Parallel and counter parallel: Difference between revisions

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'''Parallel''' and '''counter parallel''' chords are terms derived from the German (''Parallelklang'', ''Gegenparallelklang'') to denote what is more often called in English the "relative", and possibly the "counter relative" chords. In [[Riemannian theory|Hugo Riemann's theory]], and in German theory more generally, these chords share the [[diatonic function|function]] of the chord to which they link: subdominant parallel, dominant parallel, and tonic parallel.<ref name=Harmony>{{cite book |last=Haunschild |first=Frank |year=2000 |title=The New Harmony Book |page=47 |ISBN=978-3-927190-68-9 }}</ref> Riemann defines the relation in terms of the movement of one single note:

{{blockquote|:The substitution of the major sixth for the perfect fifth above in the major triad and below in the minor triad results in the parallel of a given triad. In C&nbsp;major thence arises an apparent A&nbsp;minor triad (Tp, the parallel triad of the tonic, or tonic parallel), D&nbsp;minor triad (Sp), and E&nbsp;minor triad (Dp).|Hugo Riemann|"Dissonance", ''Musik-Lexikon''<ref name=Oxford>{{cite book |editor1-last=Gollin |editor1-first=Edward |editor2-last=Rehding |editor2-first=Alexander |year=2011 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Riemannian Music Theories |page=105 |publisher=Oxford U.P. |ISBN=9780195321333}}</ref>{{efn|

The German text, in the 11th&nbsp;edition of Riemann's ''Musiklexikon''{{rp|style=ama|p=407}} reads:

:

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|-

| {{center|Tp}}

| A&nbsp;minor<ref name=Gjerdingen>{{cite book |last=Gjerdingen |first=Robert O. |year=1990 |title=A Guide to the Terminology of German Harmony |series=Studies in the Origin of Harmonic Tonality |editor-last=Dahlhaus |editor-first=Carl |translator-last=Gjerdingen |year=1990 |page={{mvar|xiii}} |publisher=Princeton University Press |ISBN=0-691-09135-8 }}</ref>

| [[Submediant]]

| {{center|tP}}

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[[Image:Minor tonic, subdominant, dominant, and their parallels.png|550px|Minor T, S, D, and parallel]]

: The [[minorMinor (music)chord|minor]] [[tonic (music)|tonic]], [[subdominant]], [[Dominant (music)|dominant]], and their parallels, created by lowering the fifth (German) / root (English) a whole tone.

The parallel [[chord (music)|chord]] (but ''not'' the [[#Counter parallel|counter parallel]] chord) of a major chord will always be the minor chord whose [[root (chord)|root]] is a [[minor third]] ''down'' from the major chord's root, inversely the parallel chord of a minor chord will be the major chord whose root is a minor third ''up'' from the root of the minor chord. Thus, in a major [[key (music)|key]], where the dominant is a major chord, the dominant parallel will be the minor chord a minor third below the dominant. In a minor key, where the dominant may be a minor chord, the dominant parallel will be the major chord a minor third above the (minor) dominant.

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==External links==

* {{cite web |title=Chord functions |website=NiklasAndreasson.se |url=http://www.niklasandreasson.se/write/chordfunctions.html |url-status=dead <!-- presumed --> |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418074357/http://www.niklasandreasson.se/write/chordfunctions.html |archive-date=2013-04-18 }}

* {{cite report |first=Robert |last=Gjerdingen |year=1990 |section=A guide to the terminology of German harmony |title=Studies on the Origin of Harmonic Tonality |pages={{mvar|xi–xv}} |place=Princeton, NJ |publisher=Princeton Univ. Press |section-url=http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/music/gjerdingen/Papers/PubPapers/GermanHarmony.pdf |archive-date=2011-06-12 |access-date=2017-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612205054/http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/music/gjerdingen/Papers/PubPapers/GermanHarmony.pdf |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |title=Robert Gjerdingen published papers |website=faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu |series=School of Music |publisher=[[Northwestern University]] |url=http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/music/gjerdingen/Papers/PubPapers/index.htm |access-date=2017-02-09 |archive-date=2010-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608115147/http://faculty-web.at.northwestern.edu/music/gjerdingen/Papers/PubPapers/index.htm |url-status=dead }}

{{Chords}}