TurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Open-Source virtual appliance library}}

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{{infoboxInfobox OS

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The '''TurnkeyTurnKey Linux Virtual Appliance Library''' is a [[Free software|free]] [[open -source software]] project which has developeddevelops a range of [[Debian]] -based pre-packaged server [[software appliances]] (akaalso called [[virtual appliance]]s). Turnkey appliances can be deployed as a [[virtual machine]] (a range of [[hypervisors]] are supported), in [[Cloud computing|cloud computing infrastructures]] (includingservices such as [[Amazon Web Services|AWS]] and others) or installed in physical computers.

== Features ==

The project currently maintains around 100 [[virtual appliance|virtual appliances]]s, all freely licensed and each a ready-to-use solution optimized for ease of use, with daily automatic security updates and full backup capabilities built in. Each appliance is designed to "just work" with little configuration required.<ref name="TurnKeySoftwareAppliances">{{cite web | title = TurnKey GNU/Linux: 100+ Free Ready-to-Use System Images for Virtual Machines, the Cloud, and Bare Metal | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ | accessdate = July 20, 2014 }}</ref>

They are packaged in formats for different virtualization platforms, and two builds for installing onto physical media (to non-virtualized hard disk or USB from a hybrid ISO) or onto the [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]].<ref name="BuildTypes">{{Cite web |title = Supported virtualization platforms and build types | work = TurnKey Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/builds}}</ref>

* [[Virtual appliance]]s distributed as [[virtual machine]] types such as:

The project currently maintains around 100 [[virtual appliance|virtual appliances]], all freely licensed and each a ready-to-use solution optimized for ease of use, with daily automatic security updates and full backup capabilities built in. Each appliance is designed to "just work" with little configuration required.<ref name="TurnKeySoftwareAppliances">{{cite web | title = TurnKey GNU/Linux: 100+ Free Ready-to-Use System Images for Virtual Machines, the Cloud, and Bare Metal | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/ | accessdate = July 20, 2014 }}</ref>

** [[Open Virtualization Format|OVA]] (OVA) - As of v14.0 this iswas the default VM format. It provides "double-click" launch forsupports [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware_WorkstationVMware Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware_PlayerVMware Player|Player]], [[VMware_FusionVMware Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware_ESXVMware ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).

They** are[[VMDK]] packaged- "VM" in severalTurnkey formats,Linux optimizeddownload formirrors several- differentAs virtualization platformsabove, inbut additionpackaged toas twoa separatezip buildscontaining fora installingVMDK ontovHDD physicalas mediawell (toas non-virtualizeda hardVMX disk(legacy orVMware USBvm fromconfig a hybrid ISOfile). orRuns onto theon [[AmazonKernel-based Elastic Compute CloudVirtual Machine| Amazon EC2 cloudKVM]]/[[QEMU]]. <ref name="BuildTypesKVM"> {{Citecite web |title = SupportedUsing virtualizationdefault platforms andVM build typeswith KVM | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/buildskvm}}</ref>

* [[Virtual appliance]]: a ready-to-run [[Virtual Machine]] Appliance build types include:"

** [[Open Virtualization Format|OVA]] - As of v14.0 this is the default VM format. It provides "double-click" launch for [[VirtualBox]] and most [[VMware]] products (e.g. [[VMware_Workstation|Workstation]], [[VMware_Player|Player]], [[VMware_Fusion|Fusion]] and [[VMware_ESX|vSphere/ESX]]). Also includes open-vmtools (for VMware).

** [[VMDK]] - "VM" in Turnkey Linux download mirrors - As above, but packaged as a zip containing a VMDK vHDD as well as a (legacy) VMX (legacy VMware vm config file). Runs on [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]/[[QEMU]]<ref name="KVM"> {{cite web |title = Using default VM build with KVM | work = TurnKey GNU/Linux docs | accessdate = 2014-07-20 | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/kvm}}</ref>

** [[OpenStack]]

** [[LXC|Container]] - This somewhat generic container format is specifically packaged for [[Proxmox_Virtual_EnvironmentProxmox Virtual Environment|Proxmox]] (as tar.gz) (and formerly [[OpenNode]] (as OVAtoo). These builds can be downloaded direct within Proxmox's WebUI<ref>{{cite web |url=http://forum.proxmox.com/threads/8462-Appliance-downloads-are-back-%28Proxmox-VE-2-0rc1%29-including-TurnKey-Linux-library |title=Appliance downloads are back (Proxmox VE 2.0rc1) including TurnKey Linux library|date=23 February 2012 |work=Martin Maurer - Proxmox VE project lead via ProxmoxVE announcement thread|accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref> (and formerly via OpenNode's interface<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library/ |title=Introducing TurnKey Linux Appliance Library |date=18 October 2013 |work=OpenNode Cld Platform |accessdateaccess-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220050230/http://opennodecloud.com/article/introducing-turnkey-linux-appliance-library |archive-date=20 February 2014 }}</ref> respectively). The tar.gz archive is also known to work with both vanilla [[OpenVZ]] and [[LXC]] with minimal tweaking.

** [[Xen]]

** [[Docker (software)|Docker]]

* [[Live CD|Installable Live CD/USB]]: a [[Hybrid disc|hybrid]] [[ISO image]] which can be burned to either [[CD]] or [[USB flash drive|USB]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/iso2usb |title=Installing TurnKey from USB flash drive|date=8 January 2014 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> and used to install on both bare metal (I.e. a non-virtualized physical machine) and [[virtual machines]], including [[VMware]], [[Xen]], [[XenServer]], [[VirtualBox]], and [[Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM]]. This image can also run [[Live CD|live]] in non-persistent ''demo mode''.

* [[Amazon Machine Image]]: provisioned on-demand on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud via either the TurnKey's "Linux Hub" or the [[Amazon Elastic Compute CloudMarketplace]].

Pre-integrated server applications include [[LAMP (software bundle)|LAMP]], [[WordPress]], [[Joomla]], [[Drupal]], [[Redmine]], [[MySQL]], [[MediaWiki]], [[Domain controller]], [[File server]], [[Ruby on Rails]], [[phpBB]], and many others.

== History ==

Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = August 13, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090813085431/http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | url-status = dead }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | accessdateaccess-date = March 23, 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130209110133/http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | archive-date = February 9, 2013 }}</ref>

The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 | archive-date = April 2, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090402063654/http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Founded by engineers of an Israeli startup,<ref name="Scannell2009-03-10">{{cite news | last = Scannell | first = Ed | date = March 10, 2009 | title = TurnKey Linux Delivers Open Source Appliances | work = [[InformationWeek]] | url = http://www.informationweek.com/news/software/linux/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=215801604&subSection=Integration | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> the project was conceived in mid-2008 as a community-oriented open source project that would focus on helping users piece together turnkey solutions from open source components in the largest Linux distributions. According to one of TurnKey Linux's co-founders, the project was in part inspired by a desire to provide open source alternatives to proprietary virtual appliance vendors that would be aligned with user interests and could engage the community.<ref name="Panettieri2009-03-12">{{cite news | last = Panettieri | first = Joe | date = March 12, 2009 | title = 12 Ubuntu Server Appliances Meet the Cloud | work = WorksWithU | url = http://www.workswithu.com/2009/03/12/12-ubuntu-server-appliances-meet-the-cloud/ | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref>

In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new [[Virtual Machinemachine image]] format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support.

The project launched in September 2008 with three prototype appliances for Drupal, Joomla and LAMP, based on the Ubuntu 8.04.1 build.<ref name="UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter108">{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = TurnKey Linux: new project builds Ubuntu based Live CD appliances | journal = Ubuntu Weekly Newsletter | issue = 108 | url = https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UbuntuWeeklyNewsletter/Issue108#TurnKey%20Linux:%20new%20project%20builds%20Ubuntu%20based%20Live%20CD%20appliances | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> In the following months usability was improved and a dozen additional appliances were released including Ruby on Rails, MediaWiki and Django.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25">{{cite news | last = Fransen | first = Matto | date = February 25, 2009 | title = Kant-en-klare open source bedrijfsapplicaties | work = Infoworld | url = http://www.infoworld.nl/web/Artikel/Kant-en-klare-open-source-bedrijfsapplicaties.htm | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref>

TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "Toptop 40 open source products" of that year.<ref name="DineleyBorckMobley2009-08-31">{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = [[InfoWorld]] | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758&current=7&last=1%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |title=2009 BOSSie for Open Source Platforms and Middleware, see Slide 7] |access-date=2010-02-25 |archive-date=2009-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091204053952/http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758%26current%3D7%26last%3D1#slideshowTop |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In October 2009, the project released 40 appliances based on Ubuntu 8.04.3 including 25 new additions to the virtual appliance library. The release included support for [[Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud]], and a new Virtual Machine image format with [[Open Virtualization Format|OVF]] support.

In September 2010, Turnkey Linux Backup and Migration (TKLBAM) was announced..<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/announcing-tklbam | title=a new kind of smart backup/restore system that just works | date=8 September 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref> In November 2010, further additions to TKLBAM were announced including the integration of Webmin, which was discussed as a future feature in the original unveiling of the TKLBAM.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-11.0rc-part1#webmin-tklbam | title=New release candidates for TurnKey Linux 11.0 (part 1) | date=23 November 2010 | work=Liraz Siri | accessdate=18 February 2019}}</ref>

TurnKey Linux was listed as a winner of the 2009 "Bossies" by [[InfoWorld]] as one of the "Top 40 open source products" of that year.<ref name="DineleyBorckMobley2009-08-31">{{cite news | last1 = Dineley | first1 = Doug | last2 = Borck | first2 = James R. | last3 = Mobley | first3 = High | date = August 31, 2009 | title = Best of Open Source Software Awards 2009 | work = [[InfoWorld]] | url = http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-software-awards-2009-628?page=0,2 | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://infoworld.com/d/open-source/best-open-source-platforms-and-middleware-758&current=7&last=1#slideshowTop 2009 BOSSie for Open Source Platforms and Middleware, see Slide 7]</ref>

Turnkey Linux was nominated for the SourceForge February 2012 Project of the Month.<ref>{{cite web |url= httphttps://sourceforge.net/blog/february-potm-vote/ | title=SourceForge.net: VOTE for the February Project Of The Month|date=10 January 2012 |work=SourceForge.net |accessdate=15 April 2012}}</ref>

In August 2012, version 12.0 was released with the library increased to include over 100 appliances. This release also marked a move away from [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]] as the underlying [[Operatingoperating Systemsystem]] to [[Debian]] 6.0 (akaa.k.a. Squeeze). This move was cited as being for various reasons, particularly security.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-12 |title=Announcing TurnKey Linux 12.0: 100+ ready-to-use solutions|date=30 August 2012 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=13 November 2012}}</ref>

Early June 2013 saw a significant change of tack with the version 12.1 update release; built with the new "TKLDev" open build infrastructure. This release also included the first [[64 bit|X86-64]] builds.<ref>{{cite web |url=httphttps://www.zdnet.com/article/turnkey-linux-offers-64-bit-server-apps-on-amazon-cloud-7000016689/ |title=TurnKey Linux offers 64-bit server apps on Amazon cloud |date= 11 June 2013 |work= Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols |accessdateaccess-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Later that same month, the Turnkey Linux custom application code was moved to [[GitHub]] which also included a tracker for appliances bug reports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/moved-to-github |title=TurnKey moves to GitHub|date=28 June 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref> As promised, in mid July Turnkey Linux released their image building appliance (TKLDev) as well as an additional separate [[GitHub]] account to house all the appliance specific code (used by TKLDev to build the appliances).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/introducing-tkldev |title=Introducing TKLDev - Turnkey's appliance development and build system in a box|date=18 July 2013 |work=Alon Swartz |accessdate=8 February 2014}}</ref>

November 2013 saw the release of v13.0, based on [[Debian]] 7.2 (akaa.k.a. Wheezy).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-13-and-tklbam-1.4 |title=TurnKey 13 out, TKLBAM 1.4 now backup/restores any Linux system|date=21 November 2013 |work=Liraz Siri |accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>

September 2015 saw the long overdue release of v14.0, based on [[Debian]] 8.2 (akaa.k.a. Jessie),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/turnkey-14-0-release |title=v14.0 stable release - Massive Community Effort!|date=17 September 2015 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=24 November 2014}}</ref>, followed by an April 2016 maintenance release, v. 14.1, based on Debian 8.4.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.turnkeylinux.org/blog/14.1-bugfixes-maintenance-and-more |title=v14.1 Release - Bugfixes, Maintenance and More|date=15 April 2016 |work=Jeremy Davis |accessdate=25 April 2016}}</ref>

== Design ==

TurnKey's virtual appliances start life as a "stripped down" [[Debian]] bootstrap (versions previous to v12.0 based on [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]].<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" />) To this is added the TurnKey Core, which includes all the common features for the project's virtual appliances,<ref name="TurnKeyCore">{{cite web | title = TurnKey Linux Core - Common Base Appliance | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/core | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> including:

TurnKey's virtual appliances start life as a "stripped down" [[Debian]] bootstrap (versions previous to v12.0 based on [[Ubuntu (operating system)|Ubuntu]].<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" />) To this is added the TurnKey Core, which includes all the common features for the project's virtual appliances,<ref name="TurnKeyCore">{{cite web | title = TurnKey Linux Core - Common Base Appliance | work = TurnKey Linux | url = http://www.turnkeylinux.org/core | accessdate = March 23, 2009 }}</ref> including:

* di-live: a live installer, derived from [[debian-installer]].

* A configuration console: developed in [[Python (programming language)|Python]] for the project to allow users to perform basic configuration tasks (for example, networking configuration, reboots)

* An automatic mechanism that installs security patches on a daily basis.

* Web administration interface based on [[Webmin]] which includes a selection of generic add-on control and configuration modules.

* Web browser based shell

* TKLBAM (TurnKey Linux Backup And Migration)<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklbam TKLBAM - Smart automated backup and restore]</ref> - a custom TKL backup/migration application/service that uses [[Duplicity (software)|Duplicity]] as a backend. By default TKLBAM uses [[Amazon S3]] for storage, but can also be configured to use any other storage medium supported by Duplicity. As of version 1.4 TKLBAM is available for non-TKL Linux OS.

The TurnKey Core has a footprint of approximately 110 MB, and is available as a separate download. Application software is installed on top of the Core, which typically increases the size of a virtual appliance up to approximately 160 MB.<ref name="LinuxDevices2009-03-09">{{cite news | date = March 9, 2009 | title = Open source server appliances ship | work = LinuxDevices.com | url = http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS9199443802.html | accessdateaccess-date = March 23, 2009 |archiveurl archive-url =http https://archive.istoday/9CmgT20130127194545/http://www.linuxfordevices.com/c/a/News/Open-source-server-appliances-ship/ |archivedate archive-date = 27 January 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref> By downloading and installing the appliance package to the hard drive, it is intended by the developers that administrators would gain an easy method of setting up a dedicated server.<ref name="Fransen2009-02-25" />

New software appliances, or customised appliances can be developed by forking the appropriate appliance build code on [[GitHub]]<ref>[https://github.com/turnkeylinux-apps Turnkey Linux Appliance Build code repository]</ref> and then built using TKLDev.<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/docs/tklpatch TKLDev - Appliance Build Engine]</ref> Additionally appliances can also be customized and extended using TKLPatch,<ref>[http://www.turnkeylinux.org/doc/tkldev TKLPatch - a simple appliance customization mechanism]{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> a simple appliance modification mechanism.

TurnKey Linux can be run as a [[virtual machine]] with [[VirtualBox]] and [[VMWare]], although the former has been described as having been provided with more documentation.<ref name="Proffitt2010-02-15">{{cite news | last = Proffitt | first = Brian | date = February 15, 2010 | title = Virtual Appliances Offer Fast Sandboxes, Production Environments | work = ITWorld | url = http://www.itworld.com/open-source/96666/virtual-appliances-offer-fast-sandboxes-production-environments | accessdate = 24 February 2010 }}</ref>

== Screenshots ==

<gallery>

Image:Confconsole0.9.4-1.jpg|Configuration console

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin-system_0 system 0.jpg|Web management interface -– System overview

Image:TurnKey Linux Webmin- mysql- fw.png|Web management interface -– Firewall

<!-- Image:Webshell1.jpg|AJAX web shell -->

</gallery>

== See also ==

{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}

* [[Virtual appliance]]

* [[Software appliance]]

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[[Category:Debian-based_distributionsbased distributions]]

[[Category:Linux package management-related software]]

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