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Line 1: {{Short description\|Component of the Oracle Database}} {{Infobox ~~Software~~software \| name = Oracle Spatial and Graph \| logo = Line 7 ⟶ 8: \| developer = [[Oracle Corporation]] \| released = \| latest release version = ~~12c~~19c Release 1 \| latest release date =January 2019 \| latest preview version = \| latest preview date = Line 14 ⟶ 15: \| platform = \| language = English ~~\| status = Active~~ \| genre = [[GIS]] and [[Graph Database]] \| license = [[Proprietary software\|Proprietary]] \| website = {{official website\|http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database-options/spatialandgraph/overview/index.html}} }} '''Oracle Spatial and Graph''', formerly Oracle Spatial, ~~forms~~is a ~~separately-licensed~~free option component of the [[Oracle Database]]. The spatial features in Oracle Spatial and Graph aid users in managing geographic and ___location-data in a native type within an Oracle database, potentially supporting a wide range of applications — from ~~automated~~ [[~~map~~automated mapping]]~~ping/~~, [[facilities- management]], and [[geographic information systems]] ([[AM/FM/GIS]]), to wireless ___location services and ___location-enabled [[e-business]]. The graph features in Oracle Spatial and Graph include Oracle Network Data Model (NDM) graphs used in traditional network applications in major [[Transport network\|transportation]], telcos, utilities and energy organizations and [[resource description framework\|RDF]] semantic graphs used in [[social network]]s and social interactions and in linking disparate data sets to address requirements from the research, health sciences, finance, media and intelligence communities. ==Components== Line 27: ===Geospatial data features=== The Oracle Spatial geospatial data features consist of: * a schema - MDSYS -(as ~~that~~in ~~prescribes the storage, syntax, and semantics of supported [[geometry\|geometric]] [[data~~"multi-dimensional ~~type]]s~~system"<ref> {{cite book \| last1 = Greener \| first1 = Simon Gerard \| last2 = Ravada \| first2 = Siva \| chapter = 1. Defining a Data Model for Spatial Data Storage \| title = Applying and Extending Oracle Spatial \| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iZf9AAAAQBAJ \| ___location = Birmingham \| publisher = Packt Publishing Ltd \| publication-date = 2013 \| isbn = 9781849686372 \| access-date = 2017-05-19 \| quote = Oracle Spatial mainly consists of the following: [...] A schema (MDSYS derived from Multi-Dimensional System) that defines the storage, syntax, and semantics of the supported geometric (both vector and raster) data types [...] }} </ref>) - that prescribes the storage, syntax, and semantics of supported [[geometry\|geometric]] [[data type]]s<ref> {{cite web \| url = https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14220/content.htm#BAJJIFJJ Line 35 ⟶ 51: \| last1 = Cyran \| first1 = Michele ~~\| author-link1 =~~ \| year =2005 \| website = docs.oracle.com Line 43 ⟶ 58: }} </ref> * a spatial indexing system. * operators, functions, and procedures for performing [[area-of-interest]] queries, spatial join queries, and other [[spatial analysis]] operations * functions and procedures for utility and [[database tuning\|tuning]] operations * vector performance acceleration for substantially faster querying and more efficient use of CPU, memory, and partitioning{{citation needed\|date=May 2017}} * support for parametric curves ([[Non-uniform rational B-spline\|NURBS]]) for mathematically precise representation of free-form curves that can be reproduced exactly for 2D and 3D data * a [[topology]] [[data model]] for working with data about [[Vertex (graph theory)\|node]]s, [[Edge (graph theory)\|edge]]s, and [[face (geometry)\|face]]s in a [[topology]] * a GeoRaster feature to store, index, query, analyze, and deliver GeoRaster data ([[raster image]] and gridded data and its associated [[metadata]]) with virtual mosaics, raster -algebra operations, image processing, Java API, and GDAL-Based ETL Wizard * 3-dimensional data -types and operators including [[triangulated irregular network\|Triangulated Irregular Networks (TINs)]], [[Point cloud\|Point Clouds]] and [[LiDAR]] data sets with Spatial R-tree indexing, SQL operators and analysis functions, and metadata for visualization * [[geocoding]] that converts ~~locations~~___location and ~~addresses~~address data into formal geographic coordinates from point addresses and address ranges, and supports reverse geocoding * a [[routing]] engine that creates fastest or shortest routes with driving distances, times, directions and turn-specific geometries based on commercial and publicly available street network data, and restrictions and conditions for advanced routing, such as truck-specific routing * [[Open Geospatial Consortium]]-compliant [[Web Service]]s for geocoding, routing, mapping, business -directory, catalog, and geospatial feature transactions Spatial Visualization components to render data on maps. ===Network Data Model=== Line 66 ⟶ 82: ===RDF semantic=== The RDF [[Semantic Web\|Semantic]] Graph feature supports the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) [[Resource Description Framework\|RDF]] standards. It provides RDF data management, querying and inferencing that are commonly used in a variety of applications ranging from semantic [[data integration]] to [[social network analysis]] and [[linked open data]] applications. Its features include: An RDF [[triple store]] and [[ontology (information science)\|ontology]] management with automatic ~~partitoning~~partitioning and data compression. * Proven scalability to over 54 billion [[Semantic triple\|triples]] (LUBM 200K benchmark) with scalability to the 8 petabyte limit of Oracle Database. * High performance bulk loading with Oracle Database parallel and direct path loading and loading through Jena. * SPARQL and SQL parallel querying and updating of RDF graphs with [[SPARQL]] 1.1, SPARQL endpoint web services, SPARQL/Update, Java APIs with open source Apache Jena & Sesame, SQL queries with embedded SPARQL graph patterns, SQL insert/update. * Ontology-assisted querying of table data using SQL operators to expand SQL relational queries with related terms for more comprehensive results. * Native inferencing with parallel, incremental and secure operation for scalable reasoning with RDFS, [[Web Ontology Language]] (OWL 2 RL/EL), [[Simple Knowledge Organization System]] (SKOS), user-defined rules, user-defined inference extensions, and an extensibility framework to plug-in special purpose reasoners, such as PelletDB, TrOWL. * GeoSPARQL support for storing / querying spatial data in RDF per Open GeoSpatial ~~Consotium~~Consortium (OGC) specification. * RDF views on relational data to apply semantic analysis with support for automatic (Direct Mapping) and custom (W3C R2RML language) mapping of relational data to [[RDF ~~triples~~triple]]s. * Triple-level security that meets the most stringent security requirements with Oracle Label Security. * Integration with open source Apache Jena and Sesame application development environments. * Integration with XML-based tools, such as Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE) for reporting and dashboards. * Integration with Network Data Model graph analytics for shortest path, nearest neighbors, within cost, and reachability. * Integration with Oracle Advanced Analytics features: Oracle Data Mining for exploiting [[predictive analytics]] and pattern discovery and Oracle R Enterprise for statistical computing and charting visualization of graph data. * Semantic indexing for [[text mining]] and ~~entitiy~~entity analytics integrated with popular natural language processors. * Integration with leading commercial and open source tools for querying, visualization, and ontology management. ==Availability== Oracle Spatial and Graph is an option for Oracle Enterprise Edition, and must be licensed separately. Free since December 5, 2019. It is also included in Oracle Database Cloud Service (High Performance Edition and Extreme Performance Edition). It is not included in Oracle Standard Edition or Oracle Standard Edition One. However, the latter two editions allow the use of a subset of spatial features (called ''Oracle Locator''<ref> {{cite book \|last1= Westra \|first1= Erik \|~~origyear~~orig-year= 2010 \|title= Python Geospatial Development \|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=bk4HMqpzCQgC Line 96 ⟶ 112: \|publication-date= 2013 \|isbn= 9781782161530 \|~~accessdate~~access-date= 2015-02-16 \|quote= A subset of the Oracle Spatial functionality, called Oracle Locator, is available for the Standard edition of the Oracle database. Oracle Locator does not support common operations such as unions and buffers, intersections, area and length calculations. It also excludes support for more advanced features such as linear referencing systems, spatial analysis functions, geocoding, and raster format data. }} </ref>) at no extra cost. An appendix of the ''Oracle Spatial and Graph Developer's Guide'' specifies the functions allowed in Locator. ~~Oracle Corporation makes a companion visualization component and web map server, Oracle Fusion Middleware MapViewer, available as a feature of Oracle [[WebLogic]] Server.~~ ==History== Line 111 ⟶ 125: Since July, 2012, the option has been named Oracle Spatial and Graph to highlight the graph database capabilities in the product - Network Data Model graph introduced with Oracle Database 10g Release 1 and RDF Semantic Graph introduced with Oracle Database 10g Release 2. ==~~Additional~~Further reading== * Albert Godfrind, Richard Pitts, Hans Viehmann, Ravikanth Kothuri. ''Pro Oracle Spatial for Oracle Database 12c''. Apress (2015) {{ISBN \|978-1-4302-6313-5}} * Simon Greener, Siva Ravada. ''Applying and Extending Oracle Spatial''. Packt Publishing (2013) {{ISBN \|184968636X}} * Euro Beinat, Albert Godfrind & Ravikanth V. Kothuri. ''Pro Oracle Spatial for Oracle Database 11g''. Apress (2007) {{ISBN \|1-59059-899-7}} * Euro Beinat, Albert Godfrind & Ravikanth V. Kothuri. ''Pro Oracle Spatial''. Apress (2004) {{ISBN \|1-59059-383-9}} ==See also== Line 122 ⟶ 136: == References == Oracle Documentation Library ~~http~~https://www.oracle.com/~~pls~~database/~~db121~~technologies/~~portal~~oraclecertificationenvironment-docs-library.~~portal_db?selected=7&frame=~~html See: * Spatial and Graph Developer's Guide * Spatial and Graph GeoRaster Developer's Guide Line 128 ⟶ 142: * Spatial and Graph Java API Reference (Javadoc) * Spatial and Graph RDF Semantic Graph Developer's Guide == Notes == {{reflist}} Line 137 ⟶ 153: [[Category:GIS software]] [[Category:Graph databases]] [[Category:Spatial ~~databases~~database management systems]]