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There are challenges and implications surrounding digitization including time, cost, cultural history concerns, and creating an equitable platform for historically marginalized voices.<ref name=":822">{{Cite journal |last=Hughes-Watkins |first=Lae'l |date=2018-05-16 |title=Moving Toward a Reparative Archive: A Roadmap for a Holistic Approach to Disrupting Homogenous Histories in Academic Repositories and Creating Inclusive Spaces for Marginalized Voices |url=https://elischolar.library.yale.edu/jcas/vol5/iss1/6 |journal=Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |issn=2380-8845}}</ref> Many digitizing institutions develop their own solutions to these challenges.<ref name=":04"/>
Mass digitization projects have had mixed results over the years, but some institutions have had success even if not in the traditional Google Books model.<ref name=":922">Verheusen, A. (2008). Mass digitization by libraries: Issues concerning organisation, quality and efficiency. ''LIBER Quarterly'', 18(1), 28-38.</ref> Although e-books have undermined the sales of their printed counterparts, a study from 2017 indicated that the two cater to different audiences and use-cases.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Yoo |first1=Dong Kyoon |last2=Roh |first2=James Jungbae |date=2019-03-04 |title=Adoption of e-Books: A Digital Textbook Perspective |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08874417.2017.1318688 |journal=Journal of Computer Information Systems |language=en |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=136–145 |doi=10.1080/08874417.2017.1318688 |issn=0887-4417|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In a study of over 1400 university students it was found that physical literature is more apt for intense studies while e-books provide a superior experience for leisurely reading.<ref name=":1" />
Technological changes can happen often and quickly, so digitization standards are difficult to keep updated. Professionals in the field can attend conferences and join organizations and working groups to keep their knowledge current and add to the conversation.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Session 7: Reformatting and Digitization |url=https://www.nedcc.org/preservation101/session-7/7digitization |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=Northeast Document Conservation Center |language=en}}</ref>
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Analog signals are continuous electrical signals; digital signals are non-continuous. Analog signals can be converted to digital signals by using an [[analog-to-digital converter]].<ref>ICT Technologies. (2004, February 3). ''Analog vs. digital signals''. Chapter 3: Module 2: Communication Systems. Archived from the original on March 3, 2008. Retrieved on December 15, 2021, from https://tsapps.nist.gov/publication/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=821701</ref>
The process of converting analog to digital consists of two parts: sampling and quantizing. Sampling measures wave amplitudes at regular intervals, splits them along the vertical axis, and assigns them a numerical value, while quantizing looks for measurements that are between binary values and rounds them up or down.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How do we convert audio from analogue to digital and back? |url=https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/how-do-we-convert-audio-from-analogue-to-digital-and-back/ |access-date=2023-04-14 |website=BBC Science Focus Magazine |date=11 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
Nearly all recorded music has been digitized, and about 12 percent of the 500,000+ movies listed on the [[Internet Movie Database]] are digitized and were released on [[DVD]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.6028/jres.107.010 | title=The state of the art and practice in digital preservation | year=2002 | last1=Lee | first1=K.H. | last2=Slattery | first2=O. | last3=Lu | first3=R. | last4=Tang | first4=X. | last5=McCrary | first5=V. | journal=Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology | volume=107 | issue=1 | pages=93–106 | pmid=27446721 | pmc=4865277 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1257/jep.31.3.195 | title=How Digitization Has Created a Golden Age of Music, Movies, Books, and Television | year=2017 | last1=Waldfogel | first1=Joel | journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives | volume=31 | issue=3 | pages=195–214 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
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=== Non-traditional staffing ===
Many institutions have the option of using volunteers, student employees, or temporary employees on projects. While this saves on staffing costs, it can add costs elsewhere such as on training or having to re-scan items due to poor quality.<ref name=":152" /><ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1108/DLP-07-2017-0024 | title=Staffing with students | year=2018 | last1=Skulan | first1=Naomi | journal=Digital Library Perspectives | volume=34 | issue=1 | pages=32–44 | url=https://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/library/7 }}</ref>
=== MPLP ===
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==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
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