Complement component 2: Difference between revisions

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{{For the|the aircraft|Grumman C-2 Greyhound}}{{Short description|Protein-coding genefound in the species Homo sapienshumans}}

{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2023}}

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{{Infobox_gene}}

'''Complement C2''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''C2'' [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: C2 complement component 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrezgene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=717}}</ref> The protein encoded by this gene is part of the [[classical complement pathway|classical pathway]] of the [[complement system]], acting as a multi-___domain serine protease. Deficiency of C2 has been associated with certain autoimmune diseases.<ref name="entrez"/>

The '''Complement system''' is generated to regulate self protection from infection. The overall Complement system is composed of protein groups that collaborate in destroying foreign invaders, which ultimately remove debris from cells and tissues. When the body detects a foreign invader, the body signals the Complement system and the Complement component 2 protein attaches to Complement system 4 resulting in an [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923430/ immune response.] Complement component 2 protein is critical for regulating the body's immune response. The C2 nerves carry messages to muscles involved in neck flexion.

== Function ==

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Photosensitive patients with C2 type I deficiency have poor prognosis. C2 type I deficiency is caused by a 28-base pair gene deletion, resulting in premature termination codon and lack of C2 protein. Patients with LE associated with complement C4 or C2 deficiencies have a better prognosis than those without inherited deficiencies. Complement component 2 deficiency increases risk of autoimmune disorders which may be managed by receiving the adequate care. Clinically, this is significant since Complement component 2 deficiency increases the risk of recurrent bacterial infections, which may be life-threatening.

== Other Namesnames ==

This gene is also known as:

There are numerous forms of naming this gene. For example:

* ARMD14

* C3/C5 convertase

* {{proper name|CO2}}

* complementComplement component 2

* complementComplement component C2

== References ==

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=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}

* Jonsson G, Truedsson L, Sturfelt G, Oxelius VA, Braconier JH, Sjoholm AG. Hereditary C2 deficiency in Sweden: frequent occurrence of invasive infection, atherosclerosis, and rheumatic disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005Jan;84(1):23-34. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000152371.22747.1e. Citation on PubMed (https://pubmed.ncb{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} i.nlm.nih.gov/15643297)

* Complement+2 at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Sjöholm AG, Jönsson G, Braconier JH, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L. Complement deficiency and disease: an update. Mol Immunol. 2006 Jan;43(1-2):78-85. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.025. PMID 16026838.

* Wen L, Atkinson JP, Giclas PC. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of complement deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;113(4):585-93; quiz 594. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.02.003. PMID 15100659.

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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lappin DF, Guc D, Hill A, McShane T, Whaley K | title = Effect of interferon-gamma on complement gene expression in different cell types | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 281 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 437–442 | date = Jan 1992 | pmid = 1531292 | pmc = 1130704 | doi = 10.1042/bj2810437}}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnson CA, Densen P, Hurford RK, Colten HR, Wetsel RA | title = Type I human complement C2 deficiency. A 28-base pair gene deletion causes skipping of exon 6 during RNA splicing | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 267 | issue = 13 | pages = 9347–9353 | date = May 1992 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50430-6 | pmid = 1577763 | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Lappin DF, Birnie GD, Whaley K | title = Interferon-mediated transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of complement gene expression in human monocytes | journal = European Journal of Biochemistry | volume = 194 | issue = 1 | pages = 177–184 | date = Nov 1990 | pmid = 1701385 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19443.x | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Horiuchi T, Macon KJ, Kidd VJ, Volanakis JE | title = cDNA cloning and expression of human complement component C2 | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 142 | issue = 6 | pages = 2105–2111 | date = Mar 1989 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.142.6.2105 | pmid = 2493504 | s2cid = 45538303 | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Cole FS, Whitehead AS, Auerbach HS, Lint T, Zeitz HJ, Kilbridge P, Colten HR | title = The molecular basis for genetic deficiency of the second component of human complement | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 313 | issue = 1 | pages = 11–16 | date = Jul 1985 | pmid = 2582254 | doi = 10.1056/NEJM198507043130103 }}

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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kam CM, McRae BJ, Harper JW, Niemann MA, Volanakis JE, Powers JC | title = Human complement proteins D, C2, and B. Active site mapping with peptide thioester substrates | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 262 | issue = 8 | pages = 3444–3451 | date = Mar 1987 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61371-7 | pmid = 3546307 | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wu LC, Morley BJ, Campbell RD | title = Cell-specific expression of the human complement protein factor B gene: evidence for the role of two distinct 5'-flanking elements | journal = Cell | volume = 48 | issue = 2 | pages = 331–342 | date = Jan 1987 | pmid = 3643061 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90436-3 | s2cid = 32752642 }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Gagnon J | title = Structure and activation of complement components C2 and factor B | journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences | volume = 306 | issue = 1129 | pages = 301–309 | date = Sep 1984 | pmid = 6149575 | doi = 10.1098/rstb.1984.0091 | bibcode = 1984RSPTB.306..301G | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Bentley DR, Porter RR | title = Isolation of cDNA clones for human complement component C2 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 81 | issue = 4 | pages = 1212–1215 | date = Feb 1984 | pmid = 6199794 | pmc = 344796 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.81.4.1212 | bibcode = 1984PNAS...81.1212B | doi-access = free }}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Parkes C, Gagnon J, Kerr MA | title = The reaction of iodine and thiol-blocking reagents with human complement components C2 and factor B. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of a peptide from C2a containing a free thiol group | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 213 | issue = 1 | pages = 201–209 | date = Jul 1983 | pmid = 6555044 | pmc = 1152109 | doi = 10.1042/bj2130201}}

* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kerr MA, Gagnon J | title = The purification and properties of the second component of guinea-pig complement | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 205 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–67 | date = Jul 1982 | pmid = 6922702 | pmc = 1158446 | doi = 10.1042/bj2050059}}

* Liu C-C, Ahearn JM. Complement and systemic lupus erythematosus. 7th ed. In: Wallace DJ, Hahn BH, editors. Dubois’ Lupus Erythematosus. (Chap. 13), Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2007). p.&nbsp;214–35.

* Grammatikos AP, Tsokos GC. Immunodeficiency and autoimmunity: lessons from systemic lupus erythematosus. Trends Mol Med (2012) 18:101–8. [[doi: [http://10.1016/j.molmed.2011.10.005 10.1016/j.molmed.2011.10.005]]

* Ippolito A, Wallace DJ, Gladman D, Fortin PR, Urowitz M, Werth V, et al. Auto-antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison of historical and current assessment of seropositivity. Lupus (2011) 20:250–5. [[doi:10.1177/0961203310385738]]

* Outer surface lipoproteins from the Lyme disease spirochete exploit the molecular switch mechanism of the complement protease C1s. arrigues et al.Journal of Biological ChemistrySeptember 29, 2022