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{{short description|Container format for multiplexing digital audio, video and more}}
'''Program stream''' ('''PS''' or '''MPEG-PS''') is a [[container format (digital)|container format]] for multiplexing [[digital audio]], [[video]] and more. The PS format is specified in [[MPEG-1]] Systems and [[MPEG-2]] Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard [http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf 13818-1]).
{{Infobox file format
Program streams are created by combining one or more [[Packetized Elementary Stream]]s (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to [[transport stream]] which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of [[start code]]s which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead.▼
[[fr:| name = MPEG Program Stream]]▼
| icon =
| logo =
| extension = .mpg, .mpeg, .m2p, .ps
| mime = video/MP2P,<ref name="rfc3555"/> video/MP1S,<ref name="rfc3555">{{cite web |url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3555#page-39 |title=RFC 3555 - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats |date=July 2003 |access-date=2010-03-20}}</ref> video/mpeg<ref name="pronom-mpeg2ps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/Format/proFormatSearch.aspx?status=detailReport&id=660 |title=Details for: MPEG-2 Program Stream |work=PRONOM: The technical registry |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]}}</ref><ref name="pronom-mpeg1ps">{{cite web |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/PRONOM/Format/proFormatSearch.aspx?status=detailReport&id=659 |title=Details for: MPEG-1 Program Stream |work=PRONOM: The technical registry |publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)]]}}</ref>
| type code =
| uniform type = public.mpeg<ref name="pronom-mpeg2ps"/><ref name="pronom-mpeg1ps"/>
| magic =
| owner = [[MPEG]]
| released = {{Start date and age|1993|08|df=yes}}<ref name="11172-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=19180 | title=ISO/IEC 11172-1:1993 - Information technology -- Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s -- Part 1: Systems | author=ISO | year=1993 | access-date=2010-07-18 }}</ref>
| latest release version = ISO/IEC 13818-1:2019
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2019|06|df=yes}}
| type = [[Container format (digital)|Container format]]
| container for = Audio, video, data
| contained by =
| extended from =
| extended to = [[VOB]], [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]], [[MOD and TOD (video format)|MOD]]
| standard = ISO/IEC 11172-1,<ref name="11172-1" /> ISO/IEC 13818-1,<ref name="13818-1">{{cite web | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=22989 | title=ISO/IEC 13818-1:1996 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems | author=ISO | year=1996 | access-date=2010-07-18 }}</ref> ITU-T H.222.0<ref name="h2220-summary">{{cite web|url=http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-t/rec/h/T-REC-H.222.0-200605-I!!SUM-HTM-E.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519041216/http://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-t/rec/h/T-REC-H.222.0-200605-I%21%21SUM-HTM-E.htm |archive-date=2011-05-19 |title=H.222.0 Summary |author=ITU-T |date=May 2006 |access-date=2010-06-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="h2220">{{cite web |url=http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.222.0 |title=H.222.0 : Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems |author=ITU-T |access-date=2010-06-03}}</ref>
| open = Yes
| free = Yes<ref>{{cite tech report |publisher=Library of Congress |___location=Washington, D.C. |series=Sustainability of Digital Formats |type=Full draft |title=MPEG-2 Encoding Family |date=14 February 2012 |url=https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000335.shtml |access-date=13 December 2021 |quote=Licenses pertain to tools and not to streams or files per se.}}</ref>
}}
'''Program stream''' ('''PS''' or '''MPEG-PS''') is a [[container format (digital)|container format]] for [[multiplexing]] [[digital audio]], [[video]] and more. The PS format is specified in [[MPEG-1]] Part 1 (ISO/IEC 11172-1) and [[MPEG-2]] Part 1, Systems (ISO/IEC standard 13818-1<ref name="mpeg2systems-neuron">{{citation |url=http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-11 |title=ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000 - Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems |publisher=neuron2.net |date=2000-12-01}}</ref>/ITU-T H.222.0<ref name="h2220-summary" /><ref name="h2220" />). The MPEG-2 Program Stream is analogous and similar to ISO/IEC 11172 Systems layer and it is forward compatible.<ref name="iso13818">ISO (2000-12-01) [https://web.archive.org/web/20100611214610/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf ISO/IEC 13818-1 : 2000, Second edition] Page X, Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=L7N0LQvBKtYC&dq=mpeg%20program%20stream%20specification&pg=PA39 Data Broadcasting, MPEG-2 Transport Basics, MPEG-2 Program Stream], Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref>
 
Program streams are used on [[DVD-Video]] discs and [[HD DVD]] video discs, but with some restrictions and extensions.<ref name="mpeg-dvd">[https://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/dvdmpeg.html DVD - MPeg differences], Retrieved on 2009-07-24</ref><ref>MPEG.org (July 21, 1996) [http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_B/Video.html DVD Technical Notes - Video Data Specifications] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621150928/http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_B/Video.html |date=2015-06-21 }}, Retrieved on 2009-07-25</ref> The filename extensions are [[VOB]] and [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]] respectively.
Program streams are used on [[DVD]] video discs and [[HD DVD]] video discs. The file extensions are [[VOB]] and [[Enhanced VOB|EVO]] respectively. Blu-ray uses a transport stream (TS) format with an additional 4 byte time code added to the beginning of each TS packet[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MPEG_transport_stream&action=edit&section=11].
 
==Coding structure==
▲Program streams are created by combining one or more [[Packetized Elementary Stream]]s (PES), which have a common time base, into a single stream. It is designed for reasonably reliable media such as disks, in contrast to [[MPEG transport stream]] which is for data transmission in which loss of data is likely. Program streams have variable size records and minimal use of [[start code]]s which would make over the air reception difficult, but has less overhead. Program stream coding layer allows only one [[MPEG transport stream#Programs|program]] of one or more elementary streams to be packaged into a single stream, in contrast to transport stream, which allows multiple programs.<ref name="iso13818" />
 
MPEG-2 Program stream can contain MPEG-1 Part 2 video, [[MPEG-2 Part 2]] video, MPEG-1 Part 3 audio ([[MPEG-1 Audio Layer III|MP3]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer II|MP2]], [[MPEG-1 Audio Layer I|MP1]]) or MPEG-2 Part 3 audio.<ref name="iso13818"/> It can also contain [[MPEG-4 Part 2]] video, MPEG-2 Part 7 audio ([[Advanced audio coding|AAC]]) or MPEG-4 Part 3 (AAC) audio,<ref name="iso13818"/> but they are rarely used.{{Citation needed|reason=MPEG-4 Part 2 streams can be found in many countries and increasingly so as ASO continues worldwide|date=August 2010}} The MPEG-2 Program stream has provisions for non-standard data (e.g. [[Dolby AC-3|AC-3]] audio or subtitles) in the form of so-called private streams.<ref name="whatisvob">[http://www.mpucoder.com/DVD/vobov.html What is a VOB file], Retrieved on 2009-07-26</ref> International Organization for Standardization authorized [[SMPTE]] Registration Authority, LLC as the registration authority for MPEG-2 format identifiers. It publishes a list of compression formats which can be encapsulated in MPEG-2 transport stream and program stream.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://smpte-ra.org/mpeg-ts-ids |title=MPEG Transport Stream Identifiers |publisher=SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC |access-date=2016-09-16}}</ref>
 
==Coding details==
 
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Partial MPEG-2 Program Stream Packpack header format<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dvd.sourceforge.net/dvdinfo/packhdr.html|title=Pack Header|website=dvd.sourceforge.net}}</ref>
!Name
!Number<br/>of [[bit]]s
!Description
|-
|[[sync byte]]s||32||0x000001BA
|-
|marker bits||2||01[[binary numeral system|b]] for MPEG-2 version. The marker bits for the MPEG-1 version are 4 bits with value 0010[[binary numeral system|b]].
|marker bits||2||01[[binary|b]]
|-
|System clock [32..30]||3||[http://www.bretl.com/mpeghtml/SCR.HTM System Clock Reference] (SCR) bits 32 thruto 30
|-
|marker bit||1||1 Bit always set.
|-
|System clock [29..15]||15||System clock bits 29 thruto 15
|-
|marker bit||1||1 Bit always set.
|-
|System clock [14..0]||15||System clock bits 14 thruto 0
|-
|marker bit||1||1 Bit always set.
Line 42 ⟶ 69:
|stuffing bytes||8*stuffing length||
|-
|system header (optional)||0 or more ||if system header start code follows: 0x000001BB
|stuffing bytes||8*stuffing length||
|}
 
{|class="wikitable"
 
|+ Partial system header format
 
!Name
!Number<br/>of [[bytes]]
!Description
|-
|[[sync byte]]s||4||0x000001BB
|-
|header length||2||
|-
|rate bound and marker bits||3||
|-
|audio bound and flags||1||
|-
|flags, marker bit, and video bound||1||
|-
|Packet rate restriction and reserved byte||1||
|}
 
==See also==
*[[Elementary stream]]
*[[MPEG transport stream]]
 
==References==
<references />
 
==External links==
* [http://wwwmpeg.chiariglione.org/mpeg/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm MPEG-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421094015/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/standards/mpeg-2/mpeg-2.htm |date=2013-04-21 }}
* [http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/ Official MPEG web site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121113135154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/rd/pubs/papers/index-mpeg-vision.shtml BBC On MPEG]
* [http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3555#page-40 RFC 3555] - MIME Type Registration of RTP Payload Formats (video/MP2P, video/MP1S)
 
{{Compression formats}}
{{compu-storage-stub}}
{{MPEG}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mpeg Program Stream}}
[[Category:Digital container formats]]
[[Category:MPEG]]
[[Category:MPEG-2]]
 
[[Category:ITU-T recommendations]]
[[de:Programmstrom]]
▲[[fr:Program Stream]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG_program_stream"