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{{Short description|Robotics}}
{{Robotic laws}} '''Laws of robotics''' are any set of laws, rules, or principles, which are intended as a fundamental framework to underpin the behavior of [[robot]]s designed to have a degree of [[autonomy]]. Robots of this degree of complexity do not yet exist, but they have been widely anticipated in [[science fiction]], [[movie|films]] and are a topic of active [[research and development]] in the fields of [[robotics]] and [[artificial intelligence]].
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# A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws.<ref>{{cite book|last=Asimov|first=Isaac|title=I, Robot|date=1950}}</ref>
In "[[The Evitable Conflict]]" the machines generalize the First Law to mean:
# No machine may harm humanity; or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
This was refined in the end of ''[[Foundation and Earth]]''
{{ordered list|start=0|A robot may not injure humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.}}
Adaptations and extensions exist based upon this framework. {{As of
=== Additional laws ===▼
The 1974 [[Lyuben Dilov]] novel, ''Icarus's Way'' (a.k.a., ''The Trip of Icarus'') introduced a Fourth Law of robotics: "A robot must establish its identity as a robot in all cases." ▼
Dilov gives reasons for the fourth safeguard in this way: "The last Law has put an end to the expensive aberrations of designers to give psychorobots as humanlike a form as possible. And to the resulting misunderstandings...".<ref>{{cite book▼
| last = Dilov▼
| first = Lyuben (aka Lyubin, Luben or Liuben)▼
| author-link = Lyuben Dilov▼
| title = Пътят на Икар▼
| year = 2002▼
| publisher = Захари Стоянов▼
| isbn = 978-954-739-338-7}}</ref> More formally, in 2024 [[Dariusz Jemielniak]] in an article in [[IEEE Spectrum]] proposed a Fourth Law of Robotics: "A robot or AI must not deceive a human by impersonating a human being."<ref>{{Cite web |title=We Need a Fourth Law of Robotics for AI - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/isaac-asimov-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=spectrum.ieee.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=A Fourth Law of Robotics {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/story/2025-01/fourth-law-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Ki kell egészíteni Asimov robotikai törvényeit az AI miatt |url=https://www.blikk.hu/ferfiaknak/tech/robotika-torvenyei/nxbvh73 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Blikk |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tecnológica |first=Site Inovação |date=2025-01-21 |title=Leis da Robótica de Asimov precisam de atualização para IA |url=https://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=leis-robotica-asimov-precisam-atualizacao-ia&id=010180250121 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Site Inovação Tecnológica |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaśkowiak |first=Piotr |date=2025-02-01 |title=Asimovowi zabrakło wyobraźni. Potrzebujemy Czwartego Prawa Robotyki |url=https://ssl.audycje.tokfm.pl/podcast/170407,Asimovowi-zabraklo-wyobrazni-Potrzebujemy-Czwartego-Prawa-Robotyki-a-na-antenie-tworzymy-Piate |work=Radio TokFM}}</ref>
A fifth law was introduced by [[Nikola Kesarovski]] in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics". This fifth law says: "A robot must know it is a robot." ▼
The plot revolves around a murder where the forensic investigation discovers that the victim was killed by a hug from a humaniform robot that did not establish for itself that it was a robot.<ref>{{cite book▼
| last = Кесаровски▼
| first = Никола▼
| author-link = Nikola Kesarovski▼
| title = Петият закон▼
| year = 1983▼
| publisher = Отечество▼
}}</ref> The story was reviewed by [[Valentin D. Ivanov]] in SFF review webzine ''The Portal''.<ref>
For the 1986 tribute anthology, ''[[Foundation's Friends]],'' [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] wrote a story entitled, "The Fourth Law of Robotics". This Fourth Law states: "A robot must reproduce. As long as such reproduction does not interfere with the First or Second or Third Law."▼
In 2013 [[Hutan Ashrafian]] proposed an additional law that considered the role of artificial intelligence-on-artificial intelligence or the relationship between robots themselves – the so-called AIonAI law.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Ashrafian |first= Hutan| year= 2014|title= AIonAI: A Humanitarian Law of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics |journal= Science and Engineering Ethics |volume= 21 |issue= 1 |pages= 29–40 | doi= 10.1007/s11948-013-9513-9 |pmid= 24414678 |s2cid= 2821971}}</ref> This sixth law states: "All robots endowed with comparable human reason and conscience should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."▼
== EPSRC / AHRC principles of robotics ==
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# We should consider the ethics of transparency: are there limits to what should be openly available?
# When we see erroneous accounts in the press, we commit to take the time to contact the reporting journalists.
The EPSRC principles are broadly recognised as a useful starting point. In 2016 Tony Prescott organised a workshop to revise these principles, e.g. to differentiate ethical from legal principles.<ref>{{cite journal|date=2017|title=Legal vs. ethical obligations – a comment on the EPSRC's principles for robotics|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/MLLLVE|journal=Connection Science|doi=10.1080/09540091.2016.1276516|author=Müller, Vincent C.|volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=137–141 |bibcode=2017ConSc..29..137M |s2cid=19080722 }}</ref>
==Judicial development==
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# "A.I. must maximize efficiencies without destroying the dignity of people."
# "A.I. must be designed for intelligent privacy" meaning that it earns trust through guarding their information.
# "A.I. must have algorithmic accountability so that humans can undo unintended harm."
# "A.I. must guard against bias" so that they must not discriminate against people.
==Tilden's
[[Mark W. Tilden]] is a robotics physicist who was a pioneer in developing simple robotics.<ref name=wired1>{{cite magazine| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.09/tilden.html?pg=1&topic= | magazine=Wired | first=Fred | last=Hapgood | title=Chaotic Robotics | issue = 9 | date = September 1994| volume=2 }}</ref>
Tilden # A robot must protect its existence at all costs.
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# A robot must continually search for better power sources.
▲== Additional laws ==
▲Authors other than Asimov have often created extra laws.
▲The 1974 [[Lyuben Dilov]] novel, ''Icarus's Way'' (a.k.a., ''The Trip of Icarus'') introduced a Fourth Law of robotics: "A robot must establish its identity as a robot in all cases."
▲Dilov gives reasons for the fourth safeguard in this way: "The last Law has put an end to the expensive aberrations of designers to give psychorobots as humanlike a form as possible. And to the resulting misunderstandings..."<ref>{{cite book
▲| last = Dilov
▲| first = Lyuben (aka Lyubin, Luben or Liuben)
▲| author-link = Lyuben Dilov
▲| title = Пътят на Икар
▲| year = 2002
▲| publisher = Захари Стоянов
▲A fifth law was introduced by [[Nikola Kesarovski]] in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics". This fifth law says: "A robot must know it is a robot."
▲The plot revolves around a murder where the forensic investigation discovers that the victim was killed by a hug from a humaniform robot that did not establish for itself that it was a robot.<ref>{{cite book
▲| last = Кесаровски
▲| first = Никола
▲| author-link = Nikola Kesarovski
▲| title = Петият закон
▲| year = 1983
▲| publisher = Отечество
▲}}</ref> The story was reviewed by [[Valentin D. Ivanov]] in SFF review webzine ''The Portal''.<ref>[http://sffportal.net/2011/06/lawful-little-country-the-bulgarian-laws-of-robotics/#more-2376 Lawful Little Country: The Bulgarian Laws of Robotics | The Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
▲For the 1986 tribute anthology, ''[[Foundation's Friends]],'' [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] wrote a story entitled, "The Fourth Law of Robotics". This Fourth Law states: "A robot must reproduce. As long as such reproduction does not interfere with the First or Second or Third Law."
▲In 2013 [[Hutan Ashrafian]] proposed an additional law that considered the role of artificial intelligence-on-artificial intelligence or the relationship between robots themselves – the so-called AIonAI law.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Ashrafian |first= Hutan| year= 2014|title= AIonAI: A Humanitarian Law of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics |journal= Science and Engineering Ethics |volume= 21 |issue= 1 |pages= 29–40 | doi= 10.1007/s11948-013-9513-9 |pmid= 24414678 |s2cid= 2821971}}</ref> This sixth law states: "All robots endowed with comparable human reason and conscience should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
==See also==
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==References ==
{{reflist|30em}}<ref>17. Announcer (2011). [[Portal 2]]</ref>{{Robotics}}
<references />
[[Category:Robotics]]
[[Category:Robotics engineering]]
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