Network File System: Difference between revisions

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{{IPstack}}

'''Network File System''' ('''NFS''') is a [[distributed file system]] protocol originally developed by [[Sun Microsystems]] (Sun) in 1984,<ref name="sun85">{{cite CiteSeerXconference |url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs6411/2018sp/papers/nfs.pdf|title=Design and Implementation of the Sun Network Filesystem |yeardate=June 11–14, 1985 |author1=Russel Sandberg |author2=David Goldberg |author3=Steve Kleiman |author4=Dan Walsh |author5=Bob Lyon |___location=Portland, Oregon USA|conference=Usenix Association Summer Conference|citeseerx = 10.1.1.14.473}}</ref> allowing a user on a client [[computer]] to access files over a [[computer network]] much like local storage is accessed. NFS, like many other protocols, builds on the [[Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call]] (ONC RPC) system. NFS is an open [[IETF]] standard. After the first experimental version developed in house at Sun Microsystems, all subsequent versions of the protocol are defined in a series of [[Request for Comments]] (RFC)i.e. RFCs, allowing anyone to implement the protocol.

== Versions and variations ==

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===NFSv2===

{{Expand section|date=December 2009}}

Version&nbsp;2 of the protocol (defined in RFC{{IETF RFC|1094|link=no}}, March 1989) originally operated only over [[User Datagram Protocol]] (UDP). Its designers meant to keep the server side [[Stateless server|stateless]], with [[lock (computer science)|locking]] (for example) implemented outside of the core protocol. People involved in the creation of NFS version&nbsp;2 include [[Russel Sandberg]], [[Bob Lyon (engineer)|Bob Lyon]], [[Bill Joy]], [[Steve Kleiman]], and others.<ref name="sun85" /><ref name="Rusty">{{Cite journal |title= The Sun Network Filesystem: Design, Implementation and Experience |journal= Technical Report |author= Russel Sandberg |publisher= Sun Microsystems |url= http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/faculty/tkosar/cse710_spring13/papers/nfs.pdf |archive-date= 2013-11-26 |access-date= 2013-08-04 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131126095851/http://www.cse.buffalo.edu/faculty/tkosar/cse710_spring13/papers/nfs.pdf |url-status= live }}</ref>

The [[Virtual File System]] interface allows a modular implementation, reflected in a simple protocol. By February 1986, implementations were demonstrated for operating systems such as [[System V]] release&nbsp;2, [[DOS]], and VAX/VMS using [[Eunice (software)|Eunice]].<ref name="Rusty" />

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===NFSv3===

Version&nbsp;3 (RFC{{IETF RFC|1813|link=no}}, June 1995) added:

* support for 64-bit file sizes and offsets, to handle files larger than 2&nbsp;gigabytes (GB);

* support for asynchronous writes on the server, to improve write performance;

* additional file attributes in many replies, to avoid the need to re-fetch them;

* a READDIRPLUS operation, to get file handles<ref>{{cite book|last1=Arpaci-Dusseau|first1=Remzi|last2=Arpaci-Dusseau|first2=Andrea|title=Operating Systems: Three Easy Pieces|date=March 2015|publisher=Arpaci-Dusseau Books|edition=.9|page=5|url=http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/dist-nfs.pdf|access-date=8 November 2017|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403140732/http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/dist-nfs.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and attributes along with file names when scanning a directory;

* assorted other improvements.

The first NFS Version&nbsp;3 proposal within Sun Microsystems was created not long after the release of NFS Version&nbsp;2. The principal motivation was an attempt to mitigate the performance issue of the synchronous write operation in NFS Version&nbsp;2.<ref name="usenix94">{{cite web |url= https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/bos94/full_papers/pawlowski.ps |title=NFS Version&nbsp;3 Design and Implementation |year=1994 |publisher=[[USENIX]] |author1=Brian Pawlowski |author2=Chet Juszczak |author3=Peter Staubach |author4=Carl Smith |author5=Diane Lebel |author6=David Hitz |access-date=2015-11-23 |archive-date=2015-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124182558/https://www.usenix.org/legacy/publications/library/proceedings/bos94/full_papers/pawlowski.ps |url-status=live }}</ref> By July 1992, implementation practice had solved many shortcomings of NFS Version&nbsp;2, leaving only lack of large file support (64-bit file sizes and offsets) a pressing issue. This became an acute pain point for [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] with the introduction of a 64-bit version of [[Ultrix]] to support their newly released 64-bit [[Reduced instruction set computing|RISC]] processor, the [[Alpha 21064]]. At the time of introduction of Version&nbsp;3, vendor support for [[Transmission Control Protocol|TCP]] as a [[transport layer|transport-layer]] protocol began increasing. While several vendors had already added support for NFS Version&nbsp;2 with TCP as a transport, Sun Microsystems added support for TCP as a transport for NFS at the same time it added support for Version&nbsp;3. Using TCP as a transport made using NFS over a [[Wide area network|WAN]] more feasible, and allowed the use of larger read and write transfer sizes beyond the 8&nbsp;KB limit imposed by [[User Datagram Protocol]].

====YANFS/WebNFS====

{{anchor|WebNFS|reason=Old section name; could have incoming links, though they should probably go to the main article.}}

{{Main|WebNFS}}

YANFS (Yet Another NFS), formerly [[WebNFS]], wasis an extension to NFSv2 and NFSv3 allowing it to function behind restrictive firewalls without the complexity of Portmap and MOUNT protocols. YANFS/WebNFS hadhas a fixed [[List of TCP and UDP port numbers|TCP/UDP port number]] (2049), and instead of requiring the client to contact the MOUNT RPC service to determine the initial filehandle of every filesystem, it introduced the concept of a ''public filehandle'' (null for NFSv2, zero-length for NFSv3) which could be used as the starting point. Both of those changes havewere later been incorporated into NFSv4. YANFS's post-WebNFS development has also included server-side integration.

===NFSv4===

Version&nbsp;4 (RFC{{IETF RFC|3010|link=no}}, December 2000; revised in RFC{{IETF RFC|3530|link=no}}, April 2003 and again in RFC{{IETF RFC|7530|link=no}}, March 2015), influenced by [[Andrew File System]] (AFS) and [[Server Message Block]] (SMB, also termed CIFS), includes performance improvements, mandates strong security, and introduces a [[State (computer science)|stateful]] protocol.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix05/tech/italks.html#nFSv4|title=NFS Version 4|date=2005-04-14|publisher=[[USENIX]]|access-date=2008-12-19|archive-date=2011-07-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728150342/http://www.usenix.org/events/usenix05/tech/italks.html#nFSv4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="sane2000">{{cite web |url= http://www.sane.nl/events/sane2000/papers/pawlowski.pdf |title=The NFS Version&nbsp;4 Protocol |year=2000 |publisher=[[System Administration and Network Engineering|SANE]] |author1=Brian Pawlowski |author2=Spencer Shepler |author3=Carl Beame |author4=Brent Callaghan |author5=Michael Eisler |author6=David Noveck |author7=David Robinson |author8=Robert Thurlow }}</ref> Version 4 became the first version developed with the [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) after [[Sun Microsystems]] handed over the development of the NFS protocols.

NFS version&nbsp;4.1 (RFC{{IETF RFC|5661|link=no}}, January 2010; revised in RFC{{IETF RFC|8881|link=no}}, August 2020) aims to provide protocol support to take advantage of clustered server deployments including the ability to provide scalable parallel access to files distributed among multiple servers (pNFS extension). Version&nbsp;4.1 includes Session trunking mechanism (Also known as NFS Multipathing) and is available in some enterprise solutions as [[VMware ESXi]].

NFS version&nbsp;4.2 ({{IETF RFC|7862|link=no}}</ref>) was published in November 2016 with new features including: server-side clone and copy, application I/O advise, sparse files, space reservation, application data block (ADB), labeled NFS with sec_label that accommodates any MAC security system, and two new operations for pNFS (LAYOUTERROR and LAYOUTSTATS).

NFS version&nbsp;4.2 (RFC 7862) was published in November 2016<ref>{{cite ietf

| url = https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7862

| title = NFS Version 4 Minor Version 2

| first = Thomas | last = Haynes

| date = 2016-11-01

| doi = 10.17487/RFC7862

| doi-access = free

}}</ref> with new features including: server-side clone and copy, application I/O advise, sparse files, space reservation, application data block (ADB), labeled NFS with sec_label that accommodates any MAC security system, and two new operations for pNFS (LAYOUTERROR and LAYOUTSTATS).

One big advantage of NFSv4 over its predecessors is that only one UDP or TCP port, 2049, is used to run the service, which simplifies using the protocol across firewalls.<ref>{{cite tech report|url=https://www.netapp.com/media/10720-tr-4067.pdf|title=NFS in NetApp ONTAP, Best practice and implementation guide|author1=Justin Parisi|author2= Elliott Ecton|date=June 2023|publisher=NetApp}}</ref>

===Other extensions===

[[WebNFS]], an extension to Version&nbsp;2 and Version&nbsp;3, allows NFS to integrate more easily into Web-browsers and to enable operation through firewalls. In 2007 Sun Microsystems open-sourced their client-side WebNFS implementation.<ref>[{{cite web|url=https://yanfsgithub.dev.java.netcom/raisercostin/ yanfs.dev.java.net]{{dead link|datetitle=February 2018 yanfs|botwebsite=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes Github.com}}</ref>

Various side-band protocols have become associated with NFS. Note:

* the byte-range advisory Network Lock Manager (NLM) protocol (added to support [[UNIX System V]] [[file locking]] APIs)

* the remote quota-reporting (RQUOTAD) protocol, which allows NFS users to view their data-storage quotas on NFS servers

* [[NFS over RDMA]], an adaptation of NFS that uses [[remote direct memory access]] (RDMA) as a transport<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.connectathon.org/talks06/talpey-cthon06-nfs-rdma.pdf|title= NFS/RDMA Implementation(s) Update|author= Tom Talpey|publisher= Network Appliance, Inc.|date= February 28, 2006|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110512180716/http://www.connectathon.org/talks06/talpey-cthon06-nfs-rdma.pdf|archive-date= May 12, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.usenix.org/events/fast02/wips/callaghan.pdf|title= NFS over RDMA|author= Brent Callaghan|publisher= Sun Microsystems|date= January 28, 2002|access-date= September 6, 2010|archive-date= May 12, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110512180713/http://www.usenix.org/events/fast02/wips/callaghan.pdf|url-status= live}}</ref>

* NFS-Ganesha, an NFS server, running in user-space and supporting various file systems like [[GPFS|GPFS/Spectrum Scale]], CephFS via respective FSAL (File System Abstraction Layer) modules. The [[Ceph (software)|CephFS]] FSAL is supported using libcephfs<ref>

{{cite book

| last1 = Singh

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</ref>

*Trusted NFS (TNFS)<ref>{{cite newsjournal|url=https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-tnfs-spec-01.html|title=A Specification of Trusted NFS (TNFS) Protocol Extensions|first=Fred|last=Glover <[e-mail]>|newspaperdate=Ietf28 DatatrackerMay 1994|website=datatracker.ietf.org}}</ref>

== Platforms ==

NFS is available on:

NFS is often used with [[Unix]] operating systems (such as [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[AIX]], [[HP-UX]]), Apple's [[macOS]], and [[Unix-like]] operating systems (such as [[Linux]] and [[FreeBSD]]). It is also available to operating systems such as Acorn [[RISC OS]],<ref name="Sunfish/Moonfish by Alex Waugh">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp15.org/networking/|title = Networking related programs}}</ref> [[AmigaOS]], the [[classic Mac OS]], [[OpenVMS]],<ref name="NFSforVMS">{{cite web|title=HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management|url=http://h41379.www4.hpe.com/doc/83final/6526/6526pro_052.html|website=h41379.www4.hpe.com|publisher=HP|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> [[MS-DOS]],<ref name="PCNFS">{{cite web|title=Other Software by SUN Microsystems|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/12549/PC-NFS%20version%205.0/|website=www.computinghistory.org.uk|publisher=The Centre for Computing History|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> [[Microsoft Windows]],<ref name="SFU">{{cite web|title=Introduction to Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX 3.5|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb463212.aspx|website=technet.microsoft.com|date=5 December 2007 |publisher=Microsoft|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> [[OS/2]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecsoft2.org/network-file-system-nfs-plugin-netdrive|access-date=2020-09-22|website=ecsoft2.org|title=NTFS plugin for NetDrive}}</ref> [[ArcaOS]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcanoae.com/shop/netdrive-for-os2/|title=NetDrive for OS/2|access-date=2020-09-22|website=arcanoae.com}}</ref> [[Novell NetWare]],<ref name="NFSforNetWare">{{cite web|title=NFS Gateway for NetWare 6.5|url=https://www.novell.com/products/openenterpriseserver/features/nfs-gateway-for-netware65.html|website=www.novell.com|publisher=Novell|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> and [[IBM i]].<ref name="OS/400-NFS">{{cite web|title=OS/400 Network File System Support|url=http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/html/as400/v5r1/ic2911/books/c4157141.pdf|website=publib.boulder.ibm.com|publisher=IBM|access-date=24 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alternative remote file access protocols include the [[Server Message Block]] (SMB, also termed CIFS), [[Apple Filing Protocol]] (AFP), [[NetWare Core Protocol]] (NCP), and OS/400 File Server file system (QFileSvr.400).

* [[Unix-like]] operating systems ([[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[AIX]], [[HP-UX]], [[FreeBSD]], and [[Linux distros]])

SMB and [[NetWare Core Protocol]] (NCP) occur more often than NFS on systems running Microsoft Windows; AFP occurs more often than NFS in Apple [[Macintosh]] systems; and QFileSvr.400 occurs more often in IBM i systems. [[Haiku (operating system)|Haiku]] in 2012 added NFSv4 support as part of a Google Summer of Code project.

* [[AmigaOS]]

* [[ArcaOS]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.arcanoae.com/shop/netdrive-for-os2/|title=NetDrive for OS/2|access-date=2020-09-22|website=arcanoae.com|archive-date=2015-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151103233414/https://www.arcanoae.com/shop/netdrive-for-os2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[Haiku (operating system)|Haiku]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.haiku-os.org/blog/pawe%C5%82_dziepak/2013-03-15_nfsv4_client_finally_merged/ |first=Paweł |last=Dziepak |title=NFSv4 client finally merged |website=Paweł Dziepak's blog |publisher=Haiku, Inc |date=2013-03-15}}</ref>

* [[IBM i]],<ref name="OS/400-NFS">{{cite web|title=OS/400 Network File System Support|url=https://public.dhe.ibm.com/systems/power/docs/systemi/v5r4/en_US/sc415714.pdf|publisher=IBM|access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref> although the default networking protocol is OS/400 File Server (QFileSvr.400)

* [[macOS]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Servers and shared computers you can connect to on Mac|url=https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/servers-shared-computers-connect-mac-mchlp3015/15.0/mac/15.0|website=Apple Support|access-date=7 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref> although the default networking protocol is [[Server Message Block]] (SMB)<ref>{{cite web |title=Set up file sharing on Mac |url=https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/set-up-file-sharing-on-mac-mh17131/15.0/mac/15.0 |website=Apple Support |access-date=7 August 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

* [[Microsoft Windows]],<ref name="SFU">{{cite web|title=Introduction to Microsoft Windows Services for UNIX 3.5|url=https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb463212.aspx|website=technet.microsoft.com|date=5 December 2007|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=24 September 2016|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618045332/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb463212.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> although the default networking protocol is [[Server Message Block]] (SMB)

* [[MS-DOS]]<ref name="PCNFS">{{cite web|title=Other Software by SUN Microsystems|url=http://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/12549/PC-NFS%20version%205.0/|website=www.computinghistory.org.uk|publisher=The Centre for Computing History|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref>

* [[Novell NetWare]],<ref name="NFSforNetWare">{{cite web|title=NFS Gateway for NetWare 6.5|url=https://www.novell.com/products/openenterpriseserver/features/nfs-gateway-for-netware65.html|website=www.novell.com|publisher=Novell|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> although the default networking protocol is [[NetWare Core Protocol]] (NCP)

* [[OpenVMS]]<ref name="NFSforVMS">{{cite web|title=HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management|url=http://h41379.www4.hpe.com/doc/83final/6526/6526pro_052.html|website=h41379.www4.hpe.com|publisher=HP|access-date=24 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924192510/http://h41379.www4.hpe.com/doc/83final/6526/6526pro_052.html|archive-date=2016-09-24}}</ref>

* [[OS/2]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ecsoft2.org/network-file-system-nfs-plugin-netdrive|access-date=2020-09-22|website=ecsoft2.org|title=NTFS plugin for NetDrive|archive-date=2016-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222155213/https://ecsoft2.org/network-file-system-nfs-plugin-netdrive|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[RISC OS]]<ref name="Sunfish/Moonfish by Alex Waugh">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cp15.org/networking/|title = Networking related programs|website=cp15.org}}</ref>

[[File:NfsPerformanceGraph.png|thumb|600px|center|NFS SPECsfs2008 performance comparison, as of 22 November 2013]]

=== Typical implementation ===

{{unreferenced section|date=February 2010}}

Assuming a Unix-style scenario in which one machine (the [[Client (computing)|client]]) needs access to data stored on another machine (the NFS [[Server (computing)|server]]):

# The server implements NFS [[Daemon (computer software)|daemon]] processes, running by default as <code>nfsd</code>, to make its data generically available to clients.

# The server administrator determines what to make available, exporting the names and parameters of [[Directory (file systems)|directories]], typically using the <code>/etc/exports</code> configuration file and the <code>exportfs</code> command.

# The server [[network security|security]]-administration ensures that it can recognize and approve validated clients.

# The server network configuration ensures that appropriate clients can negotiate with it through any [[Firewall (networking)|firewall]] system.

# The client machine requests access to exported data, typically by issuing a <code>mount</code> command. (The client asks the server (rpcbind) which port the NFS server is using, the client connects to the NFS server (nfsd), nfsd passes the request to mountd)

# If all goes well, users on the client machine can then view and interact with mounted [[filesystem]]s on the server within the parameters permitted.

Note that automation of the NFS mounting process may take place — perhaps using <code>/etc/fstab</code> and/or [[Berkeley Automounter|automounting]] facilities.

== Protocol development ==

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=== {{anchor|PNFS}}2000s ===

By the 21st century, neither DFS nor AFS had achieved any major commercial success as compared to SMB-CIFS or NFS. IBM, which had formerly acquired the primary commercial vendor of DFS and AFS, [[Transarc]], donated most of the AFS source code to the [[free software community]] in 2000. The [[OpenAFS]] project lives on. In early 2005, IBM announced end of sales for AFS and DFS.

In January, 2010, [[Panasas]] proposed an NFSv4.1 based on their ''Parallel NFS'' (pNFS) technology claiming to improve data-access parallelism<ref>{{Cite web |title= pNFS |publisher= [[Panasas]] |url= http://www.pnfs.com/ |access-date= August 4, 2013 |archive-date= August 7, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130807180615/http://www.pnfs.com/ |url-status= live }}</ref> capability. The NFSv4.1 protocol defines a method of separating the [[metadata#File system metadata|filesystem meta-data]] from file data ___location; it goes beyond the simple name/data separation by striping the data amongst a set of data servers. This differs from the traditional NFS server which holds the names of files and their data under the single umbrella of the server. Some products are multi-node NFS servers, but the participation of the client in separation of meta-data and data is limited.

The NFSv4.1 pNFS server is a set of server resources or components; these are assumed to be controlled by the meta-data server.

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== See also ==

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

* [[9P (protocol)]]

* [[9P (protocol)]] – Plan 9 Filesystem Protocol

* [[Alluxio]]

* [[Andrew File SystemBeeGFS]]

* [[BeeGFS]], the parallel file system

* [[CacheFS]] – a caching mechanism for Linux NFS clients

* [[Hadoop Distributed File System]] ([[HDFS]])

* [[Kerberos (protocol)]]

* [[Network Information Service]]

* [[Remote File System]]

* [[Root squash]]

* [[SambaSecure (software)Shell Filesystem]]

* [[Secure Shell Filesystem]] – mount a remote directory using only a ssh login on the remote computer

* [[Server Message Block]]

* [[Shared resource]]

* [[TCP Wrapper]]{{Div col end}}

{{Div col end}}

==References==

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{{colbegin}}

* [[Request for Comments|RFCs]]:

** {{IETF RFC|56611094|link=no}} – Network File System (NFS) Version 42 MinorProtocol Version 1 ProtocolSpecification

** {{IETF RFC|1790|link=no}} – Sun/ISOC ONC RPC Change Control Agreement

** {{IETF RFC|1813|link=no}} – NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification

** {{IETF RFC|2054|link=no}} – WebNFS Client Specification

** {{IETF RFC|22032055|link=no}} – RPCSEC_GSSWebNFS Server Specification

** {{IETF RFC|10942203|link=no}} – NFS Version 2 ProtocolRPCSEC_GSS Specification

** {{IETF RFC|23392224|link=no}} – Sun/ISOC NFS ChangeURL ControlScheme AgreementSpecification

** {{IETF RFC|2339|link=no}} – Sun/ISOC NFS Change Control Agreement

** {{IETF RFC|3010|link=no}} – NFS Version 4 Protocol Specification (obsoleted by RFC 3530)

** {{IETF RFC|3530|link=no}} – NFS Version 4 Protocol Specification (obsoleted by RFC 7530 and RFC 7531)

** {{IETF RFC|5403|link=no}} – RPCSEC_GSS Version 2

** {{IETF RFC|5661|link=no}} – NFS Version 4.1 Protocol Specification (obsoleted by RFC 8881)

** {{IETF RFC|5662|link=no}} – NFS Version 4.1 Protocol XDR Description

** {{IETF RFC|5663|link=no}} – Parallel NFS - Block/Volume Layout Specification

** {{IETF RFC|5664|link=no}} – Parallel NFS - Object-Based Operations Specification

** {{IETF RFC|7530|link=no}} – NFS Version 4 Protocol Specification

** {{IETF RFC|7531|link=no}} – NFS Version 4 Protocol XDR Description

** {{IETF RFC|7862|link=no}} – NFS Version 4.2 Protocol Specification

** {{IETF RFC|7863|link=no}} – NFS Version 4.2 Protocol XDR Description

** {{IETF RFC|8154|link=no}} – Parallel NFS - SCSI Layout Specification

** {{IETF RFC|8275|link=no}} – Umask attribute extension for NFS Version 4.2

** {{IETF RFC|8276|link=no}} – Xattrs extension for NFSv4

** {{IETF RFC|8434|link=no}} – Parallel NFS - Flexible File Layout Specification

** {{IETF RFC|8881|link=no}} – NFS Version 4.1 Protocol Specification

* Open Group Technical Standards:

** {{IETF RFC|2054|link=no}} – WebNFS Specification

** [https://archive.opengroup.org/publications/archive/CDROM/c702.pdf Protocols for Interworking: XNFS, Version 3W] – Open Group specification of NFS2, NFS3 and side-band protocols MNT, NSM and NLM for file locking which are not covered by RFC documents

** {{IETF RFC|2339|link=no}} – Sun/ISOC NFS Change Control Agreement

** [https://archive.opengroup.org/publications/archive/CDROM/d030.pdf Protocols for X/Open PC Interworking: (PC)NFS] – Open Group specification of NFS2 and side-band protocols MNT, NLM and PCNFSD which are not covered by RFC documents

** {{IETF RFC|2203|link=no}} – RPCSEC_GSS Specification

** {{IETF RFC|1813|link=no}} – NFS Version 3 Protocol Specification

** {{IETF RFC|1790|link=no}} – Sun/ISOC ONC RPC Change Control Agreement

** {{IETF RFC|1094|link=no}} – NFS Version 2 Protocol Specification

* Various resources:

** [https://web.archive.org/web/20080216083308/http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/nfsv4-charter.html IETF: Network File System Version 4 (nfsv4) Charter]

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[[Category:Distributed file systems]]

[[Category:Network booting]]

[[Category:1984 software]]