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{{Short description|
A [[desktop environment]] is a collection of software designed to give functionality and a certain [[look and feel]] to an [[operating system]].
This article applies to [[operating system]]s which are capable of running the [[X Window System]], mostly [[Unix]] and [[Unix-like]] operating systems such as [[Linux]], [[Minix]], [[illumos]], [[Solaris (operating system)|Solaris]], [[IBM AIX|AIX]], [[FreeBSD]] and [[Mac OS X]].<ref>[http://www.xfree86.org/ XFree86 Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031020210433/http://xfree86.org/ |date=2003-10-20 }} line 5</ref> [[Microsoft Windows]] is incapable of natively running X applications; however, third-party X servers like [[Cygwin/X]], [[Hummingbird Ltd.|Exceed]], or [[Xming]] are available.<ref>[http://x.cygwin.com/ Cygwin/X website]</ref><ref>[
== Technical elements of a desktop environment ==
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Some of the differences which can influence the choice of desktop environment are:
* [[Look and feel]] of the desktop environment. The user will be more comfortable with a certain look and feel that they may or may not already be familiar with.
* Flexibility and configurability of the desktop environment. A sophisticated user might want a highly configurable desktop environment to make the desktop environment work the way they want. A
* Personal preferences for choice of software, which has two aspects:
** Each desktop environment comes packaged with various default software and various "ways things are done" under that desktop. A casual user might like a highly integrated graphical interface to change various settings while a more experienced user might prefer to use individual configuration utilities or even [[Command-line interface|CLI]] tools.
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! Version <!-- stable versions -->
! Date <!-- YYYY-MM-DD / ISO 8601 -->
|-▼
| [[Budgie (desktop environment)|Budgie]]
| 2014-02-07
| C, Vala
| GTK
| GPL
| The intention was to use [[GNOME]] components to create a more lightweight and traditional desktop that still had most of the features that GNOME provided at the time.
|-
| [[Cinnamon (software)|Cinnamon]]
| 2011-04
| {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q1092551|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|preferred|single|Q1092551|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
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|-
| [[Common Desktop Environment]] (CDE)
| 1993-06-30
| 2.5.2
▲| {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q49417|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| 2023-11-18
▲| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|preferred|single|Q49417|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
| C, C++
| [[Motif (software)|Motif]]
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| GTK
| GPL, LGPL
| LXDE, with its low resource footprint, is a favorite among developers of lighter-weight Linux distributions. Development has largely moved to LXQt, but it is still maintained and in 2020 ported to GTK3.
|-
| [[LXQt]]
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| [[Elementary OS#Pantheon desktop environment|Pantheon]]
| 2011
| 8.2.4
|
| Vala
| GTK
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|-
| [[Razor-qt]]
| 2010
| {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q2420670|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|preferred|single|Q2420670|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
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| GTK
| GPL
| {{dash}}
|▼
|-
| [[Trinity Desktop Environment]] (TDE)
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| GTK
| GPL, LGPL
| Developed by Canonical for Ubuntu as an alternative graphical shell to GNOME Shell. Designed with "convergence" in mind, it was discontinued by Canonical in early 2017 because Unity 8 had some problems, including Mir and X app support. Was picked up by UBPorts and renamed "[[Lomiri]]."
|-
| [[Xfce]]
| 1997-early
| {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|Q170821|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
| {{wikidata|qualifier|raw|preferred|single|Q170821|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}
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| GTK
| GPL, LGPL, BSD license
|
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
!
! [[KDE]]
! [[GNOME]]
! [[MATE (software)|MATE]]
! [[Cinnamon (desktop environment)|Cinnamon]]
! [[Xfce]]
! [[LXDE]]
! [[ROX Desktop]]
! Étoilé
! [[Equinox Desktop Environment|EDE]]
! [[Enlightenment (software)|Enlightenment]]
![[LXQt]]
|-
! [[X window manager]]
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| edewm
| Enlightenment
| [[KWin]]
|-
! [[X display manager]]
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| elma
| [[Entrance (display manager)|Entrance]]
|[[SDDM]]
|-
! [[File manager]]
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| Efiler
| EFM, Entropy
|[[PCMan File Manager|PCManFM-Qt]]
|-
! [[Widget toolkit]]
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| [[FLTK]] (previously eFLTK)
| Elementary
|[[Qt (framework)|Qt]]
|-
! [[Terminal emulator]]
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|
| Terminology
| Qterminal
|-
! [[Text editor]]
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|
| Eyesight, Ecrire
|Mousepad
|-
! [[Video player (software)|Video player]]
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|
| Enna (media center), Eclair
▲|
|-
! [[Audio player (software)|Audio player]]
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|
| Enjoy
|
|-
! [[Optical disc authoring software|CD burners]]
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|
|
|Xfburn
|-
! [[CD ripper]]
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|
| Extrackt
|
|-
! [[Image viewer]]
| [[Gwenview]]
| [[
| [[MATE (software)#Components|Eye of MATE]]
|Xviewer
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| Eimage
| Ephoto
|
|-
! [[Office suite]]
| [[Calligra Suite]] ([[KOffice]] until 2011)<ref>{{Cite web |last=creator) |first=Aracele Torres, Camila Ayres, Molly White (original wikimedia-timeline |last2=names |first2=Translated by Your |title=A 27 year timeline of KDE events |url=https://kde.org/ |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=kde.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unmaintained / KOffice · GitLab |url=https://invent.kde.org/unmaintained/koffice |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=GitLab |language=en}}</ref>
| GnomeOffice
|
|
|
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|
| Eve
|
|-
! [[E-mail client]]
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|
| [[GNUMail]]
|
|
|
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|
| Contacts
|
|
|
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|
| Shotgun
|
|-
! [[File archiver|Archive manager]]
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|
|
| LXQt-manager
|-
! [[PDF]] viewer
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|
| Epdf
|
|-
! [[Integrated development environment|IDE]]
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|
| EDI
|
|-
! [[X session manager]]
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|
|
|
|-
! [[Widget engine]]
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|
| Elementary
|
|-
! [[Software license|Licenses]] used
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| [[GPL]], [[LGPL]]
| [[BSD licenses|BSD]], [[LGPL]]
|[[GPL]], [[LGPL]]
▲|-
|}
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* [https://www.linux.com/news/best-linux-desktop-environments-2016 Best Linux Desktop Environments for 2016] [[linux.com]]
* [https://lifehacker.com/5762081/wtf-desktop-environments-gnome-kde-and-more-explained WTF Desktop Environments: GNOME, KDE, and More Explained] ''[[Lifehacker]]''
* [https://www.networkworld.com/article/2359355/software/156246-A-visual-history-of-OS-desktop-environments.html A visual history of OS desktop environments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203181034/https://www.networkworld.com/article/2359355/software/156246-A-visual-history-of-OS-desktop-environments.html |date=2018-02-03 }} [[NetworkWorld]]
{{X desktop environments and window managers}}
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