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For [[shared-memory]] computers, managing write conflicts greatly slows down the speed of individual execution of each computing unit. However, they can work perfectly well in parallel. Conversely, in the case of message exchange, each of the processors can work at full speed. On the other hand, when it comes to collective message exchange, all processors are forced to wait for the slowest processors to start the communication phase.
In reality, few systems fall into exactly one of the categories. In general, the processors each have an internal memory to store the data needed for the next calculations and are organized in successive [[Computer cluster|clusters]]. Often, these processing elements are then coordinated through [[distributed memory]] and [[message passing]]. Therefore, the load balancing algorithm should be uniquely adapted to a parallel architecture. Otherwise, there is a risk that the efficiency of parallel [[problem solving]] will be greatly reduced.
====Hierarchy====
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===Fault tolerance===
Especially in large-scale [[computing cluster]]s, it is not tolerable to execute a [[parallel algorithm]] that cannot withstand the failure of one single component. Therefore, [[fault tolerant]] algorithms are being developed which can detect outages of processors and recover the computation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Punetha Sarmila |first1=G. |last2=Gnanambigai |first2=N. |last3=Dinadayalan |first3=P. |title=2015 2nd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Systems (ICECS) |chapter=Survey on fault tolerant — Load balancing algorithmsin cloud computing |date=2015 |pages=1715–1720 |doi=10.1109/ECS.2015.7124879 |isbn=978-1-4799-7225-8 |s2cid=30175022 }}</ref>
==Approaches==
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:www.example.org NS two.example.org
However, the [[zone file]] for {{mono|www.example.org}} on each server is different such that each server resolves its own IP Address as the A-record.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zytrax.com/books/dns/ch8/a.html|title=Chapter 8 - IPv4 Address (A) Record|website=www.zytrax.com}}</ref> On server ''one'' the zone file for {{mono|www.example.org}} reports:
:@ in a 192.0.2.1
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==See also==
* [[Affinity mask]]
* [[Application delivery controller]]
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* [[InterPlanetary File System]]
* [[Network load balancing]]
* [[Optimal job scheduling]] - the computational problem of finding an optimally-balanced schedule.
* [[SRV record]]
==References==
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