1183Z \|s2cid=91912834 \|url=https://figshare.com/articles/Revision_of_i_Undorosaurus_i_a_mysterious_Late_Jurassic_ichthyosaur_of_the_Boreal_Realm/7624868 }}</ref> * A study on the taxonomy and phylogeny of ichthyosaurs belonging to the genus ''[[Arthropterygius]]'' is published by Zverkov & Prilepskaya (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Nikolay G. Zverkov \|author2=Natalya E. Prilepskaya \|year=2019 \|title=A prevalence of ''Arthropterygius'' (Ichthyosauria: Ophthalmosauridae) in the Late Jurassic—earliest Cretaceous of the Boreal Realm \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6799 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6799 \|pmid=31106052 \|pmc=6497043 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * New fossil remains of ''[[Platypterygius]] sachicarum'' (a new skull and associated postcranial remains of upper [[Barremian]] age) are described from Villa de Leyva, [[Colombia]] by Maxwell ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first documented postcranial remains of this species.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Erin E. Maxwell \|author2=Dirley Cortés \|author3=Pedro Patarroyo \|author4=Mary Luz Parra Ruge \|year=2019 \|title=A new specimen of ''Platypterygius sachicarum'' (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=1 \|pages=e1577875 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1577875 \|s2cid=146059015 }}</ref> ===New taxa=== Line 439 ⟶ 440: \|- \| ''[[Arthropterygius\|Arthropterygius thalassonotus]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Lisandro Campos \|author2=Marta S. Fernández \|author3=Yanina Herrera \|year=2020 \|title=A new ichthyosaur from the Late Jurassic of north-west Patagonia (Argentina) and its significance for the evolution of the narial complex of the ophthalmosaurids \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=188 \|issue=1 \|pages=180–201 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz095 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 456 ⟶ 457: \|- \| ''[[Chaohusaurus\|Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Jian-dong Huang \|author2=Ryosuke Motani \|author3=Da-yong Jiang \|author4=Andrea Tintori \|author5=Olivier Rieppel \|author6=Min Zhou \|author7=Xin-Xin Ren \|author8=Rong Zhang \|year=2019 \|title=The new ichthyosauriform ''Chaohusaurus brevifemoralis'' (Reptilia, Ichthyosauromorpha) from Majiashan, Chaohu, Anhui Province, China \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e7561 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.7561 \|pmid=31565558 \|pmc=6741286 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 469 ⟶ 470: {{Flag\|China}} \| \|[[File:Chaohusaurus_brevifemoralis_Holotype_NGMC.jpg\|center\|frameless]] \|▼ \|- \|} Line 475 ⟶ 476: ==Sauropterygians== ===Research=== * A study on the bone [[histology]] of sauropterygians, and on its implications for the knowledge of the evolution of diving adaptations of members of this group, is published by Fleischle ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Corinna V. Fleischle \|author2=P. Martin Sander \|author3=Tanja Wintrich \|author4=Kai R. Caspar \|year=2019 \|title=Hematological convergence between Mesozoic marine reptiles (Sauropterygia) and extant aquatic amniotes elucidates diving adaptations in plesiosaurs \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e8022 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.8022 \|pmid=31763069 \|pmc=6873879 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the microstructure of ribs and vertebrae of [[Middle Triassic]] sauropterygians is published by Klein, Canoville & Houssaye (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Nicole Klein \|author2=Aurore Canoville \|author3=Alexandra Houssaye \|year=2019 \|title=Microstructure of vertebrae, ribs, and gastralia of Triassic sauropterygians – New insights into the microanatomical processes involved in aquatic adaptations of marine reptiles \|journal=The Anatomical Record \|volume=302 \|issue=10 \|pages=1770–1791 \|doi=10.1002/ar.24140 \|pmid=30989828 \|s2cid=117721335 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the [[taphonomy]] of sauropterygian specimens from the Middle Triassic fossil deposit of Winterswijk (the [[Netherlands]]) is published by Heijne, Klein & Sander (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Jelle Heijne \|author2=Nicole Klein \|author3=P. Martin Sander \|year=2019 \|title=The uniquely diverse taphonomy of the marine reptile skeletons (Sauropterygia) from the Lower Muschelkalk (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands \|journal=PalZ \|volume=93 \|issue=1 \|pages=69–92 \|doi=10.1007/s12542-018-0438-0 \|s2cid=133992814 }}</ref> * The first subadult specimen of ''[[Psephochelys]] polyosteoderma'', representing the most complete specimen of this taxon reported so far and providing new information on the anatomy of this taxon, is described from ~~south‐western~~south-western [[China]] by Wang, Ma & Li (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Wei Wang \|author2=Feimin Ma \|author3=Chun Li \|year=2019 \|title=First subadult specimen of ''Psephochelys polyosteoderma'' (Sauropterygia, Placodontia) implies ~~turtle‐like~~turtle-like fusion pattern of the carapace \|journal=Papers in Palaeontology \|volume=6 \|issue=2 \|pages=251–264 \|doi=10.1002/spp2.1293 \|s2cid=212865203 }}</ref> * The first adult specimen of ''[[Sinocyamodus]] xinpuensis'' reported so far is described by Wang, Li & Wu (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Wei Wang \|author2=Chun Li \|author3=Xiao-Chun Wu \|year=2019 \|title=An adult specimen of ''Sinocyamodus xinpuensis'' (Sauropterygia: Placodontia) from Guanling, Guizhou, China \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=185 \|issue=3 \|pages=910–924 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly080 }}</ref> * Two [[pachypleurosaur]] specimens are described from the Lashio Basin ([[Myanmar]]) by San ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first [[Triassic]] vertebrate fossils from Myanmar reported so far.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Khaing Khaing San \|author2=Nicholas C. Fraser \|author3=Davide Foffa \|author4=Olivier Rieppel \|author5=Stephen L. Brusatte \|year=2019 \|title=The first Triassic vertebrate fossils from Myanmar: Pachypleurosaurs in a marine limestone \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=2 \|pages=357–362 \|doi=10.4202/app.00594.2019 \|s2cid=149583826 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=20.500.11820/5fa5756a-4e76-4f62-b444-413ff379fbbd \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A large marine sauropterygian belonging or related to [[Nothosaur]]oidea is described from the Triassic (probably [[Olenekian]]) [[Sulphur Mountain Formation]] ([[British Columbia]], [[Canada]]) by Scheyer, Neuman & Brinkman (2019), representing one of the oldest records of Sauropterygia and the northernmost occurrence of such animals in the Triassic.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Torsten M. Scheyer \|author2=Andrew G. Neuman \|author3=Donald B. Brinkman \|year=2019 \|title=A large marine eosauropterygian reptile with affinities to nothosauroid diapsids from the Early Triassic of British Columbia, Canada \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=745–755 \|doi=10.4202/app.00599.2019 \|s2cid=204794697 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on life history of ''[[Nothosaurus]]'', as indicated by growth curves determined from [[Humerus\|humeral]] [[histology]], and on its implications for inferring reproduction mode of this animal, is published by Griebeler & Klein (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Eva M. Griebeler \|author2=Nicole Klein \|year=2019 \|title=~~Life‐history~~Life-history strategies indicate ~~live‐bearing~~live-bearing in ''Nothosaurus'' (Sauropterygia) \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=4 \|pages=697–713 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12425 \|s2cid=133629062 }}</ref> * Description of microbodies extracted from a bone of ''[[Nothosaurus]]'' from the [[Middle Triassic]] of [[Poland]], reported as morphologically consistent with bone cells of present-day vertebrates, is published online by Surmik ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=D. Surmik \|author2=M. Dulski \|author3=B. Kremer \|author4=J. Szade \|author5=R. Pawlicki \|year=2019 \|title=Iron-mediated deep-time preservation of osteocytes in a Middle Triassic reptile bone \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=2 \|pages=186–193 ~~1–8~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1599884 \|s2cid=146090823 }}</ref> * An articulated juvenile specimen of ''[[Yunguisaurus]] liae'', providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is described from the [[Ladinian]] [[Falang Formation]] ([[China]]) by Wang ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Xue Wang \|author2=Hao Lu \|author3=Da-Yong Jiang \|author4=Min Zhou \|author5=Zuo-Yu Sun \|year=2019 \|title=A new specimen of ''Yunguisaurus'' (Reptilia; Sauropterygia) from the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) Zhuganpo Member, Falang Formation, Guizhou, China and the restudy of ''Dingxiaosaurus'' \|journal=Palaeoworld \|volume=29 \|issue=1 \|pages=137–150 \|doi=10.1016/j.palwor.2019.05.006 \|s2cid=181711576 }}</ref> * A study on [[hydrodynamics]] of neck length and thickness in plesiosaurs is published by Troelsen ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Pernille V. Troelsen \|author2=David M. Wilkinson \|author3=Mehdi Seddighi \|author4=David R. Allanson \|author5=Peter L. Falkingham \|year=2019 \|title=Functional morphology and hydrodynamics of plesiosaur necks: Does size matter? \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=2 \|pages=e1594850 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1594850 \|s2cid=181587237 \|url=https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/10242/1/Troelsen%20et%20al.pdf }}</ref> * Pathological fusions of neck vertebrae are reported in four plesiosaur specimens from different geological horizons by Sassoon (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Judyth Sassoon \|year=2019 \|title=Congenital and late onset vertebral fusions in long necked plesiosaurs: The first report of spondylosis deformans in Sauropterygians \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=1 \|pages=Article number 22.1.1 \|doi=10.26879/913 \|s2cid=135461586 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Four teeth of a freshwater plesiosaur are described from the [[Middle Jurassic]] [[Xinhe Formation]] ([[Gansu]], [[China]]) by Gao ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Ting Gao \|author2=Da-Qing Li \|author3=Long-Feng Li \|author4=Jing-Tao Yang \|year=2019 \|title=The first record of freshwater plesiosaurian from the Middle Jurassic of Gansu, NW China, with its implications to the local palaeobiogeography \|journal=Journal of Palaeogeography \|volume=8 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =27 \|doi=10.1186/s42501-019-0043-5 \|bibcode=2019JPalG...8...27G \|s2cid=199547716 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * The first plesiosaur remains from [[Peru]] are described from the Lower Cretaceous [[La Herradura Formation]] by Meza-Vélez & ~~O’Gorman~~O'Gorman (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Iván Meza-Vélez \|author2=José P. ~~O’Gorman~~O'Gorman \|year=2019 \|title=First plesiosaurian record (Diapsida; Sauropterygia) from the La Herradura Formation, (Valanginian–Hauterivian), Morro Solar, Peru \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=106 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 104247 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104247 \|s2cid=204267246 }}</ref> * A review of the fossil record of Late Cretaceous Antarctic plesiosaurs is published by O'Gorman ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=José Patricio O'Gorman \|author2=Rodrigo Otero \|author3=Marcelo Reguero \|author4=Zulma Gasparini \|year=2019 \|title=Cretaceous Antarctic plesiosaurs: stratigraphy, systematics and paleobiogeography \|journal=Advances in Polar Science \|volume=30 \|issue=3 \|pages=210–227 \|doi=10.13679/j.advps.2018.0049 }}</ref> * Fossils of a large-bodied pliosaurid-like plesiosaur are described from the [[Middle Jurassic]] ([[Bajocian]]) [[Passwang Formation]] ([[Switzerland]]) by Sachs, Klug & Kear (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Sven Sachs \|author2=Christian Klug \|author3=Benjamin P. Kear \|year=2019 \|title=Rare evidence of a giant pliosaurid-like plesiosaur from the Middle Jurassic (lower Bajocian) of Switzerland \|journal=[[Swiss Journal of Palaeontology]] \|volume=138 \|issue=2 \|pages=337–342 \|doi=10.1007/s13358-019-00200-9 \|s2cid=207827907 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the morphology of the teeth and skull of ''[[Megacephalosaurus]] eulerti'', and on their implications for assessing the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Madzia, Sachs & Lindgren (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Daniel Madzia \|author2=Sven Sachs \|author3=Johan Lindgren \|year=2019 \|title=Morphological and phylogenetic aspects of the dentition of ''Megacephalosaurus eulerti'', a pliosaurid from the Turonian of Kansas, USA, with remarks on the cranial anatomy of the taxon \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=156 \|issue=7 \|pages=1201–1216 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756818000523 \|bibcode=2019GeoM..156.1201M \|s2cid=133859507 }}</ref> * An isolated [[Pliosauridae\|pliosaurid]] tooth crown is described from the [[Hauterivian]] of [[Austria]] by Lukeneder & Zverkov (2019), representing the first pliosaur from this country and the second occurrence of conical-toothed pliosaurid in the Hauterivian worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Alexander Lukeneder \|author2=Nikolay Zverkov \|year=2019 \|title=First evidence of a conical-toothed pliosaurid (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) in the Hauterivian of the Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=106 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 104248 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104248 \|s2cid=204251536 }}</ref> * A new specimen of ''[[Stenorhynchosaurus]] munozi'' is described from the upper [[Barremian]] of the Arcillolitas Abigarradas Member of the [[Paja Formation]] ([[Colombia]]) by [[María Páramo\|Páramo-Fonseca]], Benavides-Cabra & Gutiérrez (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=María E. Páramo-Fonseca \|author2=Cristian D. Benavides-Cabra \|author3=Ingry E. Gutiérrez \|year=2019 \|title=A new specimen of ''Stenorhynchosaurus munozi'' Páramo-Fonseca et al., 2016 (Plesiosauria, Pliosauridae), from the Barremian of Colombia: new morphological features and ontogenetic implications \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=4 \|pages=e1663426 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1663426 \|s2cid=208561823 }}</ref> * Description of fossils of plesiosaurs from the Late Jurassic of European [[Russia]] belonging or related to the genus ''[[Colymbosaurus]]'', and a study evaluating the [[Biogeography#Paleobiogeography\|palaeobiogeographic]] implications of these fossils, is published online by Arkhangelsky ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Maxim S. Arkhangelsky \|author2=Nikolay G. Zverkov \|author3=Mikhail A. Rogov \|author4=Ilya M. Stenshin \|author5=Evgeniya M. Baykina \|year=2019 \|title=Colymbosaurines from the Upper Jurassic of European Russia and their implication for palaeobiogeography of marine reptiles \|journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments \|volume=100 \|issue=1 \|pages=197–218 \|doi=10.1007/s12549-019-00397-0 \|s2cid=201983459 }}</ref> * A study on the mobility of the neck of ''[[Cryptoclidus]] eurymerus'' is published by Wintrich ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Tanja Wintrich \|author2=René Jonas \|author3=Hans-Joachim Wilke \|author4=Lars Schmitz \|author5=P. Martin Sander \|year=2019 \|title=Neck mobility in the Jurassic plesiosaur ''Cryptoclidus eurymerus'': finite element analysis as a new approach to understanding the cervical skeleton in fossil vertebrates \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e7658 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.7658 \|pmid=31720095 \|pmc=6842296 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * New plesiosaur fossils are described from the [[Barremian]] levels of the [[Arcillas de Morella Formation]] ([[Spain]]) by Quesada ''et al.'' (2019), including the first [[Leptocleididae\|leptocleidid]] fossil reported from the [[Iberian Peninsula]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=J.M. Quesada \|author2=A. Pérez-García \|author3=J.M. Gasulla \|author4=F. Ortega \|year=2019 \|title=Plesiosauria remains from the Barremian of Morella (Castellón, Spain) and first identification of Leptocleididae in the Iberian record \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=94 \|pages=8–24 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.010 \|s2cid=134139253 }}</ref> * A study on the skull [[Morphology (biology)\|morphology]] of two specimens of ''[[Dolichorhynchops]] bonneri'' from the [[Pierre Shale]] of [[South Dakota]], as well as on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Morgan & O'Keefe (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Donald J. Morgan III \|author2=F. Robin O'Keefe \|year=2019 \|title=The cranial osteology of two specimens of ''Dolichorhynchops bonneri'' (Plesiosauria, Polycotylidae) from the Campanian of South Dakota, and a cladistic analysis of the Polycotylidae \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=96 \|pages=149–171 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.027 \|s2cid=134887820 }}</ref> * A study on bone [[histology]] and ontogeny of the gravid specimen of ''[[Polycotylus]] latipinnus'' displayed at the [[Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History]], and on its implications for interpreting a histological growth series in ''Dolichorhynchops bonneri'', is published by ~~O’Keefe~~O'Keefe ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=F. R. ~~O’Keefe~~O'Keefe \|author2=P. M. Sander \|author3=T. Wintrich \|author4=S. Werning \|year=2019 \|title=Ontogeny of polycotylid long bone microanatomy and histology \|journal=Integrative Organismal Biology \|volume=1 \|issue=1 \|pages=oby007 \|doi=10.1093/iob/oby007 \|pmid=33791514 \|pmc=7671113 }}</ref> * Skull and neck bones of an [[Elasmosauridae\|elasmosaurid]] plesiosaur are described from the [[Cenomanian]] [[Hegushi Formation]] ([[Japan]]) by Utsunomiya (2019), representing the oldest confirmed elasmosaurid in Japan and in East Asia.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Satoshi Utsunomiya \|year=2019 \|title=Oldest Elasmosauridae(Plesiosauria) in East Asia from the Upper Cretaceous Goshoura Group, Shishijima Island, southwestern Japan \|journal=Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History \|volume=73 \|pages=23–35 \|doi=10.20643/00001333 }}</ref> * A postcranial skeleton of an elasmosaurid belonging or related to the genus ''[[Aristonectes]]'' is described from the uppermost [[Maastrichtian]] levels of the [[Lopez de Bertodano Formation]] ([[Seymour Island]], [[Antarctica]]) by O'Gorman ''et al.'' (2019), who report that this specimen is one of the largest known elasmosaurid specimens worldwide.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=J.P. O'Gorman \|author2=S. Santillana \|author3=R. Otero \|author4=M. Reguero \|year=2019 \|title=A giant elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia; Plesiosauria) from Antarctica: new information on elasmosaurid body size diversity and aristonectine evolutionary scenarios \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=102 \|pages=37–58 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.05.004 \|s2cid=181725020 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Kawanectes]] lafquenianum'' from the upper [[Campanian]]–[[Maastrichtian]] levels of the [[La Colonia Formation]] ([[Argentina]]), extending known stratigraphical range of this taxon and providing new information on diagnostic character states for ''K. lafquenianum'', is published online by O'Gorman (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=José Patricio O'Gorman \|year=2019 \|title=First record of ''Kawanectes lafquenianum'' (Plesiosauria, Elasmosauridae) from the La Colonia Formation of Argentina, with comments on the mandibular morphology of elasmosaurids \|journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology \|volume=~~in press~~44 \|issue=1 \|pages=176–193 \|doi=10.1080/03115518.2019.1687754 \|s2cid=213090343 }}</ref> * Digital [[endocast]]s of two specimens of ''[[Libonectes]] morgani'' and a [[Polycotylidae\|polycotylid]] from the [[Turonian]] of Goulmima ([[Morocco]]) are reconstructed by Allemand ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Rémi Allemand \|author2=Alexandra Houssaye \|author3=Nathalie Bardet \|author4=Peggy Vincent \|year=2019 \|title=Endocranial anatomy of plesiosaurians (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Late Cretaceous (Turonian) of Goulmima (Southern Morocco) \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=2 \|pages=e1595636 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1595636 \|s2cid=181790183 \|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02354078/file/Allemand%20et%20al%202019%20Endocranial%20anatomy%20of%20plesiosaurians.pdf }}</ref> ===New taxa=== Line 518 ⟶ 519: \|- \| ''[[Cyamodus\|Cyamodus orientalis]]'' <ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Wei Wang \|author2=Chun Li \|author3=Torsten M. Scheyer \|author4=Lijun Zhao \|year=2019 \|title=A new species of ''Cyamodus'' (Placodontia, Sauropterygia) from the early Late Triassic of south-west China \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=17 \|pages=1457–1476 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1535455 \|s2cid=91579582 }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 535 ⟶ 536: \|- \| ''[[Glyphoderma\|Glyphoderma robusta]]'' <ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Jinyuan Hu \|author2=Tao Jiang \|author3=Zhiguang Li \|year=2019 \|title=A new species of ''Glyphoderma'' (Reptilia: Placodontia) of Middle Triassic from Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province, China \|journal=Journal of Geology \|volume=43 \|issue=4 \|pages=595–598 \|url=http://eng.oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbCode=cjfq&QueryID=11&CurRec=8&filename=JSDZ201904008&dbname=CJFDLAST2020 \|access-date=2020-05-03 \|archive-date=2020-09-13 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913000918/http://eng.oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbCode=cjfq&QueryID=11&CurRec=8&filename=JSDZ201904008&dbname=CJFDLAST2020 \|url-status=dead }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 552 ⟶ 553: \|- \| ''[[Leivanectes]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Maria Eurídice Páramo-Fonseca \|author2=José Patricio O'Gorman \|author3=Zulma Gasparini \|author4=Santiago Padilla \|author5=Mary Luz Parra Ruge \|year=2019 \|title=A new late Aptian elasmosaurid from the Paja Formation, Villa de Leiva, Colombia \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=99 \|pages=30–40 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.02.010 \|hdl=11336/127809 \|s2cid=134171636 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 570 ⟶ 571: \|- \| ''[[Lindwurmia]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Peggy Vincent \|author2=Glenn W. Storrs \|year=2019 \|title=''Lindwurmia'', a new genus of Plesiosauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the earliest Jurassic of Halberstadt, northwest Germany \|journal=The Science of Nature \|volume=106 \|issue=1–2 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 5 \|doi=10.1007/s00114-018-1600-y \|pmid=30689058 \|bibcode=2019SciNa.106....5V \|s2cid=59304744 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 584 ⟶ 585: \| An early member of [[Plesiosauria]]. Genus includes new species ''L. thiuda''. \|[[File:Museum_Heineanum_Rudersaurier_Eurycleidus_arcuatus.jpg\|center\|frameless]] \|▼ \|- \| ''[[Microcleidus\|Microcleidus melusinae]]'' <ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Peggy Vincent \|author2=Robert Weis \|author3=Guy Kronz \|author4=Dominique Delsate \|year=2019 \|title=''Microcleidus melusinae'', a new plesiosaurian (Reptilia, Plesiosauria) from the Toarcian of Luxembourg \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=99–116 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756817000814 \|bibcode=2019GeoM..156...99V \|s2cid=135111068 \|url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02298448/file/Vincent%20et%20al.%20-%202019%20-%20Microcleidus%20melusinae%2C%20a%20new%20plesiosaurian%20%28Repti.pdf }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 604 ⟶ 605: \|- \| ''[[Nothosaurus\|Nothosaurus cristatus]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Juliane K. Hinz \|author2=Andreas T. Matzke \|author3=Hans-Ulrich Pfretzschner \|year=2019 \|title=A new nothosaur (Sauropterygia) from the Ladinian of Vellberg-Eschenau, southern Germany \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=2 \|pages=e1585364 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1585364 \|s2cid=155775644 }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 621 ⟶ 622: \|- \| ''[[Panzhousaurus]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Da-Yong Jiang \|author2=Wen-Bin Lin \|author3=Olivier Rieppel \|author4=Ryosuke Motani \|author5=Zuo-Yu Sun \|year=2019 \|title=A new Anisian (Middle Triassic) eosauropterygian (Reptilia, Sauropterygia) from Panzhou, Guizhou Province, China \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=38 \|issue=4 \|pages=(1)–(9) \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1480113 \|s2cid=109794338 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 635 ⟶ 636: \| An early member of [[Eosauropterygia]]. Genus includes new species ''P. rotundirostris''. \|▼ \|-▼ \|''[[Zahrisaurus]]''<ref>Malkani, M. (2019) Recently Discovered Basilosaurid, Baluchithere Rhinoceros, Horses, Sea Cow, Proboscidean, Eucrocodile, Pterosaurs, Plesiosaur, Fishes, Invertebrates and Wood Fossils, Tracks and Trackways of Dinosaurs from Pakistan; Comparison of Recognized Four Titanosaur Taxa of Indo-Pakistan with Madagascar. Open Journal of Geology, 9, 919-955. doi: 10.4236/ojg.2019.912098.</ref> ~~\|Gen. et sp. nov~~ ~~\|Dubious~~ ~~\|Malkani~~ ~~\|[[Jurassic]]~~ ~~\|[[Chiltan Limestone]]~~ \|{{Flag\|Pakistan}}▼ ~~\|A dubious [[plesiosaur]]. The intended type species is "''Z. kilmoolai''".~~ \| \|- Line 651 ⟶ 642: ==Turtles== ===Research=== * A study on the phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil turtles is published by Evers & Benson (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Serjoscha W. Evers \|author2=Roger B. J. Benson \|year=2019 \|title=A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=1 \|pages=93–134 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12384 \|s2cid=134736808 \|url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:33a26ae9-a5f6-43b5-ace1-2d17b1dadeb6 }}</ref> * A study on the evolution and [[Ontogeny\|ontogenetic]] development of the akinetic skull of turtles, based on data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Werneburg & Maier (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Ingmar Werneburg \|author2=Wolfgang Maier \|year=2019 \|title=Diverging development of akinetic skulls in cryptodire and pleurodire turtles: an ontogenetic and phylogenetic study \|journal=Vertebrate Zoology \|volume=69 \|issue=2 \|pages=113–143 \|doi=10.26049/VZ69-2-2019-01 }}</ref> * A study on the [[histology]] of shell bones of extant and fossil turtles, evaluating its utility for determination of habitat of fossil turtles, is published online by Jannello, Cerda & de la Fuente (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Juan M. Jannello \|author2=Ignacio A. Cerda \|author3=Marcelo S. de la Fuente \|year=2019 \|title=The relationship between bone shell microanatomy and palaeoecology in Testudinata from South America \|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology \|volume=537 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 109412 \|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109412 \|s2cid=210293162 }}</ref> * A study on the shell composition in [[Proterochersidae\|proterochersids]] and other [[Triassic]] [[Pantestudines\|pantestudinates]] is published by Szczygielski & Sulej (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Tomasz Szczygielski \|author2=Tomasz Sulej \|year=2019 \|title=The early composition and evolution of the turtle shell (Reptilia, Testudinata) \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=3 \|pages=375–415 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12403 \|s2cid=134011993 }}</ref> * Fragmentary fossil material of a [[Basal (phylogenetics)\|basal]] turtle belonging to the clade [[Mesochelydia]] is described from the [[Lower Cretaceous]] Teete locality ([[Sakha Republic\|Yakutia]], [[Russia]]) by Skutschas ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Pavel P. Skutschas \|author2=Valentina D. Markova \|author3=Veniamin V. Kolchanov \|author4=Alexander O. Averianov \|author5=Thomas Martin \|author6=Rico Schellhorn \|author7=Petr N. Kolosov \|author8=Dmitry V. Grigoriev \|author9=Dmitry D. Vitenko \|author10=Ekaterina M. Obraztsova \|author11=Igor G. Danilov \|year=2019 \|title=Basal turtle material from the Lower Cretaceous of Yakutia (Russia) filling the gap in the Asian record \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=106 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 104186 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.07.016 \|s2cid=202195840 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Condorchelys]] antiqua'', and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of early turtles, is published by Sterli, de la Fuente & Rougier (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Juliana Sterli \|author2=Marcelo S. de la Fuente \|author3=Guillermo W. Rougier \|year=2019 \|title=New remains of ''Condorchelys antiqua'' (Testudinata) from the Early-Middle Jurassic of Patagonia: anatomy, phylogeny, and paedomorphosis in the early evolution of turtles \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=38 \|issue=4 \|pages=(1)–(17) \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112 \|s2cid=109556104 \|hdl=11336/99525 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the endocranial anatomy of ''[[Naomichelys]] speciosa'' is published by Paulina-Carabajal, Sterli & Werneburg (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Ariana Paulina-Carabajal \|author2=Juliana Sterli \|author3=Ingmar Werneburg \|year=2019 \|title=The endocranial anatomy of the stem turtle ''Naomichelys speciosa'' from the Early Cretaceous of North America \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=711–716 \|doi=10.4202/app.00606.2019 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=11336/175025 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Peligrochelys]] walshae'' from the [[Paleocene]] ([[Danian]]) [[Salamanca Formation]] ([[Argentina]]), and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Sterli & de la Fuente (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Juliana Sterli \|author2=Marcelo S. de la Fuente \|year=2019 \|title=Cranial and post-cranial remains and phylogenetic relationships of the Gondwanan meiolaniform turtle ''Peligrochelys walshae'' from the Paleocene of Chubut, Argentina \|journal=Journal of Paleontology \|volume=93 \|issue=4 \|pages=798–821 \|doi=10.1017/jpa.2019.11 \|s2cid=146608711 }}</ref> * The only complete shell of ''[[Eocenochelus]]'' identified so far is described from the [[Eocene]] ([[Lutetian]]) [[Sobrarbe Formation]] ([[Spain]]) by Pérez-García ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=A. Pérez-García \|author2=E. Díaz-Berenguer \|author3=A. Badiola \|author4=J.I. Canudo \|year=2019 \|title=An unexpected finding: identification of the first complete shell of the Franco-Belgian middle Eocene littoral pleurodiran turtle ''Eocenochelus eremberti'' in Spain \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=4 \|pages=527–533 ~~1–7~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1644330 \|s2cid=199637318 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Neusticemys]] neuquina'' from the Upper Jurassic of the Neuquén Basin ([[Argentina]]) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published online by Ruiz, de la Fuente & Fernández (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=P. González Ruiz \|author2=M. S. de la Fuente \|author3=M.S. Fernández \|year=2019 \|title=New cranial fossils of the Jurassic turtle ''Neusticemys neuquina'' and phylogenetic relationships of the only thalassochelydian known from the eastern Pacific \|journal=Journal of Paleontology \|volume=94 \|issue=1 \|pages=145–164 \|doi=10.1017/jpa.2019.74 \|s2cid=210611801 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Plesiochelys]] bigleri'' from the [[Kimmeridgian]] Banné Marls ([[Switzerland]]), providing new information on the anatomy of this species, is published by Raselli & Anquetin (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Irena Raselli \|author2=Jérémy Anquetin \|year=2019 \|title=Novel insights into the morphology of ''Plesiochelys bigleri'' from the early Kimmeridgian of Northwestern Switzerland \|journal=~~PLoS~~PLOS ONE \|volume=14 \|issue=5 \|pages=e0214629 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0214629 \|pmid=31091241 \|pmc=6519798 \|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1414629R \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A shell of ''Plesiochelys bigleri'' which might have been trodden on by a large [[Sauropoda\|sauropod]] dinosaur, representing the first evidence that these turtles occasionally visited [[tidal flat]] environments, is reported from the Late Jurassic of Porrentruy (Swiss [[Jura Mountains]]) by Püntener ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Christian Püntener \|author2=Jean-Paul Billon-Bruyat \|author3=Daniel Marty \|author4=Géraldine Paratte \|year=2019 \|title=Under the feet of sauropods: a trampled coastal marine turtle from the Late Jurassic of Switzerland? \|journal=[[Swiss Journal of Geosciences]] \|volume=112 \|issue=2–3 \|pages=507–515 \|doi=10.1007/s00015-019-00347-0 \|s2cid=202565198 \|url=http://osf.io/2atnq/ }}</ref> * Redescription of the [[holotype]] specimen of ''[[Nanhsiungchelys]] wuchingensis'' is published by Tong & Li (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Haiyan Tong \|author2=Lu Li \|year=2019 \|title=A revision of the holotype of ''Nanhsiungchelys wuchingensis'', Ye, 1966 (Testudines: Cryptodira: Trionychoidae: Nanhsiungchelyidae) \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=95 \|pages=151–163 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2018.11.003 \|s2cid=133937906 }}</ref> * A review of the [[Araripemydidae\|araripemydid]] fossil record from Africa is published by Pérez-García (2019), who considers ''Laganemys tenerensis'' to be a [[Synonym (taxonomy)\|junior synonym]] of ''[[Taquetochelys]] decorata''.<ref>{{cite journal \|author=Adán Pérez-García \|year=2019 \|title=Identification of the Lower Cretaceous pleurodiran turtle ''Taquetochelys decorata'' as the only African araripemydid species \|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol \|volume=18 \|issue=1 \|pages=24–32 \|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2018.04.004 \|bibcode=2019CRPal..18...24P \|s2cid=134080281 }}</ref> * A revision of the fossil record of the non-[[Baenidae\|baenid]] members of the clade [[Paracryptodira]] is published by Joyce & Anquetin (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Walter G. Joyce \|author2=Jérémy Anquetin \|year=2019 \|title=A review of the fossil record of nonbaenid turtles of the clade Paracryptodira \|journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History \|volume=60 \|issue=2 \|pages=129–155 \|doi=10.3374/014.060.0204 \|s2cid=203780510 \|url=http://osf.io/8v6mx/ }}</ref> * Description of fossils of ''[[Ordosemys]] leios'' from the Lower Cretaceous [[Mengyin Formation]] ([[China]]), and a study on their implications for inferring the ecology of this species and the age of the [[Luohandong Formation]] of the [[Ordos Basin]], is published by Li ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Da-Qing Li \|author2=Chang-Fu Zhou \|author3=Lan Li \|author4=Jing-Tao Yang \|author5=Longfeng Li \|author6=Márton Rabi \|year=2019 \|title=The sinemydid turtle ''Ordosemys'' from the Lower Cretaceous Mengyin Formation of Shandong, China and its implication for the age of the Luohandong Formation of the Ordos Basin \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6229 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6229 \|pmid=30671300 \|pmc=6338100 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Fossil specimens belonging to the species ''Ordosemys liaoxiensis'', otherwise known from the older [[Yixian Formation]] of the [[Jehol Biota]], are described from the Lower Cretaceous [[Hengtongshan Formation]] ([[Jilin]], [[China]]) by Zhou, Wu & Rabi (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Chang-Fu Zhou \|author2=Wen-Hao Wu \|author3=Márton Rabi \|year=2019 \|title=Presence of the Jehol Biota turtle ''Ordosemys liaoxiensis'' in the Early Cretaceous Hengtongshan Formation of southern Jilin Province, China \|journal=Fossil Record \|volume=22 \|issue=2 \|pages=57–64 \|doi=10.5194/fr-22-57-2019 \|s2cid=203380800 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on shifts of range of the [[European pond turtle]] in Eastern Europe throughout the [[Holocene]], based on data from [[subfossil]] remains from archaeological sites, is published by Nekrasova ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Oksana Nekrasova \|author2=Yevheniia Yanish \|author3=Volodymyr Tytar \|author4=Mihails Pupins \|year=2019 \|title=GIS-modeling of the range shifts of the sub-fossil and extant European pond turtle (''Emys orbicularis'') in Eastern Europe in Holocene \|journal=Diversity \|volume=11 \|issue=8 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 121 \|doi=10.3390/d11080121 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A late [[Pleistocene]] nuchal bone is described from the Muaco site (western [[Venezuela]]) by Cadena & Carrillo-Briceño (2019), who interpret this specimen as the first undisputable fossil of a member of the genus ''[[Rhinoclemmys]]'' found east of the [[Andes]].<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Edwin Alberto Cadena \|author2=Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño \|year=2019 \|title=First fossil of ''Rhinoclemmys'' Fitzinger, 1826 (Cryptodira, Geoemydidae) east of the Andes \|journal=South American Journal of Herpetology \|volume=14 \|issue=1 \|pages=19–23 \|doi=10.2994/SAJH-D-17-00099.1 \|s2cid=146111011 }}</ref> * A study on the mass of North American Pleistocene [[tortoise]]s, on the relationship between the mass of tortoises and their ability to maintain a viable body temperature at low ambient temperatures, and on the implications of this relationships for the knowledge of Pleistocene temperatures in the areas from which tortoise fossils are known, is published by Esker, Forman & Butler (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Donald A. Esker \|author2=Steve L. Forman \|author3=Dava K. Butler \|year=2019 \|title=Reconstructing the mass and thermal ecology of North American Pleistocene tortoises \|journal=Paleobiology \|volume=45 \|issue=2 \|pages=363–377 \|doi=10.1017/pab.2019.6 \|s2cid=155216574 }}</ref> * A study on the phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic origin of tortoises belonging to the genus ''[[Cylindraspis]]'', based on data from near-complete mitochondrial genomes, is published by Kehlmaier ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Christian Kehlmaier \|author2=Eva Graciá \|author3=Patrick D. Campbell \|author4=Margaretha D. Hofmeyr \|author5=Silke Schweiger \|author6=Albert Martínez-Silvestre \|author7=Walter Joyce \|author8=Uwe Fritz \|year=2019 \|title=Ancient mitogenomics clarifies radiation of extinct Mascarene giant tortoises (''Cylindraspis'' spp.) \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =17487 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-54019-y \|pmid=31767921 \|pmc=6877638 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...917487K }}</ref> * Three incomplete shells of ''[[Protestudo]] bessarabica'' are described from the late Miocene of the Belka locality by Syromyatnikova ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first record of this species from [[Ukraine]] reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=E.V. Syromyatnikova \|author2=T.V. Krakhmalnaya \|author3=V.M. Chkhikvadze \|author4=I.G. Danilov \|year=2019 \|title=Turtles ''Protestudo bessarabica'' from the Late Miocene of Ukraine \|journal=Paleontological Journal \|volume=53 \|issue=6 \|pages=647–659 \|doi=10.1134/S003103011906011X \|s2cid=210926442 \|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41169169 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * A study on the skeletal anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Rhinochelys]] pulchriceps'' is published by Evers, Barrett & Benson (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Serjoscha W. Evers \|author2=Paul M. Barrett \|author3=Roger B. J. Benson \|year=2019 \|title=Anatomy of ''Rhinochelys pulchriceps'' (Protostegidae) and marine adaptation during the early evolution of chelonioids \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6811 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6811 \|pmid=31106054 \|pmc=6500378 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Digital endocasts of the brain cavity and endosseous labyrinth of ''Rhinochelys pulchriceps'' are presented by Evers ''et al.'' (2019), who use these endocasts to study [[neuroanatomy]] and [[carotid]] circulation of this species.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Serjoscha W. Evers \|author2=James M. Neenan \|author3=Gabriel S. Ferreira \|author4=Ingmar Werneburg \|author5=Paul M. Barrett \|author6=Roger B. J. Benson \|year=2019 \|title=Neurovascular anatomy of the protostegid turtle ''Rhinochelys pulchriceps'' and comparisons of membranous and endosseous labyrinth shape in an extant turtle \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=187 \|issue=3 \|pages=800–828 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz063 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A gravid specimen of ''[[Desmatochelys padillai]]'', representing the first indisputable gravid marine fossil turtle reported so far, is described from the [[Lower Cretaceous]] of [[Colombia]] by Cadena ''et al.'' (2019), who interpret this specimen as indicating that ''D. padillai'' produced rigid eggs similar to those associated with some extant and fossil freshwater and terrestrial turtles, and unlike flexible eggs produced by extant marine turtles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=~~Edwin‐Alberto~~Edwin-Alberto Cadena \|author2=Mary L. ~~Parra‐Ruge~~Parra-Ruge \|author3=Juan de D. ~~Parra‐Ruge~~Parra-Ruge \|author4=Santiago ~~Padilla‐Bernal~~Padilla-Bernal \|year=2019 \|title=A gravid fossil turtle from the Early Cretaceous reveals a different egg development strategy to that of extant marine turtles \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=4 \|pages=533–545 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12413 \|s2cid=134446621 }}</ref> * A specimen of ''Desmatochelys'' belonging or related to the species ''D. lowii'' is described from the lower [[Campanian]] [[Austin Formation]] ([[Coahuila]], [[Mexico]]) by López-Conde ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first record of the family [[Protostegidae]] in the Late Cretaceous of Mexico reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Oliver A. López-Conde \|author2=Juliana Sterli \|author3=Jesús Alvarado-Ortega \|author4=María L. Chavarría-Arellano \|author5=Héctor Porras-Múzquiz \|year=2019 \|title=The first record of ''Desmatochelys'' cf. ''D. lowii'' from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Coahuila, Mexico \|journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences \|volume=94 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 102204 \|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2019.05.020 \|bibcode=2019JSAES..9402204L \|s2cid=182226555 }}</ref> * An isolated [[Turtle shell#Carapace\|carapacial]] ossicle of a member of the genus ''[[Psephophorus]]'' is described from the lowermost [[Pliocene]] [[Purisima Formation]] ([[California]], [[United States]]) by Fallon & Boessenecker (2019), representing the first occurrence of a sea turtle from this formation.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Bailey R. Fallon \|author2=Robert W. Boessenecker \|year=2019 \|title=First record of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelyidae) from the Mio-Pliocene Purisima Formation of northern California, USA \|journal=PaleoBios \|volume=36 \|pages=ucmp_paleobios_44240 \|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2c38b585 }}</ref> * An incomplete skeleton of a juvenile sea turtle belonging to the genus ''[[Eochelone]]'' is described from the [[Eocene]] ([[Bartonian]]) of the Gorny Luch locality ([[Krasnodar Krai]], [[Russia]]) by Zvonok ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=E.A. Zvonok \|author2=E.V. Syromyatnikova \|author3=I.G. Danilov \|author4=A.F. Bannikov \|year=2019 \|title=A sea turtle (Cheloniidae) from the middle Eocene of North Caucasus \|journal=Paleontological Journal \|volume=53 \|issue=5 \|pages=530–539 \|doi=10.1134/S0031030119050137 \|s2cid=203848066 \|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=39324160 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Description of the anatomy of the braincase of a specimen of ''[[Syllomus]] aegyptiacus'' from the [[Miocene]] [[Calvert Formation]] ([[Virginia]], [[United States]]) is published by Matzke & Maisch (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Andreas T. Matzke \|author2=Michael W. Maisch \|year=2019 \|title=The braincase of ''Syllomus aegyptiacus'' Lydekker, 1899 (Reptilia, Testudines) from the Middle Miocene Calvert Formation of Virginia \|journal=Palaeodiversity \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|pages=31–39 \|doi=10.18476/pale.v12.a3 \|s2cid=155517282 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Description of turtle fossils from five [[Paleogene]] localities in the [[Crimea]] is published by Zvonok & Danilov (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=E.A. Zvonok \|author2=I.G. Danilov \|year=2019 \|title=Paleogene turtles of Crimea \|journal=Paleontological Journal \|volume=53 \|issue=1 \|pages=62–73 \|doi=10.1134/S003103011901012X \|s2cid=181673636 \|url=https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=36899662 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * A study on turtle remains from five [[Holocene]] localities in [[Thailand\|Thai]] central plain, and on their implications for the knowledge of changes of turtle biodiversity in this area over the Holocene, is published by Claude ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Julien Claude \|author2=Prasit Auetrakulvit \|author3=Wilailuck Naksri \|author4=Corentin Bochaton \|author5=Valéry Zeitoun \|author6=HaiyanTong \|year=2019 \|title=The recent fossil turtle record of the central plain of Thailand reveals local extinctions \|journal=Annales de Paléontologie \|volume=105 \|issue=4 \|pages=305–315 \|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2019.04.005 \|s2cid=197569669 }}</ref> ===New taxa=== Line 697 ⟶ 688: \|- \| ''[[Asmodochelys]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Andrew D. Gentry \|author2=Jun A. Ebersole \|author3=Caitlin R. Kiernan \|year=2019 \|title=''Asmodochelys parhami'', a new fossil marine turtle from the Campanian Demopolis Chalk and the stratigraphic congruence of competing marine turtle phylogenies \|journal=Royal Society Open Science \|volume=6 \|issue=12 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 191950 \|doi=10.1098/rsos.191950 \|pmid=31903219 \|pmc=6936288 \|bibcode=2019RSOS....691950G }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 715 ⟶ 706: \|- \| ''[[Axestemys\|Axestemys infernalis]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Walter G. Joyce \|author2=Donald B. Brinkman \|author3=Tyler R. Lyson \|year=2019 \|title=A new species of trionychid turtle, ''Axestemys infernalis'' sp. nov., from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek and Lance formations of the Northern Great Plains, USA \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=3 \|pages=Article number 22.3.72 \|doi=10.26879/949 \|s2cid=214538408 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 731 ⟶ 722: \| A member of the family [[Trionychidae]]. \|[[File:Axestemys_infernalis.jpg\|center\|frameless]] \|▼ \|- \| ''[[Banhxeochelys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Rafaella C. Garbin \|author2=Madelaine Böhme \|author3=Walter G. Joyce \|year=2019 \|title=A new testudinoid turtle from the middle to late Eocene of Vietnam \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6280 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6280 \|pmid=30805245 \|pmc=6383559 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 748 ⟶ 739: \| A [[Crown group#Pan-group\|pan]]-[[Geoemydidae\|geoemydid]]. The type species is ''B. trani''. \|[[File:Banhxeochelys_carapax_collage_-_Garbin_et_al_2019.png\|center\|frameless]] \|▼ \|- \| ''[[Duboisemys]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Hans-Volker Karl \|author2=Amtyaz Safi \|author3=Hans-Dieter Philippen \|year=2019 \|title=Evidences of cheloniophagy by early hominid (''Homo erectus'') during middle of Pleistocene from beds of ~~Trinil’s~~Trinil's layers in central Java (Indonesia), with an updated list of ~~Trinil’s~~Trinil's Testudines, and a redescription of ''Duboisemys isoclina'' (Dubois, 1908) \|journal=International Journal of Zoology Studies \|volume=4 \|issue=6 \|pages=73–84 \|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338411328 }}</ref> \| Gen. et comb. nov Line 769 ⟶ 760: \|- \| ''[[Francemys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=A. Pérez-García \|year=2019 \|title=The African Aptian ''Francemys gadoufaouaensis'' gen. et sp. nov.: new data on the early diversification of Pelomedusoides (Testudines, Pleurodira) in northern Gondwana \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=102 \|pages=112–126 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.003 \|s2cid=197575106 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 787 ⟶ 778: \|- \| ''[[Ilatardia]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author=Adán Pérez-García \|year=2019 \|title=A new member of Taphrosphyini (Pleurodira, Bothremydidae) from the Maastrichtian of Niger \|journal=Journal of African Earth Sciences \|volume=158 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 103548 \|doi=10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2019.103548 \|bibcode=2019JAfES.15803548P \|s2cid=198409262 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 804 ⟶ 795: \|- \| ''[[Kalasinemys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Haiyan Tong \|author2=Wilailuck Naksri \|author3=Eric Buffetaut \|author4=Suravech Suteethorn \|author5=Varavudh Suteethorn \|author6=Phornphen Chantasit \|author7=Julien Claude \|year=2019 \|title=''Kalasinemys'', a new xinjiangchelyid turtle from the Late Jurassic of NE Thailand \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=156 \|issue=10 \|pages=1645–1656 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756818000791 \|bibcode=2019GeoM..156.1645T \|s2cid=134746960 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 822 ⟶ 813: \|- \| ''[[Protoshachemys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Haiyan Tong \|author2=Eric Buffetaut \|author3=Varavudh Suteethorn \|author4=Suravech Suteethorn \|author5=Gilles Cuny \|author6=Lionel Cavin \|author7=Uthumporn Deesri \|author8=Jeremy E. Martin \|author9=Kamonrak Wongko \|author10=Wilailuck Naksri \|author11=Julien Claude \|year=2019 \|title=Phu Din Daeng, a new Early Cretaceous vertebrate locality on the Khorat Plateau, NE Thailand \|journal=Annales de Paléontologie \|volume=105 \|issue=3 \|pages=223–237 \|doi=10.1016/j.annpal.2019.04.004 \|s2cid=189968031 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 840 ⟶ 831: \|- \| ''[[Saxochelys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Tyler R. Lyson \|author2=Jacob L. Sayler \|author3=Walter G. Joyce \|year=2019 \|title=A new baenid turtle, ''Saxochelys gilberti'', gen. et sp. nov., from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation: sexual dimorphism and spatial niche partitioning within the most speciose group of Late Cretaceous turtles \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=39 \|issue=4 \|pages=e1662428 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1662428 \|s2cid=208587902 \|url=https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/A_new_baenid_turtle_i_Saxochelys_gilberti_i_gen_et_sp_nov_from_the_uppermost_Cretaceous_Maastrichtian_Hell_Creek_Formation_sexual_dimorphism_and_spatial_niche_partitioning_within_the_most_speciose_group_of_Late_Cretaceous_turtles/9944129 \|url-access=subscription }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 858 ⟶ 849: \|- \| ''[[~~Trinitichelys~~Tasbacka\|~~"Trinitichelys"~~Tasbacka ~~maini~~germanica]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=~~Brent~~Hans-Volker ~~Adrian~~Karl \|author2=~~Heather~~Elke ~~F. Smith~~Gröning \|author3=~~Christopher R.~~Carsten ~~Noto \|author4=Aryeh Grossman~~Brauckmann \|year=2019 \|title=~~A new baenid,~~ ''~~“Trinitichelys”~~Tasbacka ~~maini~~germanica'' spn. ~~nov~~sp., ~~and~~a ~~other~~new Campanian ~~fossil~~marine ~~turtles~~turtle from ~~the Upper Cretaceous Arlington Archosaur Site~~NW-Germany (~~Woodbine~~Testudines: ~~Formation, Cenomanian~~Chelonioidea)~~, Texas, USA~~ \|journal=~~Palaeontologia~~Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches ~~Electronica~~Archiv \|volume=~~22 \|issue=3~~56 \|pages=~~Article number 22.3.81 \|doi=10.26879/1001~~99–112 }}</ref> ▲\| Sp. nov ▲\| Valid ▲\| Karl, Gröning & Brauckmann ▲\| Late Cretaceous ([[Campanian]]) ▲\| \|▼ ▲\|{{Flag\|~~Pakistan~~Germany}} \|▼ \|▼ ▲\|- \| ''[[Trinitichelys\|"Trinitichelys" maini]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Brent Adrian \|author2=Heather F. Smith \|author3=Christopher R. Noto \|author4=Aryeh Grossman \|year=2019 \|title=A new baenid, ''"Trinitichelys" maini'' sp. nov., and other fossil turtles from the Upper Cretaceous Arlington Archosaur Site (Woodbine Formation, Cenomanian), Texas, USA \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=3 \|pages=Article number 22.3.81 \|doi=10.26879/1001 \|s2cid=210136178 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 876 ⟶ 883: \|- \| ''[[Wutuchelys]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Haiyan Tong \|author2=Julien Claude \|author3=Cheng-Sen Li \|author4=Jian Yang \|author5=Thierry Smith \|year=2019 \|title=''Wutuchelys eocenica'' n. gen. n. sp., an Eocene stem testudinoid turtle from Wutu, Shandong Province, China \|journal=Geological Magazine \|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=133–146 \|doi=10.1017/S0016756817000905 \|bibcode=2019GeoM..156..133T \|s2cid=134788782 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 898 ⟶ 905: ===General research=== * A study on the impact of the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction event]] on archosauromorph reptiles is published by Allen ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Bethany J. Allen \|author2=Thomas L. Stubbs \|author3=Michael J. Benton \|author4=Mark N. Puttick \|year=2019 \|title=Archosauromorph extinction selectivity during the Triassic–Jurassic mass extinction \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=2 \|pages=211–224 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12399 \|s2cid=55009185 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=1983/e3fc2e40-c849-42ed-99fe-ea17fc26b2ec \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A diverse assemblage of [[Archosauriformes\|archosauriform]] teeth is described from the [[Upper Triassic]] [[Tiki Formation]] ([[India]]) by Ray, Bhat & Datta (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Sanghamitra Ray \|author2=Mohd Shafi Bhat \|author3=P. M. Datta \|year=2019 \|title=First record of varied archosauriforms from the Upper Triassic of India based on isolated teeth, and their biostratigraphic implications \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=2 \|pages=237–253 ~~1–17~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1609957 \|issn=0891-2963 \|s2cid=155986791 }}</ref> * A study on archosauriform teeth assemblage from the [[Middle Triassic]] [[Manda Beds]] ([[Tanzania]]), aiming to determine the taxonomic composition of that collection and its implications for the knowledge of the diversity and evolution of archosauriforms from the Manda Beds, is published by Hoffman ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Devin K. Hoffman \|author2=Hunter R. Edwards \|author3=Paul M. Barrett \|author4=Sterling J. Nesbitt \|year=2019 \|title=Reconstructing the archosaur radiation using a Middle Triassic archosauriform tooth assemblage from Tanzania \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e7970 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.7970 \|pmid=31720109 \|pmc=6839518 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===Archosaurs=== Line 908 ⟶ 915: ====Research==== * Virtual [[endocast]] of ''[[Proterosuchus]] fergusi'' is reconstructed by Brown ''et al.'' (2019), who evaluate the implications of the endocranial anatomy of this species for the knowledge of its life habits.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Emily E. Brown \|author2=Richard J. Butler \|author3=Martín D. Ezcurra \|author4=~~Bhart‐Anjan~~Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar \|author5=Stephan Lautenschlager \|year=2019 \|title=Endocranial anatomy and life habits of the Early Triassic archosauriform ''Proterosuchus fergusi'' \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=63 \|issue=2 \|pages=255–282 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12454 \|s2cid=204271968 \|url=http://pure-oai.bham.ac.uk/ws/files/71803006/Brown_et_al._in_press.pdf }}</ref> * Redescription of the anatomy of the [[holotype]] specimen of ''[[Garjainia]] prima'' is published by Ezcurra ''et al.'' (2019), who consider ''Vjushkovia triplicostata'' to be a [[Synonym (taxonomy)\|junior synonym]] of ''G. prima''.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Martín D. Ezcurra \|author2=David J. Gower \|author3=Andrey G. Sennikov \|author4=Richard J. Butler \|year=2019 \|title=The osteology of the holotype of the early erythrosuchid ''Garjainia prima'' (Diapsida: Archosauromorpha) from the upper Lower Triassic of European Russia \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=185 \|issue=3 \|pages=717–783 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zly061 }}</ref> * A study on the skull anatomy and taxonomic validity of ''Vjushkovia triplicostata'' is published by Butler ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Richard J. Butler \|author2=Andrey G. Sennikov \|author3=Emma M. Dunne \|author4=Martin D. Ezcurra \|author5=Brandon P. Hedrick \|author6=Susannah C. R. Maidment \|author7=Luke E. Meade \|author8=Thomas J. Raven \|author9=David J. Gower \|year=2019 \|title=Cranial anatomy and taxonomy of the erythrosuchid archosauriform ''"Vjushkovia triplicostata"'' Huene, 1960, from the Early Triassic of European Russia \|journal=Royal Society Open Science \|volume=6 \|issue=11 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 191289 \|doi=10.1098/rsos.191289 \|pmid=31827861 \|pmc=6894557 \|bibcode=2019RSOS....691289B }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Guchengosuchus]] shiguaiensis'' is published by Butler ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Richard J. Butler \|author2=Martín D. Ezcurra \|author3=Jun Liu \|author4=Roland B. Sookias \|author5=Corwin Sullivan \|year=2019 \|title=The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the erythrosuchid archosauriform ''Guchengosuchus shiguaiensis'' from the earliest Middle Triassic of China \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6435 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6435 \|pmid=30809443 \|pmc=6385703 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Chalishevia]] cothurnata'' is published by Butler ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Richard J. Butler \|author2=Andrey G. Sennikov \|author3=Martín D. Ezcurra \|author4=David J. Gower \|year=2019 \|title=The last erythrosuchid—a revision of ''Chalishevia cothurnata'' from the late Middle Triassic of European Russia \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=4 \|pages=757–774 \|doi=10.4202/app.00648.2019 \|s2cid=264102352 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=11336/123959 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy, [[ecomorphology]] and bone microstructure of members of [[Proterochampsia]], and on their implications for inferring the lifestyles of these reptiles, is published by Arcucci, Previtera & Mancuso (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Andrea Arcucci \|author2=Elena Previtera \|author3=Adriana C. Mancuso \|year=2019 \|title=Ecomorphology and bone microstructure of Proterochampsia from the Chañares Formation \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|pages=157–170 \|doi=10.4202/app.00536.2018 \|s2cid=134821780 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=11336/126031 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * Two new [[Rhadinosuchinae\|rhadinosuchine]] [[Proterochampsidae\|proterochampsid]] specimens are described from the [[Chañares Formation]] ([[Argentina]]) by Ezcurra ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Martín Daniel Ezcurra \|author2=María Belén Von Baczko \|author3=María Jimena Trotteyn \|author4=Julia Brenda Desojo \|year=2019 \|title=New proterochampsid specimens expand the morphological diversity of the rhadinosuchines of the Chañares Formation (lower Carnian, northwestern Argentina) \|journal=Ameghiniana \|volume=56 \|issue=2 \|pages=79–115 \|doi=10.5710/AMGH.25.05.2019.3230 \|s2cid=197550418 }}</ref> * A study on the morphology and affinities of isolated [[phytosaur]] teeth from the Upper Triassic [[Tiki Formation]] ([[India]]) is published online by Datta, Kumar & Ray (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Debajit Datta \|author2=Nishant Kumar \|author3=Sanghamitra Ray \|year=2019 \|title=Taxonomic identification of isolated phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) teeth from the Upper Triassic of India and their significances \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=2 \|pages=272–282 ~~1–11~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1613652 \|s2cid=181776675 }}</ref> ====New taxa==== Line 931 ⟶ 938: \|- \| ''[[Antarctanax]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Brandon R. Peecook \|author2=Roger M. H. Smith \|author3=Christian A. Sidor \|year=2019 \|title=A novel archosauromorph from Antarctica and an updated review of a high-latitude vertebrate assemblage in the wake of the end-Permian mass extinction \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=38 \|issue=6 \|pages=e1536664 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1536664 \|s2cid=92116260 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 967 ⟶ 974: \|- \| ''[[Volcanosuchus]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Debajit Datta \|author2=Sanghamitra Ray \|author3=Saswati Bandyopadhyay \|year=2019 \|title=Cranial morphology of a new phytosaur (Diapsida, Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of India: implications for phytosaur phylogeny and biostratigraphy \|journal=Papers in Palaeontology \|volume=~~Online edition~~7 \|issue=2 \|pages=675–708 \|doi=10.1002/spp2.1292 \|s2cid=213698017 \|url=https://zenodo.org/record/4274207 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 988 ⟶ 995: ==Other reptiles== ===Research=== * New information on a specimen of the [[mesosaur]] species ''[[Stereosternum]] tumidum'' affected by congenital [[scoliosis]], first described by Szczygielski ''et al.'' (2017),<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Tomasz Szczygielski \|author2=Dawid Surmik \|author3=Agnieszka Kapuścińska \|author4=Bruce M. Rothschild \|year=2017 \|title=The oldest record of aquatic amniote congenital scoliosis \|journal=~~PLoS~~PLOS ONE \|volume=12 \|issue=9 \|pages=e0185338 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0185338 \|pmid=28934336 \|pmc=5608408 \|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1285338S \|doi-access=free }}</ref> is published by Szczygielski ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Tomasz Szczygielski \|author2=Dawid Dróżdż \|author3=Dawid Surmik \|author4=Agnieszka Kapuścińska \|author5=Bruce M. Rothschild \|year=2019 \|title=New tomographic contribution to characterizing mesosaurid congenital scoliosis \|journal=~~PLoS~~PLOS ONE \|volume=14 \|issue=2 \|pages=e0212416 \|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0212416 \|pmid=30811483 \|pmc=6392265 \|bibcode=2019PLoSO..1412416S \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on bone [[histology]] and growth patterns of ''Stereosternum tumidum'' and ''[[Brazilosaurus]] sanpauloensis'' is published by Klein ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Nicole Klein \|author2=Antoine Verrière \|author3=Heitor Sartorelli \|author4=Tanja Wintrich \|author5=Jörg Fröbisch \|year=2019 \|title=Microanatomy and growth of the mesosaurs ''Stereosternum tumidum'' and ''Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis'' (Reptilia, Parareptilia) \|journal=Fossil Record \|volume=22 \|issue=2 \|pages=91–110 \|doi=10.5194/fr-22-91-2019 \|s2cid=207966143 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * New information on the anatomy of ''[[Feeserpeton]] oklahomensis'' is presented by MacDougall ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Mark J. MacDougall \|author2=Anika Winge \|author3=Jasper Ponstein \|author4=Maren Jansen \|author5=Robert R. Reisz \|author6=Jörg Fröbisch \|year=2019 \|title=New information on the early Permian lanthanosuchoid ''Feeserpeton oklahomensis'' based on computed tomography \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e7753 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.7753 \|pmid=31687269 \|pmc=6825742 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Description of the anatomy of a new specimen of ''[[Kapes (~~genus~~reptile)\|Kapes bentoni]]'' from the [[Otter Sandstone]] of [[Devon]] ([[United Kingdom]], and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Zaher, Coram & [[Michael Benton\|Benton]] (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Marta Zaher \|author2=Robert A. Coram \|author3=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=The Middle Triassic procolophonid ''Kapes bentoni'': computed tomography of the skull and skeleton \|journal=Papers in Palaeontology \|volume=5 \|issue=1 \|pages=111–138 \|doi=10.1002/spp2.1232 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=1983/3dd2d71d-a439-404a-997f-758063f40678 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the skull anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Embrithosaurus]] schwarzi'' is published online by Van den Brandt, Abdala & Rubidge (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Marc Johan Van den Brandt \|author2=Fernando Abdala \|author3=Bruce Sidney Rubidge \|year=2019 \|title=Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Middle Permian pareiasaur ''Embrithosaurus schwarzi'' from the Karoo Basin of South Africa \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=188 \|issue=1 \|pages=202–241 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz064 }}</ref> * Redescription of the [[pareiasaur]] species ''"[[Anthodon (reptile)\|Anthodon]]" haughtoni'' from the [[Permian]] [[Usili Formation]] ([[Tanzania]]) is published by Maisch & Matzke (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Michael W. Maisch \|author2=Andreas T. Matzke \|year=2019 \|title=''Anthodon ? haughtoni'' (V. HUENE, 1944), a pareiasaurid (Parareptilia: Pareiasauria) from the Late Permian Usili Formation of Kingori, Ruhuhu Basin, Tanzania \|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen \|volume=291 \|issue=2 \|pages=197–204 \|doi=10.1127/njgpa/2019/0796 \|s2cid=134218980 }}</ref> * [[X-ray diffraction]] study of bone fragments of ''[[Deltavjatia]] vjatkensis'' from the Kotelnich vertebrate fossil site ([[Russia]]) is published by Ryanskaya ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=A. D. Ryanskaya \|author2=D. V. Kiseleva \|author3=O. P. Shilovsky \|author4=E. S. Shagalov \|year=2019 \|title=XRD study of the Permian fossil bone tissue \|journal=Powder Diffraction \|volume=34 \|issue=S1 \|pages=S14–S17 \|doi=10.1017/S0885715619000174 \|bibcode=2019PDiff..34S..14R \|s2cid=107655052 }}</ref> * A study on the composition and structure of bone fragments of ''Deltavjatia vjatkensis'' from the Kotelnich vertebrate fossil site is published by Kiseleva ''et al.'' (2019), who report [[white blood cell]]-like structures, interpreted as possible leukocytes.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Daria Kiseleva \|author2=Oleg Shilovsky \|author3=Evgeny Shagalov \|author4=Anastasia Ryanskaya \|author5=Maria Chervyakovskaya \|author6=Elizaveta Pankrushina \|author7=Nadezhda Cherednichenko \|year=2019 \|title=Composition and structural features of two Permian parareptile (''Deltavjatia vjatkensis'', Kotelnich Site, Russia) bone fragments and their alteration during fossilisation \|journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology \|volume=526 \|pages=28–42 \|doi=10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.04.015 \|bibcode=2019PPP...526...28K \|s2cid=146631055 }}</ref> * A study on the [[Ontogeny\|ontogenetic]] changes in long-bone and rib [[histology]] of ''Deltavjatia rossica'' and ''[[Scutosaurus]] karpinskii'' is published by Boitsova ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Elizaveta A. Boitsova \|author2=Pavel P. Skutschas \|author3=Andrey G. Sennikov \|author4=Valeriy K. Golubev \|author5=Vladimir V. Masuytin \|author6=Olga A. Masuytina \|year=2019 \|title=Bone histology of two pareiasaurs from Russia (''Deltavjatia rossica'' and ''Scutosaurus karpinskii'') with implications for pareiasaurian palaeobiology \|journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=128 \|issue=2 \|pages=289–310 \|doi=10.1093/biolinnean/blz094 }}</ref> * A study on the microstructure of limb bones, a rib fragment and [[osteoderm]]s of ''[[Provelosaurus]] americanus'' is published online by Farias, Schultz & Soares (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Brodsky Dantas Macedo Farias \|author2=Cesar Leandro Schultz \|author3=Marina Bento Soares \|year=2019 \|title=Bone microstructure of the pareiasaur ''Provelosaurus americanus'' from the Middle Permian of southern Brazil \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=~~in press~~33 \|issue=3 \|pages=328–339 ~~1–12~~\|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1617288 \|s2cid=191161997 }}</ref> * A study on the species richness and morphological diversity of [[Parareptilia\|parareptiles]] over the course of their evolutionary history is published by MacDougall, Brocklehurst & Fröbisch (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Mark J. MacDougall \|author2=Neil Brocklehurst \|author3=Jörg Fröbisch \|year=2019 \|title=Species richness and disparity of parareptiles across the end-Permian mass extinction \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|volume=286 \|issue=1899 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 20182572 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.2572 \|pmid=30890099 \|pmc=6452079 }}</ref> * A study testing whether the consistent evolutionary size increase in [[Captorhinidae\|captorhinids]] led to major ~~re‐patterning~~re-patterning in their [[long bone]] structure is published by Romano & Rubidge (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Marco Romano \|author2=Bruce Rubidge \|year=2019 \|title=Long bone scaling in Captorhinidae: do limb bones scale according to elastic similarity in sprawling basal amniotes? \|journal=Lethaia \|volume=52 \|issue=3 \|pages=389–402 \|doi=10.1111/let.12319 \|s2cid=134825836 }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the [[mandible]] and on the phylogenetic relationships of ''[[Moradisaurus]] grandis'', based on data from new fossil material from the upper Permian [[Moradi Formation]] of [[Niger]], is published by Modesto ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Sean P. Modesto \|author2=Courtney D. Richards \|author3=Oumarou Ide \|author4=Christian A. Sidor \|year=2019 \|title=The vertebrate fauna of the Upper Permian of Niger—X. The mandible of the captorhinid reptile ''Moradisaurus grandis'' \|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology \|volume=38 \|issue=6 \|pages=e1531877 \|doi=10.1080/02724634.2018.1531877 \|s2cid=91675715 }}</ref> * Redescription of the anatomy of ''[[Orovenator]] mayorum'' and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Ford & Benson (2019), who recover both ''Orovenator'' and [[Varanopidae\|varanopids]] (usually regarded as [[synapsid]]s) as [[diapsid]] reptiles.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=David P. Ford \|author2=Roger B. J. Benson \|year=2019 \|title=A redescription of ''Orovenator mayorum'' (Sauropsida, Diapsida) using ~~high‐resolution~~high-resolution μCT, and the consequences for early amniote phylogeny \|journal=Papers in Palaeontology \|volume=5 \|issue=2 \|pages=197–239 \|doi=10.1002/spp2.1236 \|s2cid=92485505 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the early evolution of the diel activity patterns in diapsid lineages, focusing on the common ancestor branch of living birds, is published by Yu & Wang (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Yonghua Wu \|author2=Haifeng Wang \|year=2019 \|title=Convergent evolution of bird-mammal shared characteristics for adapting to nocturnality \|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|volume=286 \|issue=1897 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 20182185 \|doi=10.1098/rspb.2018.2185 \|pmid=30963837 \|pmc=6408890 }}</ref> * A study on the [[Morphology (biology)\|morphological]] diversity and rates of morphological evolution of extinct and extant [[rhynchocephalia]]ns published by Herrera-Flores, Stubbs & [[Michael Benton\|Benton]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Jorge A. Herrera-Flores \|author2=Thomas L. Stubbs \|author3=Michael J. Benton \|year=2017 \|title=Macroevolutionary patterns in Rhynchocephalia: is the tuatara (''Sphenodon punctatus'') a living fossil? \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=60 \|issue=3 \|pages=319–328 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12284 \|s2cid=55955230 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> is criticized by Vaux ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Felix Vaux \|author2=Mary ~~Morgan‐Richards~~Morgan-Richards \|author3=Elizabeth E. Daly \|author4=Steven A. Trewick \|year=2019 \|title=Tuatara and a new morphometric dataset for Rhynchocephalia: Comments on ~~Herrera‐Flores~~Herrera-Flores ''et al.'' \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=2 \|pages=321–334 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12402 \|s2cid=134902015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Jorge A. Herrera-Flores \|author2=Thomas L. Stubbs \|author3=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=Reply to comments on: Macroevolutionary patterns in Rhynchocephalia: is the tuatara (''Sphenodon punctatus'') a living fossil? \|journal=Palaeontology \|volume=62 \|issue=2 \|pages=335–338 \|doi=10.1111/pala.12404 \|hdl=1983/846d212a-6eb6-494e-855f-e0684bede158 \|s2cid=133726749 \|url=https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/ws/files/198134843/Full_text_PDF_accepted_author_manuscript_.pdf }}</ref> * A study on the skull morphology of ''[[Clevosaurus]] hudsoni'' and ''Clevosaurus cambrica'' is published by Chambi-Trowell, Whiteside & Benton (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Sofia A.V. Chambi-Trowell \|author2=David I. Whiteside \|author3=Michael J. Benton \|year=2019 \|title=Diversity in rhynchocephalian ''Clevosaurus'' skulls based on CT reconstruction of two Late Triassic species from Great Britain \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=1 \|pages=41–64 \|doi=10.4202/app.00569.2018 \|s2cid=84832388 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A case study of an [[osteosarcoma]] affecting a [[femur]] of a specimen of ''[[Pappochelys]] rosinae'' is published by Haridy ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Yara Haridy \|author2=Florian Witzmann \|author3=Patrick Asbach \|author4=Rainer R. Schoch \|author5=Nadia Fröbisch \|author6=Bruce M. Rothschild \|year=2019 \|title=Triassic cancer—osteosarcoma in a 240-million-year-old stem-turtle \|journal=[[JAMA Oncology]] \|volume=5 \|issue=3 \|pages=425–426 \|doi=10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.6766 \|pmid=30730547 \|pmc=6439844 }}</ref> * A study on the microstructure of bones of ''Pappochelys rosinae'' is published by Schoch ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Rainer R. Schoch \|author2=Nicole Klein \|author3=Torsten M. Scheyer \|author4=Hans-Dieter Sues \|year=2019 \|title=Microanatomy of the stem-turtle ''Pappochelys rosinae'' indicates a predominantly fossorial mode of life and clarifies early steps in the evolution of the shell \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =10430 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-46762-z \|pmid=31320733 \|pmc=6639533 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...910430S }}</ref> * An isolated vertebra of a [[choristodera]]n reptile is described from the [[Cenomanian]] Essen Greensand Formation ([[Germany]]) by Reiss ''et al.'' (2019), representing the first identifiable European choristoderan from the [[Kimmeridgian]]–[[Campanian]] interval reported so far.<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Stefan Reiss \|author2=Udo Scheer \|author3=Sven Sachs \|author4=Benjamin P. Kear \|year=2019 \|title=Filling the biostratigraphical gap: first choristoderan from the Lower–mid-Cretaceous interval of Europe \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=96 \|pages=135–141 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.009 \|s2cid=134904339 }}</ref> * Description of new fossil material of ''[[Khurendukhosaurus]]'' from the [[Albian]] [[Khuren Dukh Formation]] ([[Mongolia]]) and a study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of this reptile is published by Matsumoto ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Ryoko Matsumoto \|author2=Khishigjav Tsogtbaatar \|author3=Shinobu Ishigaki \|author4=Chinzorig Tsogtbaatar \|author5=Zorig Enkhtaivan \|author6=Susan E. Evans \|year=2019 \|title=Revealing body proportions of the enigmatic choristodere reptile ''Khurendukhosaurus'' from Mongolia \|journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica \|volume=64 \|issue=2 \|pages=363–377 \|doi=10.4202/app.00561.2018 \|s2cid=133925482 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * Neck vertebrae of a long-necked [[Tanystropheidae\|tanystropheid]] reptile are described from the [[Middle Triassic]] [[Moenkopi Formation]] by Formoso ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Kiersten K. Formoso \|author2=Sterling J. Nesbitt \|author3=Adam C. Pritchard \|author4=Michelle R. Stocker \|author5=William G. Parker \|year=2019 \|title=A long-necked tanystropheid from the Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation (Anisian) provides insights into the ecology and biogeography of tanystropheids \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=3 \|pages=Article number 22.3.73 \|doi=10.26879/988 \|s2cid=210088772 \|doi-access=free \|hdl=10919/99898 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the bone [[histology]] of ''[[Azendohsaurus]] laaroussii'', and on its implications for the knowledge of evolution of [[endotherm]]y in [[Archosauromorpha]], is published by Cubo & Jalil (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Jorge Cubo \|author2=Nour-Eddine Jalil \|year=2019 \|title=Bone histology of ''Azendohsaurus laaroussii'': Implications for the evolution of thermometabolism in Archosauromorpha \|journal=Paleobiology \|volume=45 \|issue=2 \|pages=317–330 \|doi=10.1017/pab.2019.13 \|s2cid=155782789 \|url=https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-02969492/file/Cubo%20et%20Jalil%20-%202019%20-%20Bone%20histology%20of%20Azendohsaurus%20laaroussii%20Implic.pdf }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the postcranial skeleton of ''[[Teraterpeton]] hrynewichorum'', as well as on the phylogenetic relationships of this species, is published by Pritchard & [[Hans-Dieter Sues\|Sues]] (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Adam C. Pritchard \|author2=Hans-Dieter Sues \|year=2019 \|title=Postcranial remains of ''Teraterpeton hrynewichorum'' (Reptilia: Archosauromorpha) and the mosaic evolution of the saurian postcranial skeleton \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=20 \|pages=1745–1765 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1551249 \|s2cid=91446492 }}</ref> * Partial [[maxilla]] of a [[Hyperodapedontinae\|hyperodapedontine]] [[rhynchosaur]], possessing a [[Morphology (biology)\|morphology]] that differs from those of other South American rhynchosaur species, is described from the [[Upper Triassic]] [[Ischigualasto Formation]] ([[Argentina]]) by Gentil & Ezcurra (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Adriel R. Gentil \|author2=Martín D. Ezcurra \|year=2019 \|title=A new rhynchosaur maxillary tooth plate morphotype expands the disparity of the group in the Ischigualasto Formation (Late Triassic) of Northwestern Argentina \|journal=Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology \|volume=31 \|issue=9 \|pages=1223–1230 \|doi=10.1080/08912963.2018.1438425 \|s2cid=90161690 \|hdl=11336/93937 \|hdl-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the braincase and middle and inner ears of ''[[Mesosuchus]] browni'' is published by Sobral & Müller (2019).<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Gabriela Sobral \|author2=Johannes Müller \|year=2019 \|title=The braincase of ''Mesosuchus browni'' (Reptilia, Archosauromorpha) with information on the inner ear and description of a pneumatic sinus \|journal=PeerJ \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=e6798 \|doi=10.7717/peerj.6798 \|pmid=31198620 \|pmc=6535042 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> * A study on the anatomy of the [[holotype]] of ''[[Teyujagua]] paradoxa'' and on the phylogenetic relationships of this species is published online by Pinheiro, De Simão-Oliveira & Butler (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Felipe L. Pinheiro \|author2=Daniel De Simão-Oliveira \|author3=Richard J. Butler \|year=2019 \|title=Osteology of the archosauromorph ''Teyujagua paradoxa'' and the early evolution of the archosauriform skull \|journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society \|volume=189 \|issue=1 \|pages=378–417 \|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz093 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> ===New taxa=== Line 1,048 ⟶ 1,055: \|- \| ''[[Captorhinus\|Captorhinus kierani]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Michael deBraga \|author2=Joseph J. Bevitt \|author3=Robert R. Reisz \|year=2019 \|title=A new captorhinid from the Permian cave system near Richards Spur, Oklahoma, and the taxic diversity of ''Captorhinus'' at this locality \|journal=Frontiers in Earth Science \|volume=7 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article~~ 112 \|doi=10.3389/feart.2019.00112 \|bibcode=2019FrEaS...7..112D \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 1,063 ⟶ 1,070: \|- \| ''[[Carbonodraco]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Arjan Mann \|author2=Emily J. McDaniel \|author3=Emily R. McColville \|author4=Hillary C. Maddin \|year=2019 \|title=''Carbonodraco lundi'' gen et sp. nov., the oldest parareptile, from Linton, Ohio, and new insights into the early radiation of reptiles \|journal=Royal Society Open Science \|volume=6 \|issue=11 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 191191 \|doi=10.1098/rsos.191191 \|pmid=31827854 \|pmc=6894558 \|bibcode=2019RSOS....691191M }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 1,077 ⟶ 1,084: {{Flag\|United States}} \| A member of the family [[Acleistorhinidae]]. The type species is ''C. lundi''. Announced in 2019; the correction including the required [[ZooBank]] accession number was published in 2020.<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Arjan Mann \|author2=Emily J. McDaniel \|author3=Emily R. McColville \|author4=Hillary C. Maddin \|year=2020 \|title=Correction to "''Carbonodraco lundi'' gen et sp. nov., the oldest parareptile, from Linton, Ohio, and new insights into the early radiation of reptiles" \|journal=Royal Society Open Science \|volume=7 \|issue=1 \|~~pages~~article-number=~~Article ID~~ 192198 \|doi=10.1098/rsos.192198 \|pmid=32180991 \|pmc=7029946 \|bibcode=2020RSOS....792198M }}</ref> \|[[File:Carbonodraco_holotype_diagram.jpg\|center\|frameless]] ▲\| \|- \| ''[[Clevosaurus\|Clevosaurus hadroprodon]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Annie S. Hsiou \|author2=Randall L. Nydam \|author3=Tiago R. Simões \|author4=Flávio A. Pretto \|author5=Silvio Onary \|author6=Agustín G. Martinelli \|author7=Alexandre Liparini \|author8=Paulo R. Romo de Vivar Martínez \|author9=Marina B. Soares \|author10=Cesar L. Schultz \|author11=Michael W. Caldwell \|year=2019 \|title=A new clevosaurid from the Triassic (Carnian) of Brazil and the rise of sphenodontians in Gondwana \|journal=Scientific Reports \|volume=9 \|~~pages~~issue=~~Article~~1 \|article-number =11821 \|doi=10.1038/s41598-019-48297-9 \|pmid=31413294 \|pmc=6694142 \|bibcode=2019NatSR...911821H }}</ref> \| Sp. nov Line 1,094 ⟶ 1,101: {{Flag\|Brazil}} \| \|[[File:Clevosaurus_restoration.jpg\|center\|frameless]] ▲\| \|- \| ''[[Coeruleodraco]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Ryoko Matsumoto \|author2=Liping Dong \|author3=Yuan Wang \|author4=Susan E. Evans \|year=2019 \|title=The first record of a nearly complete choristodere (Reptilia: Diapsida) from the Upper Jurassic of Hebei Province, People's Republic of China \|journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology \|volume=17 \|issue=12 \|pages=1031–1048 \|doi=10.1080/14772019.2018.1494220 \|s2cid=92421503 \|url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10067787/ }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 1,112 ⟶ 1,119: \| A member of [[Choristodera]]. Genus includes new species ''C. jurassicus''. \|[[File:Coeruleodraco_paratype.jpg\|center\|frameless]] ▲\| \|- \| ''[[Patagosphenos]]''<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Adriel R. Gentil \|author2=Federico L. Agnolin \|author3=Jordi A. Garcia marsà \|author4=Matias J. Motta \|author5=Fernando E. Novas \|year=2019 \|title=Bridging the gap: sphenodont remains from the Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia. Palaeobiological inferences \|journal=Cretaceous Research \|volume=98 \|pages=72–83 \|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2019.01.016 \|s2cid=135429146 }}</ref> \| Gen. et sp. nov Line 1,133 ⟶ 1,140: \|- \| ''[[Sclerostropheus]]''<ref>{{cite journal \|author1=Stephan N.F. Spiekman \|author2=Torsten M. Scheyer \|year=2019 \|title=A taxonomic revision of the genus ''Tanystropheus'' (Archosauromorpha, Tanystropheidae) \|journal=Palaeontologia Electronica \|volume=22 \|issue=3 \|pages=Article number 22.3.80 \|doi=10.26879/1038 \|s2cid=211105850 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> \| Gen. et comb. nov Line 1,172 ⟶ 1,179: Research concerning more than one group of reptiles listed above. * A revision of existing records of marine reptiles known from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Siberia is published by Rogov ''et al.'' (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=M. A. Rogov \|author2=N. G. Zverkov \|author3=V. A. Zakharov \|author4=M. S. Arkhangelsky \|year=2019 \|title=Marine reptiles and climates of the Jurassic and Cretaceous of Siberia \|journal=Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation \|volume=27 \|issue=4 \|pages=398–423 \|doi=10.1134/S0869593819040051 \|bibcode=2019SGC....27..398R \|s2cid=201058264 }}</ref> * Description of fossils of marine reptiles from the Late Jurassic of the Krzyżanowice locality ([[Poland]]) and a study evaluating the palaeobiogeographic implications of these fossils is published by Tyborowski & Błażejowski (2019).<ref>{{Cite journal\|author1=Daniel Tyborowski \|author2=Błażej Błażejowski \|year=2019 \|title=New marine reptile fossils from the Late Jurassic of Poland with implications for vertebrate faunas palaeobiogeography \|journal=Proceedings of the Geologists' Association \|volume=130 \|issue=6 \|pages=741–751 \|doi=10.1016/j.pgeola.2019.09.004 \|s2cid=210298782 }}</ref> ==References==