Laws of robotics: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Robotics}}
{{Robotic laws}}

'''Laws of robotics''' are any set of laws, rules, or principles, which are intended as a fundamental framework to underpin the behavior of [[robot]]s designed to have a degree of [[autonomy]]. Robots of this degree of complexity do not yet exist, but they have been widely anticipated in [[science fiction]], [[movie|films]] and are a topic of active [[research and development]] in the fields of [[robotics]] and [[artificial intelligence]].

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# No machine may harm humanity; or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

This was refined in the end of ''[[Foundation and Earth]]'',. aA zeroth law was introduced, with the original three suitably rewritten as subordinate to it:

{{ordered list|start=0|A robot may not injure humanity, or, by inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.}}

Adaptations and extensions exist based upon this framework. {{As of 2021|2024}} they remain a "[[fictional device]]".<ref name="revolution">{{cite news|last=Stewart|first=Jon|title=Ready for the robot revolution?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-15146053|access-date=2011-10-03|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|date=2011-10-03}}</ref>

=== Additional laws ===

Authors other than Asimov have often created extra laws.

The 1974 [[Lyuben Dilov]] novel, ''Icarus's Way'' (a.k.a., ''The Trip of Icarus'') introduced a Fourth Law of robotics: "A robot must establish its identity as a robot in all cases."

Dilov gives reasons for the fourth safeguard in this way: "The last Law has put an end to the expensive aberrations of designers to give psychorobots as humanlike a form as possible. And to the resulting misunderstandings...".<ref>{{cite book

| last = Dilov

| first = Lyuben (aka Lyubin, Luben or Liuben)

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| year = 2002

| publisher = Захари Стоянов

| isbn = 978-954-739-338-7}}</ref> More formally, in 2024 [[Dariusz Jemielniak]] in an article in [[IEEE Spectrum]] proposed a Fourth Law of Robotics: "A robot or AI must not deceive a human by impersonating a human being."<ref>{{Cite web |title=We Need a Fourth Law of Robotics for AI - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/isaac-asimov-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=spectrum.ieee.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-24 |title=A Fourth Law of Robotics {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/story/2025-01/fourth-law-robotics |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-15 |title=Ki kell egészíteni Asimov robotikai törvényeit az AI miatt |url=https://www.blikk.hu/ferfiaknak/tech/robotika-torvenyei/nxbvh73 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Blikk |language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tecnológica |first=Site Inovação |date=2025-01-21 |title=Leis da Robótica de Asimov precisam de atualização para IA |url=https://www.inovacaotecnologica.com.br/noticias/noticia.php?artigo=leis-robotica-asimov-precisam-atualizacao-ia&id=010180250121 |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=Site Inovação Tecnológica |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jaśkowiak |first=Piotr |date=2025-02-01 |title=Asimovowi zabrakło wyobraźni. Potrzebujemy Czwartego Prawa Robotyki |url=https://ssl.audycje.tokfm.pl/podcast/170407,Asimovowi-zabraklo-wyobrazni-Potrzebujemy-Czwartego-Prawa-Robotyki-a-na-antenie-tworzymy-Piate |work=Radio TokFM}}</ref>

| isbn = 978-954-739-338-7}}</ref>

A fifth law was introduced by [[Nikola Kesarovski]] in his short story "The Fifth Law of Robotics". This fifth law says: "A robot must know it is a robot."

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| year = 1983

| publisher = Отечество

}}</ref> The story was reviewed by [[Valentin D. Ivanov]] in SFF review webzine ''The Portal''.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://sffportal.net/2011/06/lawful-little-country-the-bulgarian-laws-of-robotics/#more-2376 |title=Lawful Little Country: The Bulgarian Laws of Robotics |{{!}} The Portal<!-- Bot generated title -->] |access-date=2023-02-08 |archive-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006052447/http://sffportal.net/2011/06/lawful-little-country-the-bulgarian-laws-of-robotics/#more-2376 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

For the 1986 tribute anthology, ''[[Foundation's Friends]],'' [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] wrote a story entitled, "The Fourth Law of Robotics". This Fourth Law states: "A robot must reproduce. As long as such reproduction does not interfere with the First or Second or Third Law."

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# We should consider the ethics of transparency: are there limits to what should be openly available?

# When we see erroneous accounts in the press, we commit to take the time to contact the reporting journalists.

The EPSRC principles are broadly recognised as a useful starting point. In 2016 Tony Prescott organised a workshop to revise these principles, e.g. to differentiate ethical from legal principles.<ref>{{cite journal|date=2017|title=Legal vs. ethical obligations – a comment on the EPSRC's principles for robotics|url=https://philpapers.org/rec/MLLLVE|journal=Connection Science|doi=10.1080/09540091.2016.1276516|author=Müller, Vincent C.|volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=137–141 |bibcode=2017ConSc..29..137M |s2cid=19080722 }}</ref>

==Judicial development==

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==Tilden's laws ==

[[Mark W. Tilden]] is a robotics physicist who was a pioneer in developing simple robotics.<ref name=wired1>{{cite magazine| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.09/tilden.html?pg=1&topic= | magazine=Wired | first=Fred | last=Hapgood | title=Chaotic Robotics | issue = 9 | date = September 1994| volume=2 }}</ref>

Tilden Hislater disparaged his earlier work as "wimpy" for having been based on the human-centric Asimov laws. He created three new guiding principles/rules for robots"wild" arerobots:<ref name=wired1/><ref>{{cite web |first=Ashley |last=Dunn. "[|url=http://partners.nytimes.com/library/cyber/surf/0605surf.html |title=Machine Intelligence, Part II: From Bumper Cars to Electronic Minds]" ''|work=[[The New York Times]]'' 5 June |date=1996. Retrieved-06-05 |accessdate=2009-07-26 July 2009.}}</ref><ref>[{{cite web |url=http://makezine.com/06/beam/ |title=makezine.com: A Beginner's Guide to BEAM<!-- Bot generated title -->] |quote=(Most of the article is subscription-only content.) }}</ref>

# A robot must protect its existence at all costs.

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# A robot must continually search for better power sources.

What is notable inWithin these three rules is that these are basically rules for "wild" life, so in essence what Tilden stated is thatbasically whatstating hehis wantedgoal wasas: "...proctoring a silicon species into sentience, but with full control over the specs. Not plant. Not animal. Something else."<ref>{{cite magazine| url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/2.09/tilden.html?pg=2&topic= | magazine=Wired | first=Fred | last=Hapgood | title=Chaotic Robotics (continued) | issue = 9 | date = September 1994| volume=2 }}</ref>

==See also==

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==References ==

{{reflist|30em}}<ref>17. Announcer (2011). [[Portal 2]]</ref>{{Robotics}}

<references />

{{Robotics}}

[[Category:Robotics]]

[[Category:Robotics engineering]]