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{{Short description|API for Java}}
'''Java Database Connectivity''' ('''JDBC''') is an [[application programming interface]] (API) for the [[Java (programming language)|Java]] programming language which defines how a client may access a [[database]]. It is a Java-based data access technology used for Java database connectivity. It is part of the [[Java Standard Edition]] platform, from [[Oracle Corporation]]. It provides methods to query and update data in a database, and is oriented toward [[
|name = JDBC
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|website = {{Javadoc:SE-guide|jdbc|JDBC API Guide}}
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▲'''Java Database Connectivity''' ('''JDBC''') is an [[application programming interface]] (API) for the [[Java (programming language)|Java]] programming language which defines how a client may access a [[database]]. It is a Java-based data access technology used for Java database connectivity. It is part of the [[Java Standard Edition]] platform, from [[Oracle Corporation]]. It provides methods to query and update data in a database, and is oriented toward [[relational database]]s. A JDBC-to-[[ODBC]] bridge enables connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in the [[Java virtual machine]] (JVM) host environment.
==History and implementation==
[[Sun Microsystems]] released JDBC as part of [[Java Development Kit]] (JDK) 1.1 on February 19, 1997.<ref name="JDK 1.1 release">
{{cite web
| title = Sun Ships JDK 1.1 -- Javabeans Included
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Since then it has been part of the [[Java Platform, Standard Edition]] (Java SE).
The JDBC classes are contained in the [[Java package]] {{Javadoc:SE|package=java.sql|java/sql|module=java.sql}} and {{Javadoc:SE|package=javax.sql|javax/sql|module=java.sql}}, as well as a few other classes elsewhere. Everything involved in JDBC is exported through [[Java Platform Module System|module]] <code>java.sql</code>.
Starting with version 3.1, JDBC has been developed under the [[Java Community Process]]. JSR 54 specifies JDBC 3.0 (included in J2SE 1.4), JSR 114 specifies the JDBC Rowset additions, and JSR 221 is the specification of JDBC 4.0 (included in Java SE 6).<ref>[http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/download.html#corespec40 JDBC API Specification Version: 4.0].</ref>
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The latest version, JDBC 4.3, is specified by a maintenance release 3 of JSR 221<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/mrel/jsr221/index3.html|title=The Java Community Process(SM) Program - communityprocess - mrel|website=jcp.org|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> and is included in Java SE 9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.oracle.com/javase/9/docs/api/java/sql/package-summary.html|title=java.sql (Java SE 9 & JDK 9)|website=docs.oracle.com|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ JDBC versions
|-
! JDBC version !! Java version !! Release Type !! Release date
|-
| 1.1 || JDK 1.1 || Main || 1997-02-19.<ref name="JDK 1.1 release" />
|-
| [https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=54 3.0] || J2SE 1.4 || Main || 2002-05-09
|-
| [https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221 4.0] || Java SE 6 || Main || 2006-12-11
|-
| [https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221 4.1] || Java SE 7 || Maintenance || 2011-10-13
|-
| [https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221 4.2] || Java SE 8 || Maintenance || 2014-03-04
|-
| [https://www.jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=221 4.3] || Java SE 9 || Maintenance || 2017-09-21
|}
==Functionality==
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|}
Since JDBC
JDBC connections support creating and executing statements. JDBC connections support update statements such as SQL's [[Create (SQL)|CREATE]], [[Insert (SQL)|INSERT]], [[Update (SQL)|UPDATE]] and [[Delete (SQL)|DELETE]], or query statements such as [[Select (SQL)|SELECT]]. Additionally, stored procedures may be invoked through a JDBC connection. JDBC represents statements using one of the following classes:
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* [[Simba Technologies]] ships an SDK for building custom JDBC Drivers for any custom/proprietary relational data source
* CData Software ships type 4 JDBC Drivers for various applications, databases, and Web APIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdata.com/jdbc/|title=JDBC Drivers - CData Software|website=CData Software|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
* RSSBus Type 4 JDBC Drivers for applications, databases, and web services<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rssbus.com/jdbc/|title=JDBC Drivers - CData Software|website=CData Software|access-date=22 March 2018|archive-date=22 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222115409/http://www.rssbus.com/jdbc/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* DataDirect Technologies provides a comprehensive suite of fast Type 4 JDBC drivers for all major database they advertise as Type 5<ref name=datadirect>{{cite web
| url=http://www.datadirect.com/products/features/data-connectivity/type-5-jdbc/index.html
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== References ==
* {{cite book | last=Bai | first=Ying | title=SQL Server Database Programming with Java | publisher=[[Springer International Publishing]] | publication-place=Cham | year=2022 | isbn=978-3-030-92686-1 | doi=10.1007/978-3-031-06553-8}}
* {{cite book | last=Horstmann | first=Cay | title=Core Java | publisher=Oracle Press Java | date=April 15, 2022 | isbn=978-0-13-787107-
==External links==
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