Enumeration Beyond Entry program: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Social Security Numbers issued under Enumeration Beyond Entry }}

{{Draft topics|north-america|politics-and-government|stem}}

{{AfC topic|other}}

{{AfC submission|||ts=20250421062250|u=DongerInBarney|ns=118}}

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= Overview =

The '''Enumeration Beyond Entry'''<ref>{{cite web |title=RM 10205.700 Enumeration Beyond Entry (EBE) |url=https://secure.ssa.gov/poms.nsf/lnx/0110205700 |publisher=Social Security Administration |access-date=April 20, 2025}}</ref> program is an agreement between the [[Social Security Administration]] (SSA),

the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS), and the

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According to the same letter, DHS collects information during the USCIS

application process (Form I-765) and electronically transmits it to the SSA, thus eliminating the need for

applicants to file a separate SS-5 application at an SSA field office.

Beginning on April 1, 2024, under theDemocratic president [[Joe Biden Administration]], the EBE program was expanded to include

information from [[Form N-400]] (Application for Naturalization).<ref>{{citation |title=New Citizens Will Be Able to Seamlessly Request Social Security Updates |url=https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/stakeholder-messages/new-citizens-will-be-able-to-seamlessly-request-social-security-updates"}}</ref>

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or if it was added in a later expansion.

== Related Programs ==

The EBE program is very similar in concept to the Enumeration At Entry (EAE) program.<ref>

{{citecitation |url=https://www.ssa.gov/faqs/en/questions/KA-10040.html |title=What is Enumeration at Entry and how does it work?}}</ref> Under the EAE program, any lawful permanent resident can simultaneoussimultaneously apply for both an immigration

visa and a Social Security number using Form DS-230 or Form DS-260. As with the EBE program, the DHS will

transmit the information to the SSA for automatic issuance of a Social Security number.

The primary difference

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admitted to the United States (thus "at entry"), whereas EBE is targeted towards those who are already in the US ("beyond entry").

EAE started as a pilot program in 2002 under Republican Presidentpresident [[George W. Bush]], and was expanded worldwide

in 2003.<ref>{{citecitation |title=The Story of the Social Security Number |url=https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html}}</ref>

== History of Social Security Numbers for Non-Citizens ==

The practicelegal ofbasis for issuing Social Security numbers to non-citizens existed long before the EAE and EBE programs were established.

These programs merely made the process more efficient by eliminating the need for extraneous applications.

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employment, and to anyone receiving or applying

for a Federal benefit. This was done to deal with concerns over welfare fraud and illegal work done by

unauthorized persons.<ref>{{citecitation |title=Report to Congress on Options for Enhancing the Social Security Card |url=https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/ssnreportc2.html}}</ref><ref>{{citecitation |title=Social Security Number Chronology |url=https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssn/ssnchron.html}}</ref>

These changes were codified in Public Law 92-603.<ref>{{citecitation |title=Public Law 92-603 Full Text |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-86/pdf/STATUTE-86-Pg1329.pdf}}</ref> The relevant section reads:

<blockquote>Sec, 137. Section 205 (c)(2) of the Social Security Act is amended—

(1) by inserting "(A) " immediately after "(2)" ; and

(2) by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph:

"(B)(i) In carrying out his duties under subparagraph (A), the

Secretary shall take affirmative measures to assure that social security

account numbers will, to the maximum extent practicable, be assigned

to all members of appropriate groups or categories of individuals

by assigning such numbers (or ascertaining that such numbers have

already been assigned):

"(I) to aliens at the time of their lawful admission to the

United States either for permanent residence or under other

authority of law permitting them to engage in employment in

the United States and to other aliens at such time as their status

is so changed as to make it lawful for them to engage in such

employment;

"(II) to any individual who is an applicant for or recipient

of benefits under any program financed in whole or in part from

Federal funds including any child on whose behalf such benefits

are claimed by another person; and

... remainder of text omitted ...</blockquote>

The law provides for issuance of Social Security numbers either at entry ("at the time of their lawful admission")

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A complete list of current policies and information regarding Social Security numbers for non-citizens is available in

Publication 05-10096<ref>{{citecitation |title=Social Security Numbers for Noncitizens |url=https://www.ssa.gov/pubs/EN-05-10096.pdf}}</ref> available for download on the SSA web site. Additional information is also available in Code of

Federal Regulation 422.104,<ref>{{citecitation |title=Code of Federal Regulations 422.104 |url=https://www.ssa.gov/OP_Home/cfr20/422/422-0104.htm}}</ref> also available on the SSA web site.

== Media attention ==

The EBE program came to wider public attention in March 2025, when [[Elon Musk]] and [[Antonio Gracias]],

speaking at a town hall rally in Green Bay, Wisconsin on March 30, 2025,<ref>{{cite web

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|date=March 30, 2025

|access-date=April 20, 2025}}</ref> pushed disputed claims about non-citizens voting and receiving

benefits,<ref>{{cite web |title=Snopes Article: Musk's claim Biden administration gave Social Security numbers to millions of noncitizens lacks context |date=April 2025 |url=https://www.snopes.com/news/2025/04/01/musk-biden-social-security-numbers/}}</ref><ref>{{citation |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/11/nx-s1-5352470/doge-musk-social-security-voting |title=How DOGE may have improperly used Social Security data to push voter fraud narratives|work=NPR |date=11 April 2025 |last1=Fowler |first1=Stephen }}</ref> pointing to the dramatic

rise in Social Security numbers issued to non-citizens under the Biden administration as evidence.

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|publisher=Fox 9 Minneapolis-St. Paul

|date=March 30, 2025

|access-date=April 20, 2025}}</ref>

Gracias claims that the source of the information came from the EBE program, but did not elaborate on exactly

Musk and Gracias see malfeasance behind the rising numbers, with Musk stating in the lead up to Gracias' presentation:

how the data was collected, from what specific databases, or how the numbers were ultimately calculated, nor did

he provide a breakdown of the individual contributions from each of the three possible forms used, namely Form I-765, Form I-485, and Form N-400 to the total sums.

{{blockquote|

And this is really the thing that is causing the Democrats to lose their mind. Because they're actually spending at this point

tens of billions to attract and retain illegals in the United States. It's really on that scale - it's a gigantic

number. And the goal is to turn all the swing states blue.<ref>{{cite web

|title=Town Hall Video Excerpt: See Elon Must quote starting at 1:37:07

|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VhIIS_9ZtDE&t=5827s

|website=YouTube

|publisher=Fox 9 Minneapolis-St. Paul

|date=March 30, 2025

|access-date=April 20, 2025}}</ref>

}}

Musk and Gracias see malfeasance behind the rising numbers, with Musk statingcommenting in the lead up toon Gracias' presentationchart:

and a few minutes later at the same event adding:

{{blockquote|

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However, according to former SSA Commissioner Martin O'Malley, in a March 31, 2025 interview with Rolling Stone, the numbers increased as a

result of the number of lawfully admitted immigrants increasing.<ref>{{citation |url=https://archivewww.phrollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/musk-trump-immigrants-social-security-numbers-1235307351/b4vHR#selection-1903.2-1906.0:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20number%20of%20immigrants%20enumerated%20during%20the%20Biden%20administration%20increased%20because%20the%20number%20of%20lawfully%20admitted%20immigrants%20increased%2C%E2%80%9D%20O%E2%80%99Malley%20says. |title=Musk Blames Dems for Trump Giving Immigrants Social Security Numbers |date=31 March 2025 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20250401075541/https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-features/musk-trump-immigrants-social-security-numbers-1235307351/#selection-1903.2-1906.0:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20number%20of%20immigrants%20enumerated%20during%20the%20Biden%20administration%20increased%20because%20the%20number%20of%20lawfully%20admitted%20immigrants%20increased%2C%E2%80%9D%20O%E2%80%99Malley%20says. | archive-date=2025-04-01}}</ref> That, in addition to the expansion of the program

to include naturalization applicants under Form N-400, explains the increase, according to Snopes.

It seems somewhat ironic that PL 92-603 was passed to '''''prevent fraud''''', whereas Musk and Gracias seem to

be under the impression that issuing Social Security numbers to non-citizens '''''is fraud'''''.

== References ==

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{{reflist}}

[[Category:Immigration to the United States]]

[[Category:United States Citizenship and Immigration Services]]

[[Category:Social Security Administration]]