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{{multiple image
| image5 = Ms loves linux.png
| caption5 = "Microsoft (loves) Linux", image from the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/blog/2015/05/06/microsoft-loves-linux/|Microsoft official blog in 2015]
| alt5 = "Microsoft (loves) Linux"
}}
[[Microsoft]], a
Microsoft open sourced some of its code, including the [[.NET Framework]], and made investments in Linux development, server technology, and organizations, including the [[Linux Foundation]] and [[Open Source Initiative]]. [[Linux]]-based operating systems power the company's [[Microsoft Azure|Azure cloud services]]. Microsoft acquired [[GitHub]], the largest host for open source project infrastructure, in 2018. Microsoft is among the site's most active contributors.
Since 2017, Microsoft is one of the biggest open source contributors in the world,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Asay |first1=Matt |title=Why Microsoft and Google are now leading the open source revolution |work=[[TechRepublic]] |date=2017-10-30 |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-microsoft-and-google-are-now-leading-the-open-source-revolution/ |language=en |access-date=2019-04-21 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> measured by the number of employees actively contributing to open source projects on GitHub, the largest host of source code in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/microsoft-may-be-the-worlds-largest-open-source-contributor-but-developers-dont-yet-care/|title=Microsoft may be the world's largest open source contributor, but developers don't care--yet|website=TechRepublic|date=November 4, 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3253948/who-really-contributes-to-open-source.html|title=Who really contributes to open source|first=Matt|last=Asay|date=February 7, 2018|website=InfoWorld}}</ref>
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=== Adoption ===
==== 1990s ====
In 1998, Microsoft published at least one public beta release of their Services for UNIX (SFU)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/unixproresources |title=Microsoft Resources for UNIX professionals |website=[[Microsoft]] |accessdate=2023-09-08 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031022182301/http://www.microsoft.com/windows/sfu/unixproresources/ |archivedate=2003-10-22 }}</ref> based on the [[MKS Toolkit|MKS toolkit]], which in turn included some [[GNU#Components|GNU utilities]] licensed under the [[GPL]]. Microsoft fulfilled the obligations imposed by the GPL and other [[Free and open-source software|Open Source Software (FLOSS)]] licenses by offering the source code of these software components and their licenses for download.
[[Services for Unix|Services for UNIX (SFU)]] v1.0 was released in February 1999.
==== 2000s ====
In April 2004, [[WiX|Windows Installer XML]] (WiX) was the first [[Microsoft]] project to be released under an open-source license,
In June 2004, for the first time Microsoft was represented with a booth at [[LinuxTag]], a free software [[computer expo|exposition]], held annually in [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.linuxtag.org/2004/exhibitorlist.html LinuxTag 2004 Ausstellerliste]</ref> LinuxTag claims to be Europe's largest exhibition for open source software.
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In August 2004, Microsoft made the complete source code of the [[Windows Template Library]] (WTL) available under the [[Common Public License]] and released it through SourceForge. Since version 9.1, the library is licensed under the [[Microsoft Public License]].<ref>[https://sourceforge.net/projects/wtl/files/ Download pages for WTL version 7.5, 8.0, 9.0, 9.1 and 10]</ref>
In September 2004, [[Microsoft]] released its [[FlexWiki]], making its source code available on SourceForge.<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Windows/FlexWiki-Microsofts-Third-Open-Software-Project/ |title=FlexWiki: Microsofts Third Open Software Project |work=[[eWeek]] |date=September 28, 2004 |access-date=April 5, 2012 }}</ref> The engine is open source, also licensed under the Common Public License. FlexWiki was the third Microsoft project to be distributed via SourceForge, after WiX and Windows Template Library.
In 2005, Microsoft released the [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]] [[programming language]] under the [[Apache License 2.0]].<ref name="boxofcables.dev" />
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Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer acknowledged that more customers are running mixed systems and said about the partnership with Novell:
{{
In June 2007, [[Tom Hanrahan]], former ''Director of Engineering'' at the [[Linux Foundation]], became Microsoft's ''Director of Linux Interoperability''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-appoints-linux-interoperability-chief/|title=Microsoft appoints Linux interoperability chief|first=Richard|last=Thurston|date=June 11, 2007|website=ZDNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2644663/microsoft-names-linux-interop-director.html|title=Microsoft names Linux interop director|first=Paul|last=Krill|date=June 8, 2007|website=InfoWorld}}</ref>
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In 2014, the company opened the source of its [[.NET Framework]] to promote its software ecosystem and stimulate cross-platform development. Microsoft also started contributing to the [[OpenJDK]] the same year.<ref name="boxofcables.dev" /> The ''Wireless Display Adapter'', released in 2014, was Microsoft's first hardware device to use [[embedded Linux]].<ref name="boxofcables.dev" />
In the beginning of 2015, Microsoft open sourced the [[Z3 Theorem Prover]], a cross-platform [[satisfiability modulo theories]] (SMT) solver.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sdtimes.com/android/microsofts-visual-studio-timeline-and-z3-theorem-prover-google-cloud-launcher-facebooks-fresco-sd-times-news-digest-march-27-2015/|title=Microsoft's Visual Studio timeline and Z3 Theorem Prover, Google Cloud Launcher, Facebook's Fresco—SD Times news digest: March 27, 2015|date=March 27, 2015}}</ref>
Also in 2015, Microsoft co-founded the [[Node.js Foundation]]<ref>[https://www.onmsft.com/news/microsoft-moves-others-help-create-nodejs-foundation Microsoft moves, with others, to help create the Node.js Foundation]</ref> and joined the [[R Foundation]]. After completing the acquisition of [[Revolution Analytics]] in 2015,<ref name="Machine Learning Blog">{{cite web|last1= Sirosh|first1= Joseph|title= Microsoft Closes Acquisition of Revolution Analytics|url= http://blogs.technet.com/b/machinelearning/archive/2015/04/06/microsoft-closes-acquisition-of-revolution-analytics.aspx|website= blogs.technet.com|publisher= Microsoft|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> Microsoft integrated the open source [[R (programming language)|R programming language]] into [[SQL Server 2016]], [[SQL Server 2017]], [[SQL Server 2019]], [[Microsoft Power BI|Power BI]], [[Azure SQL Managed Instance]], [[Azure Cortana Intelligence]], [[Microsoft ML Server]] and [[Visual Studio 2017]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/visualstudio/2016/03/22/introducing-r-tools-for-visual-studio-3/|title=Introducing R Tools for Visual Studio|access-date=2018-09-20|language=en-US}}</ref>
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Microsoft opened the keynote speech at [[All Things Open]] in 2015 by stating that:
{{
In August 2015, Microsoft released [[WinObjC]], also known as Windows Bridge for iOS, an open-source [[middleware]] toolkit that allows [[iOS]] apps developed in [[Objective-C]] to be ported to Windows 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2960526/software-development/microsoft-releases-ios-to-windows-app-maker-windows-bridge-to-open-source.html|title=Microsoft releases iOS-to-Windows app maker Windows Bridge to open source|last=Hachman|first=Mark|website=[[PC World]]|publisher=IDG|date=August 6, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501095343/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 1, 2015|title=Microsoft Demonstrates Android and iOS Applications Running On Windows 10|last=Chester|first=Brandon|website=[[Anandtech]]|publisher=Purch Inc.|date=April 29, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/05/01/everything-you-need-to-know-about-porting-android-and-ios-apps-to-windows-10/|title=Everything you need to know about porting Android and iOS apps to Windows 10|last=Protalinski|first=Emil|website=[[VentureBeat]]|date=May 1, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> On November 18, 2015, [[Visual Studio Code]] was released under the proprietary Microsoft License and a subset of its source code was posted to [[GitHub]] under the [[Expat License|MIT License]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Visual Studio now supports debugging Linux apps; Code editor now open source|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/11/visual-studio-now-supports-debugging-linux-apps-code-editor-now-open-source/|access-date=18 November 2015|work=Ars Technica}}</ref>
[[File:Number of open source contributors by company.png|thumb|The ten organizations with the most open-source contributors on GitHub in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://octoverse.github.com/|title=The state of the Octoverse 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405182156/https://octoverse.github.com/|archive-date=April 5, 2017}}</ref>]]
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Commentators have noted the adoption of open source and the change of strategy at Microsoft:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/linux-and-open-source-have-won-get-over-it/|title=Linux and open source have won, get over it|first=Steven J.|last=Vaughan-Nichols|website=ZDNet}}</ref>
{{
At [[EclipseCon]] in March 2016, Microsoft announced that the company is joining the [[Eclipse Foundation]] as a ''Solutions Member''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-joins-eclipse-foundation-and-brings-more-tools-to-community/|title=Microsoft joins Eclipse Foundation and brings more tools to community|last=Hill|first=Paul|date=8 March 2013|website=[[Neowin]]|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref>
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The [[BitFunnel]] [[search engine indexing]] algorithm and various components of the [[Microsoft Bing]] search engine were made open source by Microsoft in 2016.<ref name="InfoWorld">{{Cite web|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3116080/microsoft-open-sources-bing-components-for-fast-code-compilation.html|title=Microsoft open-sources Bing components for fast code compilation|first=Serdar|last=Yegulalp|date=September 6, 2016|website=InfoWorld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Arpit|date=2016-09-07|title=Microsoft Open Sources Major Components Of Bing Search Engine, Here's Why It Matters|url=https://fossbytes.com/microsoft-working-open-source-search-components-used-power-bing/|access-date=2020-06-12|website=Fossbytes|language=en-US}}</ref> [[vcpkg]], a cross-platform open source [[package manager]], was released in September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sdtimes.com/android/yelp-launches-yelp-fusion-microsoft-creates-vcpkg-tool-new-touch-sense-sdk-android-developers-sd-times-news-digest-sept-20-2016/|title=Yelp launches Yelp Fusion, Microsoft creates Vcpkg tool, and the new Touch Sense SDK for Android developers|date=September 20, 2016|website=SD Times}}</ref>
Microsoft joined the [[Open Source Initiative]], the [[Cloud Native Computing Foundation]], and the [[MariaDB Foundation]] in 2017.<ref name="boxofcables.dev" /> The Open Source Initiative, formerly a target of Microsoft, used the occasion of Microsoft's sponsorship as a milestone for open source software's widespread acceptance.
The [[Debian]]-based [[SONiC (operating system)|SONiC]] [[network operating system]] was open sourced by Microsoft in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|first=Michael|last=Cooney|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/3584918/meet-sonic-the-new-nos-definitely-not-the-same-as-the-old-nos.html|title=Meet SONiC, the new NOS (definitely not the same as the old NOS)|date=October 8, 2020|website=NETWORKWORLD}}</ref>
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In 2018, the Microsoft CTO of Data spoke with ZDNet about the growing importance of open source stating that:
{{
Microsoft became ''Platinum Sponsor'' and delivered the keynote of the 2018 [[Southern California Linux Expo]] – the largest community-run open-source and free software conference in North America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.socallinuxexpo.org/scale/16x|title=SCALE 16x | 16x|website=www.socallinuxexpo.org}}</ref>{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=34}}
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In August 2022, Microsoft open sourced more than 1,500 of its 3D [[emoji]] to let creators remix and customize them. The library is available on [[Figma (software)|Figma]] and GitHub.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/10/23299527/microsoft-emoji-open-source-creators|title=Microsoft open sources its 3D emoji to let creators remix and customize them|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=10 August 2022|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>
On May 18, 2025, Microsoft released [[Microsoft Edit]], an open-source recreation of the [[MS-DOS Editor]] written in the [[Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]] for modern versions of Windows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/669318/microsoft-edit-on-windows-command-line-text-editor|title=Microsoft’s Edit on Windows is a new command-line text editor|work=[[The Verge]]|date=19 May 2025|access-date=21 May 2025|author-last=Warren|author-first=Tom}}</ref>
== Support of open source organizations ==
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* CodePlex Foundation, later known as [[Outercurve Foundation]]<ref name="boxofcables.dev" />
* [[Confidential Computing Consortium]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://confidentialcomputing.io/members/|title=Members}}</ref>
* [[Eclipse Adoptium Working Group]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/openjdk|title=Microsoft Build of OpenJDK|website=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref>
* [[Eclipse Foundation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eclipse.org/membership/exploreMembership.php#tab-contributing|title=Explore Our Members | The Eclipse Foundation|first=Christopher|last=Guindon|website=www.eclipse.org}}</ref>
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{{expand section|date=April 2019}}
* [[.NET]] – [[Managed code]] [[software framework]] for Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems{{sfn|Radits|2019|p=33}}
* [[Roslyn (compiler)|.NET Compiler Platform (Roslyn)]] – [[Compiler]]s and [[code analysis]] APIs for [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and [[Visual Basic .NET]] programming languages
* [[.NET Gadgeteer]] – Rapid-prototyping standard for building small electronic devices
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* [[AirSim]] – Simulator for drones, cars and other objects, built as a platform for [[AI]] research
* [[Allegiance (video game)|''Allegiance'']] – [[Multiplayer video game|Multiplayer]] [[online game]] providing a mix of [[real-time strategy]] and player piloted [[Space combat simulator|space combat]] gameplay
* [[ASP.NET]] – It is a web application framework developed for building dynamic web applications and services.
* [[ASP.NET AJAX]] – It is a set of extensions for ASP.NET that enables developers to create asynchronous, interactive web applications.
* [[ASP.NET Core]] – It is an open-source, cross-platform framework developed for building modern web applications and services.
* [[ASP.NET MVC]] – It is a web application framework which follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.
* [[ASP.NET Razor]] – It is a markup syntax used in ASP.NET for creating web pages.
* [[ASP.NET Web Forms|ASP.NET Web Forms –]] It is a web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic websites by utilizing a component-based approach.
[[File:Atom screenshot v1.41.0.png|thumb|[[Atom (text editor)|Atom]] [[text editor|text]] and [[source code editor]] with an open project on [[Windows 10]]]]
* [[Atom (text editor)|Atom]] – [[text editor|Text]] and [[source code editor]] for [[macOS]], [[Linux]], and [[Microsoft Windows]]
* [[Babylon.js]] – A [[Real-time computing|real time]] 3D engine using a [[JavaScript]] library for displaying [[3D computer graphics|3D graphics]] in a web browser via [[HTML5]]
* [[BitFunnel]] – A signature-based [[search engine]]
* [[Blazor]] – [[Web framework]] that enables developers to create [[
* [[Bosque (programming language)|Bosque]] – [[Functional programming]] language<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Krill |first1=Paul |title=Microsoft aims for simplicity with Bosque programming language |work=[[InfoWorld]] |date=2019-04-18 |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3390197/microsoft-aims-for-simplicity-with-bosque-programming-language.html |language=en |access-date=2019-04-22 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
* [[C++/WinRT]] – [[C++]] library for Microsoft's [[Windows Runtime]] platform, designed to provide access to modern [[Windows API]]s
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* [[Microsoft Detours|Detours]] – C++ library for intercepting, monitoring and instrumenting binary functions on Microsoft Windows
[[File:DiskSpd v2.0.21a 1115x624.png|thumb|[[DiskSpd]]]]
* [[DiskSpd]] – [[Command-line
* [[Dynamic Language Runtime]] – Runtime that runs on top of the [[Common Language Runtime|CLR]] and provides [[computer language]] services for [[dynamic language]]s
* [[eBPF on Windows]] – Register-based virtual machine designed to run a custom 64-bit RISC-like architecture via just-in-time compilation inside the kernel
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* [[GW-BASIC]] – Dialect of the [[BASIC]] [[programming language]]
* [[Microsoft C++ Standard Library]] – Implementation of the [[C++ Standard Library]] (also known as the STL)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/open-sourcing-msvcs-stl/|title=Open Sourcing MSVC's STL|date=September 16, 2019|website=C++ Team Blog}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Edit]] – [[Text-based user interface|TUI]] [[text editor]]
[[File:Monodevelop5.4.png|thumb|[[MonoDevelop]] [[integrated development environment|IDE]] for [[Linux]], [[macOS]], and [[Windows]]]]
* [[Mixed Reality Toolkit]] – Software development kit (SDK) for the development of [[mixed reality]] (MR) and [[augmented reality]] (AR) software applications
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* [[npm (software)|npm]] – [[Package manager]] for the [[JavaScript]] programming language
* [[OneFuzz]] – Cross-platform [[fuzzer|fuzz testing framework]]
* [[Open Live Writer]] – Desktop [[
* [[Open Management Infrastructure]] – [[Common Information Model (computing)|CIM]] management server
* [[Open XML SDK]] – set of [[managed code]] libraries to create and manipulate [[Office Open XML]] files programmatically
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* [[Windows Package Manager]] – [[Package manager]] for Windows 10
* [[Windows Presentation Foundation]] – Graphical subsystem (similar to [[WinForms]]) for rendering [[user interface]]s in Windows-based applications
* [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]] – Windows component that allows a GNU/Linux environment to be used from within Windows.
* [[Windows Template Library]] – [[Object-oriented programming|Object-oriented]] [[C++]] template [[Library (computing)|library]] for [[Win32]] development
* [[Windows UI Library]] – Set of [[UI control]]s and features for the [[Universal Windows Platform]] (UWP)
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