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Very few people have the ability to test their software under multiple operating systems with different versions of the core code and with other contributed packages they may use. For the [[R (programming language)|R programming language]], the [[CRAN (R programming language)|Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN)]] runs tests routinely.
To understand how this is valuable, imagine a situation with two developers, Sally and John. Sally contributes a package A. Sally only runs the current version of the software under one version of Microsoft Windows, and has only tested it in that environment. At more or less regular intervals, CRAN tests Sally's contribution under a dozen combinations of operating systems and versions of the core R language software. If one of them generates an error, she gets that error message. With luck, that error message details may provide enough input to allow enable a fix for the error, even if she cannot replicate it with her current hardware and software. Next, suppose John contributes to the repository a package B that uses a package A. Package B passes all the tests and is made available to users. Later, Sally submits an improved version of A, which
This example exposes both a strength and a weakness in the R contributed-package system: CRAN supports this kind of [[automated testing]] of contributed packages, but packages contributed to CRAN need not specify the versions of other contributed packages that they use. Procedures for requesting specific versions of packages exist, but contributors might not use those procedures.
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|[[Homebrew (package manager)|Homebrew]]
|A package installer for MacOS that allows one to install packages Apple
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|[[vcpkg]]
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