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High-level libraries such as Three.js, [[Babylon.js]], [[Verge3D]] and many more make it possible to author complex 3D computer animations for display in the browser without the effort required for a traditional standalone application or a plugin.<ref>{{cite web|last=Crossley|first=Rob|title=Study: Average dev costs as high as $28m|url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/33625/Study-Average-dev-cost-as-high-as-28m|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113144801/http://www.develop-online.net/news/33625/Study-Average-dev-cost-as-high-as-28m|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2010|publisher=Intent Media Ltd|accessdate=2 June 2012|date=11 January 2010}}</ref>
== History ==
Three.js was first released by Ricardo Cabello on GitHub in April 2010.<ref name="firstcommit" /> The origins of the library can be traced back to his involvement with the [[demoscene]] in the early 2000s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXWYOF4VibE|author=NVScene|publisher=YouTube|title=NVScene 2015 Session: Reinventing The Wheel - One Last Time (Ricardo Cabello)|date=24 March 2015 }}</ref> The code was originally developed in the [[ActionScript]] language used by [[Adobe Flash]], later being ported to JavaScript in 2009. In Cabello's mind, there were two strong points that justified the shift away from ActionScript: Firstly, JavaScript provided greater platform independence. Secondly, applications written in JavaScript would not need to be compiled by the developer beforehand, unlike Flash applications.
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Starting from version 118, Three.js uses WebGL 2.0 by default. Older version of the standard is still available via WebGL1Renderer class.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js/releases/tag/r118 |title=Release r118 · mrdoob/three.js |accessdate=2023-05-24}}</ref>
Three.js has over
== Features ==
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* Debugging: Stats.js,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/mrdoob/stats.js |title=Stats.js |publisher=Github.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-09}}</ref> WebGL Inspector,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://benvanik.github.com/WebGL-Inspector/ |title=WebGL Inspector |publisher=Benvanik.github.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-09 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314161016/http://benvanik.github.com/WebGL-Inspector/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Three.js Inspector<ref>{{cite web |url=https://zz85.github.com/zz85-bookmarklets/threelabs.html |title=Three.js Inspector Labs |publisher=Zz85.github.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-09 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127155952/https://zz85.github.com/zz85-bookmarklets/threelabs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Virtual and Augmented Reality via [[WebXR]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://threejs.org/examples/?q=webxr|title=three.js examples|website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Physically based rendering (PBR): support for physically accurate materials like MeshStandardMaterial and MeshPhysicalMaterial<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/materials/MeshStandardMaterial |title=MeshStandardMaterial – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/materials/MeshPhysicalMaterial |title=MeshPhysicalMaterial – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Instancing: use of InstancedMesh for efficient rendering of thousands of repeated objects<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/objects/InstancedMesh |title=InstancedMesh – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Post-processing: built-in post-processing pipeline with effects such as bloom, depth of field, outline, motion blur, SSAO, and FXAA<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#examples/en/postprocessing/EffectComposer |title=EffectComposer – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/examples/?q=post#webgl_postprocessing |title=Post-processing examples – three.js |website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Built-in editor: graphical scene editor available online for building and exporting 3D scenes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/editor/ |title=three.js editor |website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Interactive controls: built-in controls such as OrbitControls, DragControls, TransformControls, and PointerLockControls for user interaction and navigation<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#examples/en/controls/OrbitControls |title=OrbitControls – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#examples/en/controls/TransformControls |title=TransformControls – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref>
* Alternative renderers: in addition to WebGLRenderer,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#api/en/renderers/WebGLRenderer |title=WebGLRenderer – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref> Three.js also provides SVGRenderer<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#examples/en/renderers/SVGRenderer |title=SVGRenderer – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref> and CSS3DRenderer,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://threejs.org/docs/#examples/en/renderers/CSS3DRenderer |title=CSS3DRenderer – three.js docs |website=threejs.org}}</ref> as well as experimental support for WebGPURenderer.
Three.js runs in all browsers with support for WebGL 1.0 or WebGL 2.0.
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{{commons category|Three.js}}
* {{Official website|https://threejs.org/}}
{{FLOSS}}
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[[Category:Software using the MIT license]]
[[Category:WebGL]]
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