Basel Program: Difference between revisions

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[[Image:The "Basel Program" at the First Zionist Congress in 1897.jpg|thumb|200px|The "Basel Program."]]

{{Short description|Ideological platform of the Zionist movement}}

The '''Basel Program''' was the first [[manifesto]] of the [[Zionism|Zionist movement]], drafted between 27-30 August 1897 and adopted unanimously at the [[First Zionist Congress]] in [[Basel|Basel (Basle)]], [[Switzerland]] on 30 August 1897.

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}

[[Image:The "Basel Program" at the First Zionist Congress in 1897.jpg|thumb|200px|The original "Basel Program", as agreed at the conference. The indicated amendment changes "by law" to "by public law".]]

The '''Basel Program''' was the first [[manifesto]] of the [[Zionism|Zionist movement]], drafted between 27- and 30 August 1897 and adopted unanimously at the [[First Zionist Congress]] in [[Basel|Basel (Basle)]], [[Switzerland]], on 30 August 1897.

==Drafting committee==

It was drafted by a committee originally elected on Sunday 29 August 1897{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=73}} comprising [[Max Nordau]] (heading the committee),<ref name="Epstein2016"/> [[Nathan Birnbaum]], [[Alexander Mintz]], [[Siegmund Rosenberg]], [[:de: Saul Raphael Landau |Saul Rafael Landau]],<ref name="Epstein2016">{{citation|last=Epstein|first=Lawrence J.|title=The Dream of Zion: The Story of the First Zionist Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLxnCgAAQBAJ|date=14 January 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5467-1}}</ref><ref name="EJ2007">{{citation|last1=Skolnik|first1=Fred|last2=Berenbaum|first2=Michael|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKoUAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-865931-2|page=202}}</ref> together with [[Hermann Schapira]] and [[Max Bodenheimer]] who were added to the committee on the basis of them having both drafted previous similar programs.{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=73}}

In 1951, it was replaced by the [[Jerusalem Program]].

==History==

ItThe Basel Program was drafted by a committee originally elected on Sunday 29 August 1897{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=73}} comprising [[Max Nordau]] (heading the committee),<ref name{{sfn|Epstein|2016|p="Epstein2016"/>54,83-87}} [[Nathan Birnbaum]], [[Alexander Mintz]], [[Siegmund Rosenberg]], [[:de: Saul Raphael Landau |Saul Rafael Landau]],<ref name="Epstein2016">{{citationsfn|Bodenheimer|1963|lastp=Epstein102|firstps=Lawrence J"...|title=Thethe Dreamcommission, ofwhose Zion:members Thewere StoryNordau, ofNathan theBirnbaum, FirstSigmund ZionistRosenberg, Congress|url=https://booksDr.google.com/books?id=OLxnCgAAQBAJ|date=14 JanuaryMinz, 2016|publisher=Rowmanand &Saul LittlefieldRafael Landau was formed, and in addition Professor Schapira and I were also included..."}}{{sfn|isbnEpstein|2016|p=97854,83-1-4422-5467-187}}</ref><ref name="EJ2007">{{citation|last1=Skolnik|first1=Fred|last2=Berenbaum|first2=Michael|title=Encyclopaedia Judaica|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKoUAQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|isbn=978-0-02-865931-2|page=202}}</ref> together with [[Hermann Schapira]] and [[Max Bodenheimer]] who were added to the committee on the basis of them having both drafted previous similar programs (including the "Kölner Thesen").{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=73}}

The seven-man committee prepared the Program over three drafting meetings.{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=73}}

==The ProgramGoals==

The program set out the goals of the Zionist movement as follows:{{sfn|Jubilee<ref Publication|1947|pname=74Protocols>[https://sammlungen.ub.uni-76}}frankfurt.de/cm/periodical/titleinfo/3476255 Zionisten-Congress in Basel], Officielles Protocoll, 1898, pp. 114–119.</ref>

{{Cquote|Zionism seeks to establish a home in Palestine for the Jewish people, secured under public law.<ref>"Der Zionismus erstrebt für das jüdische Volk die Schaffung einer öffentlich-rechtlich gesicherten Heimstätte in Palästina." The original proposal had "rechtlich" rather than "öffentlich-rechtlich" but was altered during the Congress.</ref>

{{Cquote|Zionism seeks to secure for the Jewish people a publicly recognized, legally assured homeland in Palestine.

ForTo the attainment ofachieve this purposegoal, the Congress considersenvisages the following means serviceable:

1. The expedient promotion of the settlement of Jewish agriculturists, artisans, and tradesmen in Palestine.

2. The federationorganization and bringing together of all Jews intothrough local orand general groupsevents, according to the laws of the various countries.

3. The strengthening of the Jewish feeling and national consciousness.

4. Preparatory steps for obtaining the attainment of those governmental grantsapproval which areis necessary to the achievement of the Zionist purpose.

}}

The original draft did not include the words "a publicly recognized"; this was the only amendment made during the debate at the Congress, and can be seen in the final version with the word [[wiktionary:öffentlich|öffentlich]] inserted via a [[curly bracket]].{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=74-76}} The amended draft was approved unanimously by the 200-person congress.{{sfn|Jubilee Publication|1947|p=74-76}}

==Bibliography==

* {{cite book|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00072101/00001/70j|title=The Jubilee of the first Zionist Congress, 1897-1947|___location=Jerusalem|publisher=Executive of the Zionist Organisation|date=1947|postscript=Published simultaneously in Hebrew, French, Spanish and Yiddish|pages=108 pages, 2 leaves of plates|ref=harv|author=Jubilee Publication}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==

[[Category:Zionism]]

* {{cite book|url=http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00072101/00001/70j|title=The Jubilee of the first Zionist Congress, 1897-1947|___location=Jerusalem|publisher=Executive of the Zionist Organisation|date=1947|postscript=. Published simultaneously in Hebrew, French, Spanish and Yiddish|pages=108 pages, 2 leaves of plates|ref=harv|author=Jubilee Publication}}

* {{citation|last=Epstein|first=Lawrence J.|title=The Dream of Zion: The Story of the First Zionist Congress|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLxnCgAAQBAJ|date=14 January 2016|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5467-1}}

* {{cite book|first=Max|last=Bodenheimer|author-link=Max Bodenheimer|title=Prelude to Israel: The Memoirs of M. I. Bodenheimer|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015026627060;view=1up;seq=11|year=1963|publisher=T. Yoseloff}}

[[Category:Pre-1948 Zionist documents]]

[[Category:1897 documents]]

[[Category:German-language works]]

[[Category:Jews and Judaism in Basel]]

[[Category:Zionism in Switzerland]]