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| developer = [[OpenJS Foundation]]
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2013|7|15}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v0.1.0|title=electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=8 May 2018|archive-date=2 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802143311/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v0.1.0|url-status=live}}</ref>
| latest release version = 36.2.0<ref name="current-version">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v36.2.0|title=Release electron v36.2.0 · electron/electron|date=7 May 2025|website=GitHub|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref>
| latest release version = {{wikidata|property|preferred|reference|edit|Q21614124|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| latest release date = {{Startstart date and age|{{wikidata2025|qualifier05|preferred|single|Q21614124|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}07}}
| latest preview version = 3037.0.0-betaalpha.3<ref name="current-preview">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v30v37.0.0-betaalpha.3|title=Release electron v30v37.0.0-betaalpha.3 · electron/electron|date=265 MarchMay 20242025|website=GitHub|access-date=267 MarchMay 20242025}}</ref>
| latest preview date = {{sdastart date and age|20242025|0305|2605}}
| programming language = [[C++]], [[JavaScript]], [[Objective-C++]] and [[Objective-C]]
| operating system = [[Linux]], [[FreeBSD]], [[macOS]], and [[Windows]]
| platform = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]]
| license = [[MIT License]]<ref name="license">{{cite web|title=electron/LICENSE at master|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/LICENSE|website=GitHub|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-date=12 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512183219/https://github.com/electron/electron/blob/master/LICENSE|url-status=live}}</ref>
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}}
 
'''Electron''' (formerly known as '''Atom Shell'''<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last1=Sawicki|first1=Kevin|date=23 April 2015|title=Atom Shell is now Electron|url=https://www.electronjs.org/blog/electron|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2022|work=Electron|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109205411/http://electronjs.org/blog/electron |archive-date=9 November 2017 }}</ref>) is a [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] [[software framework]] developed and maintained by [[OpenJS Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.electronjs.org/ |title=Build cross-platform desktop apps with JavaScript, HTML, and CSS &#124; Electron |access-date=February 1, 2023 |archive-date=9 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509124521/https://www.electronjs.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The framework is designed to create desktop applications using [[Web development|web technologies]] (mainly [[HTML]], [[CSS]] and [[JavaScript]], although other technologies such as front-end frameworks and [[WebAssembly]] are possible) that are rendered using a version of the [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium browser engine]] and a back end using the [[Node.js]] runtime environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electronjs.org/blog/electron-internals-using-node-as-a-library|title=Electron Internals: Using Node as a Library|website=electronjs.org|date=8 August 2016|access-date=3 July 2020|archive-date=9 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171109205326/https://electronjs.org/blog/electron-internals-using-node-as-a-library|url-status=live}}</ref> It also uses various [[API|APIs]]s to enable functionality such as native integration with Node.js services and an [[inter-process communication]] module.
 
Electron was originally built for [[Atom (text editor)|Atom]]<ref name=":0" /> and is the main GUI framework behind several other open-source projects including [[GitHub Desktop]], [[Light Table (software)|Light Table]],<ref name="LT1">{{cite web|last1=Horner|first1=Gabriel|title=Light Table 0.8.0|url=http://lighttable.com/2015/12/10/light-table-0-8-0/|date=10 December 2015|access-date=3 July 2020|publisher=lighttable.com|archive-date=13 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151213173414/http://lighttable.com/2015/12/10/light-table-0-8-0/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Visual Studio Code]], [[WordPress]] Desktop,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/Automattic/wp-desktop|title=GitHub Repository|website=[[GitHub]]|access-date=16 June 2019|archive-date=19 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219194955/https://github.com/Automattic/wp-desktop|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Eclipse Theia]].<ref name="theia">{{Cite web|title=Theia - Cloud and Desktop IDE Platform|url=https://theia-ide.org/|access-date=2021-12-31|website=theia-ide.org|archive-date=20 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420143515/https://theia-ide.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
== Architecture ==
Electron applications include a "main" process and several "renderer" processes. The main process runs the logic for the application (e. g., menus, shell commands, lifecycle events), and can then launch multiple renderer processes by instantiating an instance of the {{code|BrowserWindow|javascript|style=font-weight: bold; color: green;}} class, which loads a window that appears on the screen by rendering [[HTML]] and [[CSS]].{{fact|date=October 2024}}
 
Both the main and renderer processes can run with [[Node.js]] integration if the {{code|nodeIntegration}} field in the main process is set to {{code|true|javascript}}.{{fact|date=October 2024}}
 
Most of Electron's APIs are written in [[C++]] or [[Objective-C]] and are exposed directly to the application code through [[JavaScript]] bindings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://electronjs.org/blog/from-native-to-js|title=From native to JavaScript in Electron {{!}} Electron Blog|website=electronjs.org|date=19 March 2019|access-date=2019-04-26|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426032159/https://electronjs.org/blog/from-native-to-js|url-status=live}}</ref>
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! Release !! Status !! Release date !! End of life date || Chromium version !! Node.js version !! Module version || N-API version || ICU version
|-
| {{Version|cpo|v30v1.x8.yx}} || {{Version|cpo|BetaEnd-of-Life}}<ref name="current-preview"/> ||TBD 12 December 2017 ||TBD 20 December 2018 ||TBD 59 ||TBD 8.2 ||? 57 || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|co|v29v2.x0.yx}} || {{Version|co|CurrentEnd-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2024-02-20}} 1 May 2018 ||{{Date|2024-08-20}} 24 April 2019 ||122 61 ||20 8.9 ||? 57 || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v3.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2018-09-18}} September 2018 || {{Date|29 July 2019-07-29}} || 66 || 10.2 || 64 || 3 || ?▼
<!-- Note: GitHub shows a release of Dec 4, 2023, 11:12 PM GMT+1 for this release -->
| {{Version|co|v28.x.y}} || {{Version|co|Active}} ||{{Date|2023-12-05}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v28.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v28.0.0 |date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2023-12-14 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=14 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214215655/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v28.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2024-06-11}} ||120 ||18.18 ||? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v4.2.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2018-12-20}} December 2018 || {{Date|22 October 2019-10-22}} || 69 || 10.11 || 69 || 3 || 62.2▼
| {{Version|co|v27.x.y}} || {{Version|co|Active}} ||{{Date|2023-10-10}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v27.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v27.0.0 |date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2023-10-11 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=11 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011081004/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v27.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2024-04-16}} ||118 ||18.17 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v5.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-04-24}} April 2019 || {{Date|4 February 2020-02-04}} || 73 || 12.0 || 70 || 4 || 63.1▼
| {{Version|o|v26.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2023-08-15}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v26.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v26.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923151615/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v26.0.0|url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2024-02-20}} ||116 ||18.16 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v6.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-07-29}} July 2019 || {{Date|18 May 2020-05-18}} || 76 || 12.4 || 73 || 4 || 64.2▼
| {{Version|o|v25.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2023-05-30}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v25.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v25.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923151832/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v25.0.0|url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-12-05}} ||114 ||18.15 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v7.3.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-10-22}} October 2019 || {{Date|25 August 2020-08-25}} || 78 || 12.8 || 75 || 4 || 64.2▼
| {{Version|o|v24.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2023-04-04}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v24.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v24.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923152010/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v24.0.0|url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-10-10}} ||112 ||18.14 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v8.3.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|4 February 2020-02-04}} || {{Date|16 November 2020-11-16}} || 80 || 12.13 || 76 || 5 || 65.1▼
| {{Version|o|v23.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2022-11-30}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v23.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v23.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923152229/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v23.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-08-15}} ||110 ||18.12 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v9.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-05-18}} May 2020 || {{Date|2 March 2021-03-02}} || 83 || 12.14 || 80 || 5 || 65.1▼
| {{Version|o|v22.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2022-11-30}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Release electron v22.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v22.0.0 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215021758/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v22.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-10-10}} ||108 ||16.17 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v10.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-08-25}} August 2020 || {{Date|25 May 2021-05-25}} || 85 || 12.16 || 82 || 5 || 65.1▼
| {{Version|o|v21.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2022-09-26}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Release electron v21.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v21.0.0 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216134546/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v21.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-04-04}} ||106 ||16.16 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v11.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-11-16}} November 2020 || {{Date|30 August 2021-08-30}} || 87 || 12.18 || 85 || 5 || 65.1▼
| {{Version|o|v20.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2022-08-02}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v20.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v20.0.0 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216134548/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v20.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-02-07}} ||104 ||16.15 || ? || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v14v12.x0.yx}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2 March 2021-08-30}} || {{Date|2022-03-29}}15 November 2021<ref name="v18v16"/> || 9289 || 14.1716 || 8987 || 87 || 6968.1▼
| {{Version|o|v19.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2022-05-24}}<ref name="v19">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19.0.0|title=Release electron v19.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531223319/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> ||{{Date|2022-11-29}}<ref name="auto2"/>|| 102 || 16.14 || 106 || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v18v13.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2022-03-29}}<ref25 name="v18">{{CiteMay web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v18.0.0|title=Release2021 electron v18.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=4 May31 2022|archive-date=4 MayJanuary 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504024011/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v18.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> ||{{Date|2022-09-26}}<ref name="autov17"/> || 10091 || 1614.1316 || 10389 || ?7 || ?68.1
|-
| {{Version|o|v14.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || 30 August 2021 || 29 March 2022<ref name="v18"/> || 92 || 14.17 || 89 || 8 || 69.1
| {{Version|o|v17.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2022-02-01}}<ref name="v17">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v17.0.0|title=Release electron v17.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212020115/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v17.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> ||{{Date|2022-08-02}} || 98 || 16.13 || 101 || ? || ?▼
|-
| {{Version|o|v16v15.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2021-11-15}}<ref21 name="v16">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v16.0.0|title=Release electron v16.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=3 DecemberSeptember 2021|archive-date=6 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206162946/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v16.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> 24 ||May {{Date|2022-05-24}}<ref name="v19"/> || 9694 || 16.95 || 9998 || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v15v16.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || 15 November 2021<ref name="v16">{{DateCite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v16.0.0|title=Release electron v16.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=3 December 2021|archive-09date=6 December 2021|archive-21url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206162946/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v16.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> || {{Date|2022-05-24}} May 2022<ref name="v19"/> || 9496 || 16.59 || 9899 || ? || ?
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v19v17.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|1 February 2022-05-24}}<ref name="v19v17">{{Cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19v17.0.0|title=Release electron v19v17.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=3128 MayFebruary 2022|archive-date=3112 MayFebruary 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022053122331920220212020115/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19v17.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> ||{{Date|2 August 2022-11-29}}<ref name="auto2"/>|| 10298 || 16.1413 || 106101 || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v14.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2021-08-30}} || {{Date|2022-03-29}}<ref name="v18"/> || 92 || 14.17 || 89 || 8 || 69.1
|-
| {{Version|o|v13v18.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || 29 March 2022<ref name="v18">{{DateCite web|2021-05-25}}url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v18.0.0|title=Release electron v18.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=4 {{DateMay 2022|archive-date=4 May 2022|archive-01url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504024011/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v18.0.0|url-31status=live}}</ref> ||26 September 2022<ref name="v17auto"/> || 91100 || 14.16.13 || 89103 || 7? || 68.1?
|-
| {{Version|o|v12.0v19.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || 24 May 2022<ref name="v19">{{DateCite web|2021-03-02}}url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19.0.0|title=Release electron v19.0.0 · electron/electron|website=GitHub|access-date=31 {{DateMay 2022|2021archive-11date=31 May 2022|archive-15url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531223319/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v19.0.0|url-status=live}}</ref> ||29 November 2022<ref name="v16auto2"/> || 89102 || 14.16.14 || 87106 || 7? || 68.1?
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v23v20.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2 August 2022-11-30}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v23v20.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v23v20.0.0 |access-date=20232022-0912-2316 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=2316 SeptemberDecember 20232022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023092315222920221216134548/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v23v20.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|7 February 2023-08-15}} ||110104 ||1816.1215 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v11.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-11-16}} || {{Date|2021-08-30}} || 87 || 12.18 || 85 || 5 || 65.1
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v21.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|26 September 2022-09-26}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Release electron v21.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v21.0.0 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=16 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221216134546/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v21.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|4 April 2023-04-04}} ||106 ||16.16 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v10.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-08-25}} || {{Date|2021-05-25}} || 85 || 12.16 || 82 || 5 || 65.1
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v22.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|30 November 2022-11-30}}<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Release electron v22.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v22.0.0 |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215021758/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v22.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|10 October 2023-10-10}} ||108 ||16.17 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v9.4.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-05-18}} || {{Date|2021-03-02}} || 83 || 12.14 || 80 || 5 || 65.1
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v24v23.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2023-04-04}}30 November 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v24v23.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v24v23.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023092315201020230923152229/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v24v23.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|15 August 2023-10-10}} ||112110 ||18.1412 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v8.3.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2020-02-04}} || {{Date|2020-11-16}} || 80 || 12.13 || 76 || 5 || 65.1
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v25v24.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|4 April 2023-05-30}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v25v24.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v25v24.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023092315183220230923152010/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v25v24.0.0|url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|10 October 2023-12-05}} ||114112 ||18.1514 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v7.3.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-10-22}} || {{Date|2020-08-25}} || 78 || 12.8 || 75 || 4 || 64.2
|-
▲| {{Version|coo|v27v25.x.y}} || {{Version|coo|ActiveEnd-of-Life}} ||{{Date|30 May 2023-10-10}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v27v25.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v27v25.0.0 |date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2023-1009-1123 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=1123 OctoberSeptember 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023101108100420230923151832/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v27v25.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2024-04-16}}5 December 2023 ||118114 ||18.1715 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v6.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-07-29}} || {{Date|2020-05-18}} || 76 || 12.4 || 73 || 4 || 64.2
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v26.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|15 August 2023-08-15}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v26.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v26.0.0 |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923151615/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v26.0.0|url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|20 February 2024-02-20}} ||116 ||18.16 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v5.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2019-04-24}} || {{Date|2020-02-04}} || 73 || 12.0 || 70 || 4 || 63.1
|-
▲| {{Version|coo|v28v27.x.y}} || {{Version|coo|ActiveEnd-of-Life}} ||{{Date|10 October 2023-12-05}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v28v27.0.0 · electron/electron|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v28v27.0.0 |date=2023-1210-0410 |access-date=2023-1210-1411 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=1411 DecemberOctober 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2023121421565520231011081004/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v28v27.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|16 April 2024-06-11}} ||120118 ||18.1817 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v4.2.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2018-12-20}} || {{Date|2019-10-22}} || 69 || 10.11 || 69 || 3 || 62.2
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v20v28.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||{{Date|2022<!-08-02}} Note: GitHub shows a release of Dec 4, 2023, 11:12 PM GMT+1 for this release -->5 December 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=Release electron v20v28.0.0 · electron/electron |url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v20v28.0.0 |date=2023-12-04 |access-date=20222023-12-1614 |website=GitHub |language=en |archive-date=1614 December 20222023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022121613454820231214215655/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v20v28.0.0 |url-status=live }}</ref>||{{Date|2023-02-07}}11 June 2024 ||104120 ||1618.1518 || ? || ? || ?
▲| {{Version|o|v3.1.x}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2018-09-18}} || {{Date|2019-07-29}} || 66 || 10.2 || 64 || 3 || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v2.0v29.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||20 {{Date|2018-05-01}}February 2024 ||20 {{Date|2019-04-24}}August 2024 || 61122 || 820.9 || 57? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v1.8v30.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||16 {{Date|2017-12-12}}April 2024 ||15 {{Date|2018-12-20}}October 2024 || 59124 || 820.211 || 57? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v31.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||11 June 2024 ||7 January 2025 ||126 ||20.14 ||? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|o|v32.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} ||20 August 2024 ||4 March 2025 ||128 ||20.16 ||? || ? || ?
|-
▲| {{Version|o|v17v33.x.y}} || {{Version|o|End-of-Life}} || {{Date|2022-02-01}}15 October 2024<ref name="v17">{{Citecite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v17v33.0.0|title=Release electron v17v33.0.0 · electron/electron|date=14 October 2024|website=GitHub|access-date=2816 FebruaryOctober 2022|archive-date=12 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212020115/https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v17.0.0|url-status=live2024}}</ref> ||{{Date|2022-08-02}} 29 April 2025 || 98130 || 1620.1318 || 101? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|co|v34.x.y}} || {{Version|co|Active}} ||14 January 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v34.0.0|title=Release electron v34.0.0 · electron/electron|date=14 January 2025|website=GitHub|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> ||24 June 2025 ||132 ||20.18 ||? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|co|v35.x.y}} || {{Version|co|Active}} ||4 March 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v35.0.0|title=Release electron v35.0.0 · electron/electron|date=3 March 2025|website=GitHub|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> ||2 September 2025 ||134 ||22.14 ||? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|c|v36.x.y}} || {{Version|c|Current}} ||29 April 2025<ref name="current">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/tag/v36.0.0|title=Release electron v36.0.0 · electron/electron|date=28 April 2025|website=GitHub|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> ||28 October 2025 ||136 ||22.14 ||? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|cp|v37.x.y}} || {{Version|cp|Prerelease}} ||24 June 2025 (Scheduled)<ref name="prerelease">{{cite web|url=https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/tutorial/electron-timelines|title=Releases|date=21 April 2025|website=Electron|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> ||13 January 2026 ||138 ||TBD ||? || ? || ?
|-
| {{Version|p|v38.x.y}} || {{Version|p|Nightly}} ||TBD<ref name="nightly">{{cite web|url=https://releases.electronjs.org/release?channel=nightly|title=Nightly · Electron Releases|date=30 April 2025|website=Electron|access-date=7 May 2025}}</ref> ||TBD ||TBD ||TBD ||? || ? || ?
|}
 
Line 105 ⟶ 120:
{{Main|List of software using Electron}}
 
Desktop applications built with Electron include [[Atom (text editor)|Atom]],<ref name="electron-blog">{{cite web |last1=Sawicki |first1=Kevin |date=23 April 2015 |title=Atom Shell is now Electron |url=https://electronjs.org/blog/2015/04/23/electron |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016124310/https://electronjs.org/blog/electron |archive-date=16 October 2019 |access-date=15 July 2017 |work=Electron}}</ref> [[Etcher (software)|balenaEtcher]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Etcher on GitHub |url=https://github.com/balena-io/etcher |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116012922/https://github.com/balena-io/etcher |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=7 July 2020 |website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> [[Eclipse TheiaDiscord]],<ref name="theia" /> [[Microsoft Teams]],<ref name="ms-teams">{{Cite web |last=msdmaguire |title=How Microsoft Teams uses memory - Microsoft Teams |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-memory-usage-perf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208013106/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-memory-usage-perf |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=docs.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref> [[Slack (software)|Slack]],<ref name="slack">{{cite news |date=25 October 2016 |title=Building hybrid applications with Electron |url=https://slack.engineering/building-hybrid-applications-with-electron-dc67686de5fb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016124311/https://slack.engineering/building-hybrid-applications-with-electron-dc67686de5fb?gi=b2a5127226ea |archive-date=16 October 2019 |access-date=12 August 2017 |work=Several People Are Coding}}</ref> and [[Visual Studio Code]].<ref name="ars-electron">{{cite web |last1=Bright |first1=Peter |date=29 April 2015 |title=Microsoft's new Code editor is built on Google's Chromium |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/04/microsofts-new-code-editor-is-built-on-googles-chromium/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507020146/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/04/microsofts-new-code-editor-is-built-on-googles-chromium/ |archive-date=7 May 2015 |access-date=18 November 2015 |work=[[Ars Technica]]}}</ref><ref name="gh-source">{{cite web |date=29 March 2022 |title=Open Source project |url=https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123164810/https://github.com/Microsoft/vscode |archive-date=23 November 2015 |access-date=20 May 2018 |website=[[GitHub]]}}</ref> The [[Brave Browserbrowser]] was based on Electron before it was rewritten to use Chromium directly.<ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Jagmeet |date=2017-01-03 |title=People are now even doing machine learning in JavaScript |url=https://www.opensourceforu.com/2017/01/javascript-creator-brendan-eich-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107122039/https://www.opensourceforu.com/2017/01/javascript-creator-brendan-eich-interview/ |archive-date=7 January 2017 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=Open Source For U}}</ref>, while [[Microsoft Teams]] used Electron before 2.0.<ref name="ms-teams">{{Cite web |last=msdmaguire |title=How Microsoft Teams uses memory - Microsoft Teams |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-memory-usage-perf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208013106/https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/teams-memory-usage-perf |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=2021-11-12 |website=docs.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Redmond |first1=Tony |title=Teams 2.0 Moves Away from Electron to Embrace Edge WebView2 |url=https://office365itpros.com/2021/06/25/teams-2-webview2-replaces-electron/ |website=Office 365 for IT Pros |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=2 August 2024}}</ref>
 
== Reception ==
The most common criticism of Electron is that it necessitates [[software bloat]] when used for simple programs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Proven |first=Liam |date=2021-11-19 |title=Some FOSS gems: Franz, RamBox, Pidgin and more |url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/19/friday_foss_fest/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119235239/https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/19/friday_foss_fest/ |archive-date=19 November 2021 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=The Register}}</ref> As a result, [[Michael Larabel]] has referred to the framework as "notorious among most Linux desktop users for being resource heavy, not integrating well with most desktops, and generally being despised."<ref>{{cite web |last=Larabel |first=Michael |date=2019-02-09 |title=Electron Apps Are Bad, So Now You Can Create Desktop Apps With HTML5 + Golang |url=https://www.phoronix.com/news/HTML5-Golang-Desktop-Apps |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826131838/https://www.phoronix.com/news/HTML5-Golang-Desktop-Apps |archive-date=26 August 2022 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=Phoronix}}</ref> Meanwhile, Joey Sneddon states that this tradeoff is sensible as Electron greatly lowers the cost of developing and maintaining cross-platform software.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sneddon |first=Joey |date=2017-07-23 |title=Seriously folks, Electron apps aren't that bad |url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/07/why-electron-apps-arent-bad-2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516103739/https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2017/07/why-electron-apps-arent-bad-2 |archive-date=16 May 2018 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=OMG Ubuntu}}</ref>
Researchers have shown that Electron's large feature set can be hijacked by bad actors with write access to the source JavaScript files. This requires root access on *nix systems and isn'tis not considered to be a vulnerability by the Electron developers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Sean |date=2019-08-07 |title=Skype, Slack, other Electron based apps can be easily backdoored |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/08/skype-slack-other-electron-based-apps-can-be-easily-backdoored/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807173425/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/08/skype-slack-other-electron-based-apps-can-be-easily-backdoored/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref> Those who are concerned that Electron is not always based on the newest version of Chromium have recommended [[progressive web application]]s as an alternative.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hoffman |first=Chris |date=2019-08-15 |title=That native app is probably just an old web browser |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/436841/that-native-app-is-probably-just-an-old-web-browser/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815143207/https://www.howtogeek.com/436841/that-native-app-is-probably-just-an-old-web-browser/ |archive-date=15 August 2019 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=How To Geek}}</ref>▼
 
▲Researchers have shown that Electron's large feature set can be hijacked by bad actors with write access to the source JavaScript files. This requires root access on *nix systems and isn't considered to be a vulnerability by the Electron developers.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Sean |date=2019-08-07 |title=Skype, Slack, other Electron based apps can be easily backdoored |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/08/skype-slack-other-electron-based-apps-can-be-easily-backdoored/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807173425/https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/08/skype-slack-other-electron-based-apps-can-be-easily-backdoored/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref> Those who are concerned that Electron is not always based on the newest version of Chromium have recommended [[progressive web application]]s as an alternative.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hoffman |first=Chris |date=2019-08-15 |title=That native app is probably just an old web browser |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/436841/that-native-app-is-probably-just-an-old-web-browser/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190815143207/https://www.howtogeek.com/436841/that-native-app-is-probably-just-an-old-web-browser/ |archive-date=15 August 2019 |accessdate=2022-08-26 |publisher=How To Geek}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
 
{{columns-list|colwidth=35em|
* [[Apache Cordova]]
* [[Chromium Embedded Framework]] (CEF)
Line 124 ⟶ 139:
* [[Progressive web app]]
* [[Node.js]]
* [[Tauri (software framework)]]
* [[Flutter (software)]]
* [[PyQt]]
}}
 
== References ==
{{Reflist|1}}
 
== External links ==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_(software_framework)"