Labialization: Difference between revisions

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{{about|labial rounding|internal rounding|sulcalization}}

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Labialized (spread lips)

| ipa symbol = ◌ᵝ

}}

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Labial(-velar)ized with protrusion (rounded lips)

| ipa symbol = ◌ʷ

}}

{{Sound change}}

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'''Labialization''' is a [[Secondary articulation|secondary articulatory]] feature of sounds in some languages. Labialized sounds involve the lips while the remainder of the [[Human mouth|oral cavity]] produces another sound. The term is normally restricted to [[consonant]]s. When vowels involve the lips, they are called [[roundedness|rounded]].

The most common labialized consonants are [[Labialized velar consonant|labialized velars]]. Most other labialized sounds also have simultaneous [[velarization]], and the process may then be more precisely called '''labio-velarization'''. The "labialization" of bilabial consonants often refers to '''protrusion''' instead of a secondary articulatory feature [[velarization]]. {{IPA|[pʷ]}} doesn't mean {{IPA|[pˠ]}} although {{IPA|[w]}} refers to a [[labial–velar approximant]].

In [[phonology]], labialization may also refer to a type of [[Assimilation (linguistics)|assimilation]] process.

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==Types==

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Open-labialized

| ipa symbol = ◌ꟹ

| ipa number =

| decimal1 =

}}

{{Infobox IPA

| above = Labiodentalization

| ipa symbol = ◌ᶹ

| ipa number =

| decimal1 =

}}

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* Labiodental frication, found in [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]<ref name="ARA">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ApzO7A7-xcUC&q=abkhaz+labialized|title = Annual Review of Anthropology|year = 1977|isbn = 9780824319069| last1=Siegel | first1=Bernard J. | publisher=Annual Reviews Incorporated }}</ref>

* Labiodentalization is a common idiosyncrasy of English {{IPA|/s/}} and {{IPA|/z/}}, and especially of {{IPA|/r/}}.<ref>John Laver [1994: 321] ''Principles of Phonetics''</ref>

* Complete bilabial closure, {{IPA|[d͡b, t͡p, t͡pʼ]}}, found in Abkhaz and [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]]<ref name="ARA" />

* "Labialization" ({{IPA|/w/}}, {{IPA|/ɡʷ/}}, and {{IPA|/kʷ/}}) without noticeable rounding (protrusion) of the lips, found in the [[Iroquoian languages]]{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}. It may be that they are [[roundedness|compressed]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}}

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| protruded [[voiceless bilabial stop]]

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg|[pʷ]|help=no}}</big>

| Chaha, [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]], Paha

|-

| protruded [[voiced bilabial stop]]

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiced bilabial plosive.ogg|[bʷ]|help=no}}</big>

| Chaha, [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]], Paha, [[Mayo language|Mayo]], [[Yaqui language|Yaqui]]

|-

| lab^zd [[voiceless alveolar stop]]

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| lab^zd [[voiceless velar stop]]

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiceless velar plosive.ogg|[kʷ]|help=no}}</big>

| [[Abaza language|Abaza]], [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]], [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]], [[Halkomelem]], [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]], Taos, Chipewyan, Hadza, Gwichʼin, Tlingit, [[Akan language|Akan]], Nez Perce, Archi, [[Cantonese]], Wariʼ, [[Chaha language|Chaha]], [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Igala language|Igala]], [[Igbo language|Igbo]], Lao, [[Latin phonology|Latin]], [[Nahuatl]], [[Nawat language|Nawat]], [[Okinawan language|Okinawan]], [[Ossetian language|Ossetic]], Paha, [[Portuguese phonology|Portuguese]], [[Thai language|Thai]], [[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]], [[Hiw language|Hiw]], Ubykh, [[Slavey language|Bearlake Slavey]], [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Gothic language|Gothic]]

|-

| lab^zd [[voiced velar stop]]

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiced velar plosive.ogg|[ɡʷ]|help=no}}</big>

| [[Abaza language|Abaza]], [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]], Adyghe, Akan, Archi, Chaha, Dahalo, Hausa, Okinawan, Oowekyala, Ossetic, Hadza, [[Ibaloi language|Ibaloi]], Igala, Igbo, Gwichʼin, Kabardian, Paha, Portuguese, Tigrinya, Ubykh, [[Breton language|Breton]], [[Yoruba language|Yoruba]], [[Gothic language|Gothic]]

|-

| lab^zd [[voiceless uvular stop]]

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|-

| protruded [[Prenasalized consonant|prenasalized]] [[voiced labial–velar stop]]

| <big>{{IPA|[ᵑɡ͡bʷᵑᵐɡ͡bʷ]}}</big>

| [[Volow language|Volow]]

|-

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| protruded [[voiceless bilabial fricative]]

| <big>{{IPA|[ɸʷ]}}</big>

| Okinawan, [[Taruma language|Taruma]]

|

|-

| protruded [[voiced bilabial fricative]]

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| [[Tamambo language|Tamambo]]

|-

| lab^zd [[voiceless labiodental fricative]]{{Explain|date=December 2023}}

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiceless dental fricative.ogg|[fʷ]|help=no}}</big>

| Hadza, Chaha

|-

| lab^zd [[voiced labiodental fricative]]{{Explain|date=December 2023}}

| <big>{{audio-IPA|Labialized voiced dental fricative.ogg|[vʷ]|help=no}}</big>

|

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| [[Voiceless labio-velar approximant]]

| <big>{{IPA|[ʍ]}}</big>

| certain dialects of English, [[Gothic language|Gothic]]

|-

| [[nasal labialized velar approximant]]