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[[File:Salt and ice challenge hand day 11.jpg|thumb|Scarring as a result of the salt and ice challenge, eleven days after performing it]]
The '''salt and ice challenge''' is an Internet challenge wherein which participants pour [[salt]] on their bodies, usually on the arm, and ice is then placed on the salt.<ref>{{cite news | lastlast1= Vang | firstfirst1= Gia |date= 29 July 29, 2012|url= http://fox4kc.com/2012/07/29/experts-dont-try-salt-and-ice-challenge/ |title= Experts: Don't Try 'Salt and Ice Challenge' |website=[[FOX4KC]] |access-date= 28 June 28, 2013 |archive-date= 31 July 31,2012 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120731061055/http://fox4kc.com/2012/07/29/experts-dont-try-salt-and-ice-challenge/ |url-status= live}}</ref> This causes a "burning" sensation similar to [[frostbite]], and participants vietry to withstand the pain for the longest time. The challenge can be recorded and posted on [[YouTube]] or other forms of [[social media]].<ref name=":0"> {{cite web |last1=Kuhn , |first1=Sherri . July |date=5 , July 2012 . ".[|url=http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/965301/the-salt-and-ice-challenge-dont-let-your-teen-get-burned |title=The Salt and ice challenge: Don't let your teen get burned |website=[[SheKnows]] {{Webarchive| access-date=28 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601192130/https://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/965301/the-salt-and-ice-challenge-dont-let-your-teen-get-burned/ | archive-date= 1 June 2023 |url- 06-01 status=live}} ". Retrieved June 28, 2013.</ref> ▼== Introduction ==
▲The '''salt and ice challenge''' is an Internet challenge where participants pour [[salt]] on their bodies, usually on the arm, and ice is then placed on the salt.<ref>{{cite news|last= Vang|first= Gia|date= July 29, 2012|url= http://fox4kc.com/2012/07/29/experts-dont-try-salt-and-ice-challenge/|title= Experts: Don't Try 'Salt and Ice Challenge'|access-date= June 28, 2013|archive-date= July 31, 2012|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120731061055/http://fox4kc.com/2012/07/29/experts-dont-try-salt-and-ice-challenge/|url-status= live}}</ref> This causes a "burning" sensation similar to [[frostbite]], and participants vie to withstand the pain for the longest time. The challenge can be recorded and posted on [[YouTube]] or other forms of [[social media]].<ref name=":0">Kuhn, Sherri. July 5, 2012. ".[http://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/965301/the-salt-and-ice-challenge-dont-let-your-teen-get-burned The Salt and ice challenge: Don't let your teen get burned] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601192130/https://www.sheknows.com/parenting/articles/965301/the-salt-and-ice-challenge-dont-let-your-teen-get-burned/ |date=2023-06-01 }}". Retrieved June 28, 2013.</ref>
The ice and salt create an [[eutectic]] [[frigorific mixture]] which can get as cold as {{convert|-18|C}}.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Senese |first1=Fred |date=23 February 2018 |url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solutions/faq/zero-fahrenheit.shtml |title=General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Solutions: Why isn't 0°F the lowest possible temperature for a salt/ice/water mixture? |website=General Chemistry Online |access-date=15 March 2016 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927152340/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solutions/faq/zero-fahrenheit.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref> ▼
The mixture of ice and salt create
▲[[eutectic]] [[frigorific mixture]] which can get as cold as {{convert|-18|C}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solutions/faq/zero-fahrenheit.shtml|title=General Chemistry Online: FAQ: Solutions: Why isn't 0°F the lowest possible temperature for a salt/ice/water mixture?|access-date=15 March 2016|archive-date=27 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927152340/http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/solutions/faq/zero-fahrenheit.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
The salt and ice challengestunt can quickly cause second- and third-degree injuries similar to frostbite or being burnt with the metal end of a [[lighter]], as well as causing painful [[Ulcer (dermatology)|open sores]] to form on the skin. Due to the numbing sensation of the cold and possible nerve damage during the stunt, participants are often unaware of the extent of any injuries sustained during the challenge, only feeling pain once the salt on their skin enters lesions created during the challenge. Skin discoloration from the challenge may remain after the challenge has been attempted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jaslow |first1=Ryan |date=2 July 2012 |url=httphttps://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57465323-10391704news/ice-and-salt-challenge-leaves-12-year-old-pittsburgh-boy-with-second-degree-burns/ |title="Ice and salt challenge" leaves 12-year-old Pittsburgh boy with second-degree burns - HealthPop |publisherwebsite=[[CBS News |date=2012-07-02]] |access-date=2013-06-24 June 2013|archive-date=3 July 2012-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120703104247/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504763_162-57465323-10391704/ice-and-salt-challenge-leaves-12-year-old-pittsburgh-boy-with-second-degree-burns/ |url-status=dead live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |lastlast1=Kwak |firstfirst1=Janet |url=http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/health/ice-and-salt-youtube-challenge-skittles-cinnamon-dare-burns-doctors-161177865.html |title=Ice-and-Salt Challenge Fires Up Health Officials <nowiki>|</nowiki> NBC Southern California |date=3 July 2012 |publisherwebsite=Nbclosangeles.com[[NBC Los Angeles]] |access-date=2013-06-24 June 2013|archive-date=9 November 2013-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109064322/http://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/health/ice-and-salt-youtube-challenge-skittles-cinnamon-dare-burns-doctors-161177865.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Templeton |first1=David
|date=29 June 2012 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-city/boy-12-badly-injured-in-salt-and-ice-challenge-642561/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701084654/http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-city/boy-12-badly-injured-in-salt-and-ice-challenge-642561/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 1, 2012 |title=Boy, 12, badly injured in 'salt-and-ice' challenge - |website=[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]] |publisher=Postaccess-gazette.com |date=2012-06-2924 June |access-date=2013-06-24}} </ref>
== Scientific Reactionexplanation ==
As mentioned, the reaction that is created betweenThe salt and ice isform an eutectic frigorific mixture. For[[Chemical thepolarity|Molecular salt and ice challenge, molecular polarizabilitypolarity]] is a key factor ofto this reaction. The ions in [[Sodiumsodium chloride]] (table salt) are heavily influenced by the molecular polarizability of the ice itself. <ref>{{Cite webjournal |lastlast1=Kim |firstfirst1=Jun Soo |datelast2=SeptemberYethiraj 28,|first2=Arun |year=2008 |title=The effect of salt on the melting of ice: A molecular dynamics simulation study |urljournal=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/129/12/124504/957549/The-effect- Journal of-salt-on-the-melting-of-ice-A?redirectedFrom=fulltext Chemical Physics |url-statusdoi=live10.1063/1.2979247 |archive-urlvolume=https://pubs.aip.org/aip/jcp/article-abstract/129/12/124504/957549/The-effect-of-salt-on-the-melting-of-ice-A?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-dateissue=November 16, 202412|pmid=19045033 |websitebibcode=The2008JChPh.129l4504K Journal of Chemical Physics}}</ref> The difference between the spacing of the electrons in the table salt and ice causecauses this reaction. The [[melting point]] of ice is decreased due to the incorporation of table salt and this then causes a binding of the two substances. The ice is neutralized by the salt, thus causing the ice to melt easiermore easily and at a higher ratequickly. <ref>{{Citecite webjournal |lastlast1=Breakey |firstfirst1=WilliwmWilliam |last2=Crowley |first2=Timothy P. |last3=Alrawi |first3=Mogdad |year=2015 |title=Salt and Ice, a Challenge Not to Be Taken Lightly |urljournal=https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/36/3/e230/4568862?redirectedFrom=fulltextJournal of Burn Care &login Research |volume=false36 |access-dateissue=November3 16, 2024|pages=e230 |websitedoi=Journal10.1097/BCR.0000000000000180|pmid=25412054 of Burn Care and Research}}</ref>
== Health Hazardshazards and Injuryinjury Recoveryrecovery ==
The stunt leaves behind an [[Frostbite|ice burn]] that increases in severity the longer the chemical reaction is occurring on the skin continues. In thethis ice burn that occurs from this reaction, the [[Iceice crystal|ice crystals]]s that form have the potential to burn and scar the skin permanently the longer the reaction occurs. [[Blister|Blistering]] at the site of injury is often common in more severe cases.<ref>{{Citecite webjournal |lastlast1=Sachs |firstfirst1=CristophChristoph |last2=LehenhardtLehnhardt |first2=Marcus |last3=Daigeler |first3=AdrienAdrian |last4=Goertz |first4=Ole |dateyear=October 30, 2015 |title=The Triaging and Treatment of Cold-Induced Injuries |urljournal=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4650908/Deutsches Ärzteblatt International |access-datevolume=November112 17,|issue=44 2014|pages=741–747 |websitedoi=National Library10.3238/arztebl.2015.0741 of|pmid=26575137|pmc=4650908 Medicine}}</ref> The freezing of tissue between the [[Dermis|dermal]] and [[Epidermis|epidermal]] levels of the skin leadleads to a disruption in blood circulation, initially causing frost nip.<ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=IiiLong III |firstfirst1=William B. Long |last2=Edlich |first2=Richard |last3=Winters |first3=Kathryne L. |last4=Britt |first4=L. D. |dateyear=2005 |title=Cold Injuries |url=https://www.dl.begellhouse.com/journals/1bef42082d7a0fdf,2ed3f1eb04c82575,08a591dc670a33fb.html |journal=Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants |language=English |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=67–78 |doi=10.1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.v15.i1.80 |pmid=15715518 |issn=1050-6934|url-access=subscription }}</ref> After a few days from a salt and ice challenge, depending on the severity and duration of the burn, regeneration of [[Epithelium|epithelial cells]] should slowly occurregenerate along with scarring and surface disruption. <ref>{{Cite journal |lastlast1=Isozaki |firstfirst1=Shotaro |last2=Tanaka |first2=Hiroki |last3=Horioka |first3=Kie |last4=Konishi |first4=Hiroaki |last5=Kashima |first5=Shin |last6=Takauji |first6=Shuhei |last7=Fujiya |first7=Mikihiro |last8=Druid |first8=Henrik |dateyear=2022-06-01 |title=Hypoxia-induced nuclear translocation of β-catenin in the healing process of frostbite |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925443922000485?via=ihub |journal=Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease |volume=1868 |issue=6 |pages=166385 |doi=10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166385 |issn=0925-4439}}</ref>
== In Popularpopular Cultureculture ==
The salt and ice challenge was popularized on [[YouTube]] and other [[social media]] in the late 2000s and early 2010s. The first documented video of the salt and ice challenge was posted to YouTube in 2006 by user OxZmoran. They performed the stunt and garnered over 100,000 views. <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-0--1VjoGM |title=ice plus salt=bad |date=2006-07-12 |last=OxZmoran |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref> The first viral salt and ice challenge was posted to the entertainment site [[eBaum's World]], in which a group of teenagers attempted the challenge and garnered almost 500,000 views.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ebaum |title=Ice And Salt |url=https://www.ebaumsworld.com/videos/ice-and-salt/6234/ |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=www.ebaumsworld.com |language=en}}</ref> This virality led to other popular influencers, YouTubers, and online personalities attempting the salt and ice challenge and posting the results online.
== YouTubeOnline Viralitynews and media ==
Due to the challenge's increase in popularity during the 2010s, many local and national news stations reported incidents of the challenge harming those involved and warning against it. [[CBS News]] reported a case in Pittsburgh in 2012 in which a teen received serious burns from attempting the challenge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jaslow |first=Ryan |date=2012-07-02 |title="Ice and salt challenge" leaves 12-year-old Pittsburgh boy with second-degree burns - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-and-salt-challenge-leaves-12-year-old-pittsburgh-boy-with-second-degree-burns/ |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2017, [[ABC Action News]] described how many teens are influenced by online videos, and that by attempting these challenges they can be sent to the hospital.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-07 |title=Viral Challenge sending teens to the ER |url=https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/region-tampa/viral-challenge-sending-teens-to-the-er |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=ABC Action News Tampa Bay (WFTS) |language=en}}</ref> Media talk shows such as the [[Today (American TV program)|Today Show]] posted an article directed to parents of teens, highlighting the dangers of social media and virality when influencing those to try online challenges.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-01-27 |title=The 'salt and ice' challenge is back, because teenagers |url=https://www.today.com/parents/salt-ice-challenge-leaving-teens-burns-t107482 |access-date=2024-12-02 |website=TODAY.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Famous YouTube personality [[GloZell|GloZell Green]] attempted the challenge in 2012. Although deleted from her original channel, it was reuploaded on YouTube that same year. GloZell made multiple followup videos about the challenge and how it affected her skin. These videos garnered millions of views. <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0Jq9wo4tqg&rco=1 |title=Salt and Ice Challenge W Lipstick on her teeth GloZell YouTube2 |date=2012-06-28 |last=mskitty3001 |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMUOyyQNJ8k |title=After the Salt and Ice Challenge ... GloZell |date=2012-03-28 |last=GloZell Green |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJqcf_II0zA&t=39s |title=My burnt arm 8 Days after GloZell's Salt and Ice Challenge |date=2012-04-05 |last=GloMamaG |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* The popular challenge YouTuber [[L.A. Beast|LA Beast]] attempted the challenge in 2012, burning himself by squeezing ice and salt between his hands. His video received almost 2 million views. <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ua6C4FViRDc&rco=1 |title=Salt and Ice Challenge |date=2012-12-14 |last=skippy62able |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* YouTuber [[Deji Olatunji]] posted a video of him attempting the challenge on his YouTube channel in 2017, gaining over 5 million views.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1WPI-LCXEM&pp=ygUWc2FsdCBhbmQgaWNlIGNoYWxsZW5nZQ== |title=DEADLY SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE |date=2014-07-19 |last=Deji |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* Online entertainer [[Chunkz]] burned himself trying the challenge on his YouTube channel in 2017. His video garnered almost 3 million views.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJBX5FHu9yU&pp=ygUWc2FsdCBhbmQgaWNlIGNoYWxsZW5nZQ== |title=EXTREME SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE (GONE WRONG) |date=2017-09-06 |last=Chunkz |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* Famous gaming YouTuber [[CoryxKenshin]] attempted the challenge during a video in 2014, gaining almost 2 million views. <ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZDjGZtsHwo |title=SALT AND ICE CHALLENGE {{!}} #CKADay [10] |date=2014-10-17 |last=CoryxKenshin |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
* In 2012, a young Australian singer and actor [[Troye Sivan]] attempted the challenge, gaining almost 1 million views on his YouTube video.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPiR7AirRio |title=SALT & ICE CHALLENGE WIN {{!}} Troye Sivan |date=2012-09-01 |last=Troye Sivan |access-date=2024-11-29 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
== See also ==
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