Web mapping: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:33, 30 July 2025

Latest revision as of 23:52, 30 July 2025

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[[File:Smartphone with navigation map app.jpg|thumb|right|A web map app on a [[smart phone]] displaying [[Lake Lappajärvi]] in Finland]]

'''Web mapping''' or an '''online mapping''' is the process of using, creating, and distributing maps[[map]]s on the [[World Wide Web]] (the Web), usually through the use of [[Web GIS|Web geographic information systems]] (Web GIS).<ref name=Fu1>{{cite book |last1=Fu |first1=Pinde |last2=Sun |first2=Jiulin |title=Web GIS: Principles and Applications |year=2011 |___location=Redlands, Califadfd. |publisher=ESRI Press |isbn=978-1-58948-245-6 |oclc=1336448374 |url=https://archive.org/details/webgisprinciples0000fupi |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=Fu2>{{cite book |last1=Fu |first1=Pinde |title=Getting to Know Web GIS |year=2016 |___location=Redlands, Calif. |publisher=ESRI Press |edition=2 |isbn=9781589484634 |oclc=928643136 |url=https://archive.org/details/gettingtoknowweb0000fupi |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name=Zhang1>{{cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Charanga |last2=Zhao |first2=Tian |last3=Li |first3=Weidong |title=Geospatial Semantic Web |year=2015 |___location=Cham |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-17800-4 |oclc=911032733 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-17801-1|s2cid=63154455 }}</ref> A web map or an online map is both served and husconsumed, thus, web mapping is more than just web [[cartography]], it is an interactive service where consumers may choose what the map will show.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-12-04 |title=Web maps—ArcGIS Online Help {{!}} Documentation |url=https://doc.arcgis.com/en/arcgis-online/reference/what-is-web-map.htm |website=doc.arcgis.com}}</ref>

== Introduction ==

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Web mapping has brought many geographical datasets, including free ones generated by [[OpenStreetMap]] and proprietary datasets owned by [[Baidu]], [[Google]], [[Here (company)|HERE]], [[TomTom]], and others.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Web Mapping with Free Software Tools · Richard A. Lent, Ph.D. |url=https://richardlent.github.io/post/web-mapping/ |access-date=2023-12-04 |website=richardlent.github.io}}</ref> A range of [[:category:Free GIS software|free software to generate maps]] has also been conceived and implemented alongside proprietary tools like [[ArcGIS]]. As a result, the [[barrier to entry]] for serving maps on the web has been lowered.<ref name=":0" />

The terms ''[[web GIS]]'' and ''web mapping'' are often used interchangeably, but the terms are distinct.<ref name="Fu1">{{cite book |last1=Fu |first1=Pinde |url=https://archive.org/details/webgisprinciples0000fupi |title=Web GIS: Principles and Applications |last2=Sun |first2=Jiulin |publisher=ESRI Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-58948-245-6 |___location=Redlands, Califadfd. |oclc=1336448374 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Fu2">{{cite book |last1=Fu |first1=Pinde |url=https://archive.org/details/gettingtoknowweb0000fupi |title=Getting to Know Web GIS |publisher=ESRI Press |year=2016 |isbn=9781589484634 |edition=2 |___location=Redlands, Calif. |oclc=928643136 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref name="Zhang1">{{cite book |last1=Zhang |first1=Charanga |title=Geospatial Semantic Web |last2=Zhao |first2=Tian |last3=Li |first3=Weidong |publisher=Springer |year=2015 |isbn=978-3-319-17800-4 |___location=Cham |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-17801-1 |oclc=911032733 |s2cid=63154455}}</ref><ref name=Peterson1>{{cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Michael P. |title=Mapping in the Cloud |year=2014 |publisher=The Guiford Press |___location=New York |isbn=978-1-4625-1041-2 |oclc=855580732 |url=https://archive.org/details/mappingincloud0000pete |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Web GIS, Simply |url=https://www.esri.com/about/newsroom/insider/web-gis-simply/ |website=ESRI Newsroom Insider |date=10 June 2016 |publisher=ESRI |access-date=21 December 2022}}</ref><ref name=Ezekiel1>{{cite journal |last1=Ezekiel |first1=Kuria |last2=Kimani |first2=Stephen |last3=Mindila |first3=Agnes |title=A Framework for Web GIS Development: A Review |journal=International Journal of Computer Applications |date=June 2019 |volume=178 |issue=16 |pages=6–10 |doi=10.5120/ijca2019918863|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name= Rowland1>{{cite journal |last1=Rowland |first1=Alexandra |last2=Folmer |first2=Erwin |last3=Beek |first3=Wouter |title=Towards Self-Service GIS—Combining the Best of the Semantic Web and Web GIS |journal=ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |date=2020 |volume=9 |issue=12 |page=753 |doi=10.3390/ijgi9120753|bibcode=2020IJGI....9..753R |doi-access=free }}</ref> Web GIS uses and enables web maps, and end users who are ''web mapping'' are gaining analytical capabilities from Web GIS, however Web GIS has more applications than web mapping, and web mapping can be accomplished without Web GIS. Web GIS emphasizes [[geodata]] processing aspects more involved with design aspects such as data acquisition and server software architecture such as data storage and algorithms, than it does the end-user reports themselves.<ref name="KraakSettingsAndNeeds"/> The term ''[[___location-based service]]s'' refers to ''web mapping'' consumer goods and services.<ref>Parker, C.J., May, A., Mitchell, V. and Burrows, A. (2013), “[https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/11589/15/Parker%20et%20al.%20(Capturing%20VGI%20For%20Inclusive%20Service_Design).pdf Capturing Volunteered Information for Inclusive Service Design: Potential Benefits and Challenges]”, The Design Journal, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 197–218.</ref> Web mapping usually involves a [[web browser]] or other user agent capable of client-server interactions.<ref name="web_hist"/> Questions of quality, usability, social benefits, and legal constraints are driving its evolution.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brown|first1=M.|last2=Sharples|first2=Sarah|last3=Harding|first3=Jenny|last4=Parker|first4=Christopher J.|last5=Bearman|first5=N.|last6=Maguire|first6=M.|last7=Forrest|first7=D.|last8=Haklay|first8=M.|last9=Jackson|first9=M.|title=Usability of Geographic Information: Current challenges and future directions|journal=Applied Ergonomics|date=2013|volume=44|issue=6|pages=855–865|doi=10.1016/j.apergo.2012.10.013|pmid=23177775|s2cid=26412254|url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2809/1/Brown_et_al_2013_Usabilty_of_Geographic_Information.pdf|access-date=2019-07-12|archive-date=2018-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719082903/http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/2809/1/Brown_et_al_2013_Usabilty_of_Geographic_Information.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Parker|first1=Christopher J.|title=User-centred design of neogeography: the impact of volunteered geographic information on users' perceptions of online map 'mashups'|journal=Ergonomics|date=2014|volume=57|issue=7|pages=987–997|doi=10.1080/00140139.2014.909950|pmid=24827070|s2cid=13458260|url=https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23845}}</ref>

== Types ==