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{{more citations needed|date=November 2022}}
In [[computer programming]], a '''trait''' is a [[programming language|language]] concept that represents a set of [[Method (computer programming)|methods]] that can be used to extend the functionality of a [[Class (computer science)|class]].<ref name="schaerli-ecoop-2003">{{cite
==Rationale==
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In case of a [[naming collision]] between methods provided by different traits, the programmer must explicitly disambiguate which one of those methods will be used in the class; thus manually solving the ''[[Multiple inheritance#The diamond problem|diamond problem]]'' of [[multiple inheritance]]. This is different from other composition methods in object-oriented programming, where conflicting names are automatically resolved by [[Scope (computer science)|scoping rules]].
Operations which can be performed with traits include:<ref>{{cite
|first1 = Kathleen |last1 = Fisher | author1-link = Kathleen Fisher
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* [[Java (programming language)|Java]]: Since version 8, Java has support for ''default methods'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/IandI/defaultmethods.html | title=Default Methods | website=The Java Tutorials | publisher=Oracle | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref> which have some properties of traits.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00432538/ | title= FeatherTrait: A Modest Extension of Featherweight Java | first1=Luigi | last1=Liquori | first2=Arnaud | last2=Spiwack | journal= ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems | date=2008 | volume= 30 | issue= 2 | pages= 11:1 |doi=10.1145/1330017.1330022| s2cid= 17231803 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00432540/ | title= Extending FeatherTrait Java with Interfaces | first1=Luigi | last1=Liquori | first2=Arnaud | last2=Spiwack | journal= Theoretical Computer Science | date=2008 | volume= 398 | issue= 1–3 | pages= 243–260 |doi=10.1016/j.tcs.2008.01.051| s2cid= 12923128 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference | url=https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01026531/en | title=Trait-oriented Programming in Java 8 | first1=Viviana | last1=Bono | first2=Enrico | last2=Mensa | first3=Marco | last3=Naddeo | conference=International Conference on Principles and Practices of Programming on the Java Platform: virtual machines, languages, and tools (PPPJ ’14) | date=September 2014 | conference-url=http://pppj2014.pk.edu.pl/ |pages=181–6 |doi=10.1145/2647508.2647520 |citeseerx=10.1.1.902.161}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Definition of the Trait Pattern in Java | url=http://ageofjava.com/2016/02/definition-of-trait-pattern-in-java.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804005218/http://ageofjava.com/2016/02/definition-of-trait-pattern-in-java.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=August 4, 2016 | website=Age of Java | date=February 3, 2016 | access-date=February 3, 2016 | first=Emil | last=Forslund}}</ref>
* [[JavaScript]]: Traits can be implemented via functions and delegations<ref>{{cite web | url=http://peterseliger.blogspot.com/2014/04/the-many-talents-of-javascript.html | title=The Many Talents of JavaScript | first=Peter | last=Seliger | date=April 11, 2014 | access-date=January 23, 2015}}</ref> or through libraries that provide traits.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://traitsjs.github.io/traits.js-website/ | title=Traits.js: Traits for JavaScript | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=http://soft.vub.ac.be/Publications/2012/vub-soft-tr-12-19.pdf | title=Robust Trait Composition for Javascript | first1=Tom | last1=Van Cutsem | first2=Mark S. | last2=Miller | journal=Science of Computer Programming| year=2012 | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cocktailjs.github.io/ | title=CocktailJS | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Julia (programming language)|Julia]]: Several packages implement traits, e.g.,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://github.com/mauro3/SimpleTraits.jl | title=SimpleTraits.jl | author=
* [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]]: Traits have been called ''interfaces''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kotlinlang.org/docs/reference/interfaces.html | title=Interfaces | website=Kotlin Reference | publisher=JetBrains | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref> since M12.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blog.jetbrains.com/kotlin/2015/05/kotlin-m12-is-out/ | title=Kotlin M12 is out! | first=Andrey | last=Breslav | website=Kotlin Blog | publisher=JetBrains | date=May 29, 2015 | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
* [[Lasso (programming language)|Lasso]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lassoguide.com/language/traits.html | title=Traits | website=Lasso Language Guide | publisher=LassoSoft | date=January 6, 2014 | access-date=January 23, 2016}}</ref>
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=== Rust ===
A trait in Rust declares a set of methods that a type must implement.<ref>{{Cite web
<syntaxhighlight lang="rust">
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