Microsoft and open source: Difference between revisions

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| image1 = FsharpFSharp logoLogo.png

| caption1 = [[F Sharp Software Foundation|F# Software Foundation]]

| image2 = .NET Foundation Logo.svg

| caption2 = [[.NET Foundation]]

| image3 = Xamarin-logo.svg

| caption3 = [[Xamarin]]

| image4 = GitHub logo 2013.svg

| caption4 = [[GitHub]]

| image5 = Ms loves linux.png

| caption5 = "Microsoft (loves) Linux", image from the [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/blog/2015/05/06/microsoft-loves-linux/&#124;Microsoft official blog in 2015]

| alt5 = "Microsoft (loves) Linux"

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[[Microsoft]], a technologytech company historically known for its opposition to the [[open source software]] paradigm, turned to embrace the approach in the 2010s. From the 1970s through 2000s under CEOs [[Bill Gates]] and [[Steve Ballmer]], Microsoft viewed the community creation and sharing of communal code, later to be known as free and open source software, as a threat to its business, and both executives spoke negatively against it. In the 2010s, as the industry turned towards [[cloud computing|cloud]], [[embedded computing|embedded]], and [[mobile computing]]—technologies powered by open source advances—CEO [[Satya Nadella]] led Microsoft towards open source adoption although Microsoft's traditional Windows business continued to grow throughout this period generating revenues of 26.8 billion in the third quarter of 2018, while Microsoft's [[Microsoft Azure|Azure]] cloud revenues nearly doubled.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/04/even-windows-revenue-is-up-in-microsofts-26-8-billion-3q18/|title=Even Windows revenue is up in Microsoft's $26.8 billion 3Q18|last=Bright|first=Peter|date=2018-04-26|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=2019-12-18}}</ref>

Microsoft open sourced some of its code, including the [[.NET Framework]], and made investments in Linux development, server technology, and organizations, including the [[Linux Foundation]] and [[Open Source Initiative]]. [[Linux]]-based operating systems power the company's [[Microsoft Azure|Azure cloud services]]. Microsoft acquired [[GitHub]], the largest host for open source project infrastructure, in 2018. Microsoft is among the site's most active contributors. While this acquisition led a few projects to migrate away from GitHub,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GitHub rivals gain from Microsoft acquisition but it's no mass exodus, yet |work=[[ZDNet]] |date=2019-05-06 |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/github-rivals-gain-from-microsoft-acquisition-but-its-no-mass-exodus-yet/ }}</ref> this proved a short-lived phenomenon as by 2019 there were over 10 million new users of [[GitHub]].{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}

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==== 2000s ====

In April 2004, [[WiX|Windows Installer XML]] (WiX) was the first [[Microsoft]] project to be released under an open-source license,<ref>{{cite web |last=Mensching |first=Rob |date=14 August 2012 |title=Outercurve Foundation and WiX toolset together, at last |url=http://robmensching.com/blog/posts/2012/8/14/outercurve-foundation-and-wix-toolset-together-at-last |work=RobMensching.com /Blog |access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> the [[Common Public License]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mensching |first=Rob |date=20 August 2012 |title=The WiX toolset license |url=http://robmensching.com/blog/posts/2012/8/20/the-wix-toolset-license |access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Initially hosted on [[SourceForge]],<ref name="Mensching 2004-04-05">{{cite web |last=Mensching |first=Rob |date=5 April 2004 |title=Windows Installer XML (WiX) toolset has released as Open Source on SourceForge.net |url=http://robmensching.com/blog/posts/2004/4/5/windows-installer-xml-wix-toolset-has-released-as-open-source-on-sourceforge.net |work=RobMensching.com /Blog |access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> it was also the first Microsoft project to be hosted externally.

In June 2004, for the first time Microsoft was represented with a booth at [[LinuxTag]], a free software [[computer expo|exposition]], held annually in [[Germany]].<ref>[http://www.linuxtag.org/2004/exhibitorlist.html LinuxTag 2004 Ausstellerliste]</ref> LinuxTag claims to be Europe's largest exhibition for open source software.

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{{blockquote|Microsoft's approach to open today is: Enable, integrate, release, and contribute.|[[Mark Russinovich]], CTO of [[Microsoft Azure]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/mark-russinovich-the-microsoft-azure-cloud-and-open-source/|title=Microsoft's Mark Russinovich to Linux faithful: Send us your resumes|first=Steven J.|last=Vaughan-Nichols|website=ZDNet}}</ref>}}

In August 2015, Microsoft released [[WinObjC]], also known as Windows Bridge for iOS, an open-source [[middleware]] toolkit that allows [[iOS]] apps developed in [[Objective-C]] to be ported to Windows 10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2960526/software-development/microsoft-releases-ios-to-windows-app-maker-windows-bridge-to-open-source.html|title=Microsoft releases iOS-to-Windows app maker Windows Bridge to open source|last=Hachman|first=Mark|website=[[PC World]]|publisher=IDG|date=August 6, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501095343/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9205/microsoft-demonstrates-android-and-ios-applications-running-on-windows-10|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 1, 2015|title=Microsoft Demonstrates Android and iOS Applications Running On Windows 10|last=Chester|first=Brandon|website=[[Anandtech]]|publisher=Purch Inc.|date=April 29, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/05/01/everything-you-need-to-know-about-porting-android-and-ios-apps-to-windows-10/|title=Everything you need to know about porting Android and iOS apps to Windows 10|last=Protalinski|first=Emil|website=[[VentureBeat]]|date=May 1, 2015|access-date=October 9, 2015}}</ref> On November 18, 2015, [[Visual Studio Code]] was released under the proprietary Microsoft License and a subset of its source code was posted to [[GitHub]] under the [[Expat License|MIT License]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Visual Studio now supports debugging Linux apps; Code editor now open source|url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/11/visual-studio-now-supports-debugging-linux-apps-code-editor-now-open-source/|access-date=18 November 2015|work=Ars Technica}}</ref>

[[File:Number of open source contributors by company.png|thumb|The ten organizations with the most open-source contributors on GitHub in 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://octoverse.github.com/|title=The state of the Octoverse 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170405182156/https://octoverse.github.com/|archive-date=April 5, 2017}}</ref>]]

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In August 2022, Microsoft open sourced more than 1,500 of its 3D [[emoji]] to let creators remix and customize them. The library is available on [[Figma (software)|Figma]] and GitHub.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/8/10/23299527/microsoft-emoji-open-source-creators|title=Microsoft open sources its 3D emoji to let creators remix and customize them|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=10 August 2022|website=[[The Verge]]|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref>

On May 18, 2025, Microsoft released [[Microsoft Edit]], an open-source recreation of the [[MS-DOS Editor]] written in the [[Rust (programming language)|Rust programming language]] for modern versions of Windows.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/news/669318/microsoft-edit-on-windows-command-line-text-editor|title=Microsoft’s Edit on Windows is a new command-line text editor|work=[[The Verge]]|date=19 May 2025|access-date=21 May 2025|author-last=Warren|author-first=Tom}}</ref>

== Support of open source organizations ==

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* CodePlex Foundation, later known as [[Outercurve Foundation]]<ref name="boxofcables.dev" />

* [[Confidential Computing Consortium]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://confidentialcomputing.io/members/|title=Members}}</ref>

* [[eBPF Foundation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ebpf.io/members/|title=eBPF Members}}</ref>

* [[Eclipse Adoptium Working Group]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/openjdk|title=Microsoft Build of OpenJDK|website=[[Microsoft]]}}</ref>

* [[Eclipse Foundation]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eclipse.org/membership/exploreMembership.php#tab-contributing|title=Explore Our Members &#124; The Eclipse Foundation|first=Christopher|last=Guindon|website=www.eclipse.org}}</ref>

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* [[AirSim]] – Simulator for drones, cars and other objects, built as a platform for [[AI]] research

* [[Allegiance (video game)|''Allegiance'']] – [[Multiplayer video game|Multiplayer]] [[online game]] providing a mix of [[real-time strategy]] and player piloted [[Space combat simulator|space combat]] gameplay

* [[ASP.NET]] – It is a web application framework developed for building dynamic web applications and services.

* [[ASP.NET]]

* [[ASP.NET AJAX]] – It is a set of extensions for ASP.NET that enables developers to create asynchronous, interactive web applications.

* [[ASP.NET AJAX]]

* [[ASP.NET Core]] – It is an open-source, cross-platform framework developed for building modern web applications and services.

* [[ASP.NET Core]]

* [[ASP.NET MVC]] – It is a web application framework which follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern.

* [[ASP.NET MVC]]

* [[ASP.NET Razor]] – It is a markup syntax used in ASP.NET for creating web pages.

* [[ASP.NET Web Forms|ASP.NET Web Forms –]] It is a web application framework that allows developers to build dynamic websites by utilizing a component-based approach.

* [[ASP.NET Web Forms]]

[[File:Atom screenshot v1.41.0.png|thumb|[[Atom (text editor)|Atom]] [[text editor|text]] and [[source code editor]] with an open project on [[Windows 10]]]]

* [[Atom (text editor)|Atom]] – [[text editor|Text]] and [[source code editor]] for [[macOS]], [[Linux]], and [[Microsoft Windows]]

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* [[GW-BASIC]] – Dialect of the [[BASIC]] [[programming language]]

* [[Microsoft C++ Standard Library]] – Implementation of the [[C++ Standard Library]] (also known as the STL)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/open-sourcing-msvcs-stl/|title=Open Sourcing MSVC's STL|date=September 16, 2019|website=C++ Team Blog}}</ref>

* [[Microsoft Edit]] – [[Text-based user interface|TUI]] [[text editor]]

[[File:Monodevelop5.4.png|thumb|[[MonoDevelop]] [[integrated development environment|IDE]] for [[Linux]], [[macOS]], and [[Windows]]]]

* [[Mixed Reality Toolkit]] – Software development kit (SDK) for the development of [[mixed reality]] (MR) and [[augmented reality]] (AR) software applications

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* [[Windows Package Manager]] – [[Package manager]] for Windows 10

* [[Windows Presentation Foundation]] – Graphical subsystem (similar to [[WinForms]]) for rendering [[user interface]]s in Windows-based applications

* [[Windows Subsystem for Linux]] – Windows component that allows a GNU/Linux environment to be used from within Windows.

* [[Windows Template Library]] – [[Object-oriented programming|Object-oriented]] [[C++]] template [[Library (computing)|library]] for [[Win32]] development

* [[Windows UI Library]] – Set of [[UI control]]s and features for the [[Universal Windows Platform]] (UWP)