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[[File:Warehouse Conversion - geograph.org.uk - 237219.jpg|thumb|Warehouse conversion to flats in Hull. Development of this type is sometimes allowed under the GPDO.]]
The '''Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015''' ([[SI 2015]]/596) (the "GPDO 2015") is a [[statutory instrument (UK)|statutory instrument]], applying in England, that grants planning permission for certain types of development without the requirement for approval from the local planning authority (such development is then referred to as '''permitted development''').
[[#Schedule 2 of the GPDO 2015|Schedule 2 of the GPDO 2015]] specifies the classes of development for which planning permission is granted, and specifies the exceptions, limitations, and conditions that apply to some of these classes. The GPDO 2015 was made by the Secretary of State under authority granted by sections 59,<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |type=act |year=1990 |chapter=8 |act=Town and Country Planning Act 1990 |section=59 |date=24 May 1990 |accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref> 60,<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |type=act |year=1990 |chapter=8 |act=Town and Country Planning Act 1990 |section=60 |date=24 May 1990 |accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref> and 333<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |type=act |year=1990 |chapter=8 |act=Town and Country Planning Act 1990 |section=333 |date=24 May 1990 |accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref> of the [[Town and Country Planning Act 1990]], and section 54 of the Coal Industry Act 1994.<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |type=act |year=1994 |chapter=21 |act=Coal Industry Act 1994 |section=54 |date=5 July 1994 |accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref> The Order revokes and replaces the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995.<ref>{{Cite legislation UK |type=si |year=2015 |number=596 |si=The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 2015 |article=8 |date=18 March 2015|accessdate=26 August 2023}}</ref>
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==History==
The GPDO 2015 came into force in England on 15 April 2015, and was introduced by Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 596.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 596|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/596/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=5 September 2016}}</ref> The GPDO 2015 revoked the '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995}}''' ([[SI 1995]]/418) (the "GPDO 1995"), in England, which was the previous version of the legislation, and which remains current in Wales.
Since it came into force, the GPDO 2015 has been amended by a number of subsequent statutory instruments, including [[SI 2016]]/332,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2016 No. 332|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/332/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=5 September 2016}}</ref> [[SI 2016]]/1040,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2016 No. 1040|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/1040/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=24 March 2017}}</ref> [[SI 2017]]/391,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2017 No. 391|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/391/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=24 March 2017}}</ref> [[SI 2017]]/619,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2017 No. 619|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2017/619/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref> [[SI 2018]]/343,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2018 No. 343|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/343/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref> [[SI 2019]]/907,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2019 No. 907|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/907/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=5 May 2017}}</ref> [[SI 2020]]/330,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2020 No. 330|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/330/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> [[SI 2020]]/412,<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2020 No. 412|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/412/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=10 April 2020}}</ref> and [[SI 2020]]/632.<ref>{{cite web|title=SI 2020 No. 632|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/632/contents/made|publisher=www.legislation.gov.uk|accessdate=2 July 2020}}</ref>
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{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation = [[SI
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date =
| si_laid_date =
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces =
| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
Line 104:
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation =
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date =
| si_laid_date =
| commencement =
| expiry_date =
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| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
Line 135:
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation = [[SI 1963]]/709
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date = 29 March 1963
| si_laid_date = 8 April 1963
| commencement = 1 May 1963
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1950]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1958]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1960]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment No. 2) Order 1960]]}}
| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act 1962]]}}
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
Line 166:
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1963/709/pdfs/uksi_19630709_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation = [[SI 1973]]/31
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date = 8 January 1973
| si_laid_date = 19 January 1973
| commencement = 1 March 1973
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1963|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1964]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1965]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1967]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1968]]|[[Town and Country Planning General Development (Amendment) Order 1969]]}}
| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act 1971]]}}
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1977}}
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
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| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1973/31/pdfs/uksi_19730031_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation = [[SI 1977]]/289
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date = 22 February 1977
| si_laid_date = 8 March 1977
| commencement = 29 March 1977
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1973}}
| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act 1971]]|[[Local Government Act 1972]]}}
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1973}}
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
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| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1977/289/pdfs/uksi_19770289_en.pdf
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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}}
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title = Town and Country Planning General Development Order
| type = Statutory Instrument
| parliament = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| year =
| citation = [[SI
| introduced_commons =
| introduced_lords =
| territorial_extent = England and Wales
| si_made_date = 21 October 1988
| si_laid_date = 31 October 1988
| commencement = 5 December 1988
| expiry_date =
| repeal_date =
| amends =
| replaces = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1977}}
| primary_legislation = {{ubli|[[Town and Country Planning Act 1971]]|[[Local Government Act 1972]]}}
| eu_directives =
| amendments =
| repealing_legislation = {{ubli|Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995}}
| related_legislation =
| status = revoked
Line 259:
| theyworkforyou =
| millbankhansard =
| original_text = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1988/1813/contents/made
| revised_text =
| use_new_UK-LEG =
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| collapsed = yes
}}
The following list shows all of the versions of the GPDO from 1948 to present:
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1948}}''' ([[SI 1948]]/958)
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1959
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1963
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1973
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1977
* The '''{{visible anchor|Town and Country Planning General Development Order 1988}}''' ([[SI 1988]]/1813)
* The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 ([[SI 1995]]/418)
* The Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 ([[SI 2015]]/596)
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With respect to Wales, householder permitted development is set out by Schedule 2 Part 1 of the GPDO 1995, as amended on 30 September 2013 by [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/wsi/2013/1776/contents/made Statutory Instrument 2013 No. 1776].
In July 2013, the [[Welsh Government]] published a document titled "Technical Guidance: Permitted development for householders",<ref>{{cite web|title=Technical Guidance: Permitted development for householders|url=http://wales.gov.uk/topics/planning/policy/guidanceandleaflets/householder-permitted-development-rights/?skip=1&lang=en|publisher=wales.gov.uk|accessdate=5 September 2016}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which provides advice about how to interpret Part 1. This document was subsequently updated in April 2014.
For the above legislation, a public consultation was undertaken from 23 November 2010 to 15 February 2011.<ref>[http://wales.gov.uk/consultations/planning/hhpdrconsultation/?lang=en Consultation: Proposed Changes to Householder Permitted Development Rights] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417180907/http://wales.gov.uk/consultations/planning/hhpdrconsultation/?lang=en |date=17 April 2012 }}, ''wales.gov.uk.''</ref>
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For the above changes, public consultations were undertaken from 8 April 2011 to 30 June 2011,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/changing-land-use-from-commercial-to-residential Relaxation of planning rules for change of use from commercial to residential: consultation], ''GOV.UK.''</ref> from 3 July 2012 to 11 September 2012,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/reusing-existing-buildings-permitted-development-rights New opportunities for sustainable development and growth through the reuse of existing buildings: consultation], ''GOV.UK''.</ref> from 12 November 2012 to 24 December 2012,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/extending-permitted-development-rights-for-homeowners-and-businesses-technical-consultation Extending permitted development rights for homeowners and businesses: technical consultation], ''GOV.UK.''</ref> from 3 May 2013 to 14 June 2013,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/mobile-connectivity-in-england Mobile connectivity in England: technical consultation], ''GOV.UK''</ref> from 6 August 2013 to 15 October 2013,<ref>[https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/greater-flexibilities-for-change-of-use Greater flexibilities for change of use: consultation]'', GOV.UK.''</ref> from 31 July 2014 to 26 September 2014,<ref name="Technical consultation on planning"/> from 5 March 2015 to 16 April 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amendment to permitted development rights for drilling boreholes for groundwater monitoring for petroleum exploration: technical consultation - GOV.UK|url = https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/amendment-to-permitted-development-rights-for-petroleum-exploration|website = www.gov.uk| date=5 March 2015 |accessdate = 2015-08-24}}</ref> from 13 August 2015 to 24 September 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Amendment to permitted development rights for drilling boreholes for groundwater monitoring for petroleum exploration - GOV.UK|url = https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/further-amendments-to-permitted-development-rights-for-petroleum-exploration-site-investigation-and-monitoring|website = www.gov.uk| date=13 August 2015 |accessdate = 2015-08-24}}</ref> and from 18 February 2016 to 15 April 2016,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Technical consultation on implementation of planning changes - GOV.UK|url = https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/implementation-of-planning-changes-technical-consultation|website = www.gov.uk| date=18 February 2016 |accessdate = 2017-03-24}}</ref> and from 29 October 2018 to 14 January 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Planning Reform: Supporting the high street and increasing the delivery of new homes - GOV.UK|url = https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/planning-reform-supporting-the-high-street-and-increasing-the-delivery-of-new-homes|website = www.gov.uk|accessdate = 2017-03-24}}</ref>
On 25 May 2019 Housing Minister [[Kit Malthouse|Kit Malthouse MP]] announced that temporary changes to Permitted Development Rights, in place since 2012 and due to expire on 30 May 2019, would become permanent.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/housing-minister-announces-boost-for-families-and-high-streets-as-planning-red-tape-is-axed|title=Housing Minister announces boost for families and high streets as planning red tape is axed|website=GOV.UK|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}</ref> In effect the new legislation means home owners can build up to 8 metres projection from the rear wall if building on a detached property (rather than the previous 4 metres) and 6 metres if attached (rather than the previous 3 metres) as Permitted Development. The height restrictions remain at 3 metres height to eaves and 4 metres overall height.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oakshireenvironmental.co.uk/changes-to-permitted-development-rights|title=Why the Government's Recent Change to Permitted Development Rights Is Misguided|last=Environmental|first=Oakshire|website=Oakshire Environmental|language=en|access-date=2019-05-28}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
===Part 3 Class O excluded areas===
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*Greater London: [[London Borough of Camden|Camden]], [[City of London]], [[London Borough of Hackney|Hackney]], [[London Borough of Islington|Islington]], [[London Borough of Kensington and Chelsea|Kensington and Chelsea]], [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]], [[London Borough of Newham|Newham]], [[London Borough of Southwark|Southwark]], [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets|Tower Hamlets]], [[London Borough of Wandsworth|Wandsworth]], [[City of Westminster|Westminster]]
*Outside Greater London: [[Ashford (district)|Ashford]], [[East Hampshire]], [[City of Manchester|Manchester]], [[Sevenoaks District|Sevenoaks]], [[Stevenage]], [[Vale of White Horse]]
In August 2021, the Government replaced Class O Permitted Development Rights with Class MA Permitted Development Rights (see below). The Government announced that [[local planning authority|local planning authorities]] that have an existing Article 4 Direction which restricts the change of use from office space to residential space (under the old O class) would remain valid until
=== Class MA Permitted Development Rights ===
In August 2021, the Government introduced a powerful new Permitted Development Right which allows the change of use of commercial properties within Use Class E to residential uses, without the need for full planning permission, subject to complying with some limitations and criteria.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conversion of Commercial Properties to Residential Uses: Class MA Permitted Development Rights |url=https://www.cedarplanning.co.uk/conversion-of-commercial-properties-to-residential-uses-class-ma-permitted-development-rights |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Cedar Planning |language=en}}</ref> The intention of this Permitted Development Right is twofold; to provide some much needed housing on brownfield sites: and to revive England's high streets by bringing vacant units back into use.
The changes have been met with some resistance by Councils and academics, with some concerned that the quality of housing produced is short of standards which would otherwise be allowed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michael
In March 2024, the Government made changes to further encourage uptake of Class MA Permitted Development Rights. Since the 5th March 2024, buildings no longer need to have been vacant (whereas before they needed to have been vacant for at least 3 months), and there is no limit on the size of properties that can be converted (whereas before the space to be converted needed to be 1,500 sq meters or less).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gove to Loosen Commercial Conversions |url=https://www.cedarplanning.co.uk/gove-to-loosen-commercial-conversions |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=Cedar Planning |language=en}}</ref>
===
In response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|COVID-19 pandemic]], restaurants, cafes and pubs are allowed to provide takeaway food without specific planning permission.<ref>Legislation http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/330/article/4/made</ref>
==="Clarkson's
"Clarkson's
== Legal and environmental considerations ==
Critics of the General Permitted Development Order (GPDO) have raised several concerns regarding its impact on local communities, the environment, and architectural heritage. One of the main critiques is that the GPDO allows certain developments to bypass the usual planning permission processes, which can result in negative outcomes for the character and quality of local areas. This is particularly evident in conservation areas or areas with significant architectural heritage, where alterations may not be subject to the usual scrutiny.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-10 |title=Changes to permitted development rights – Farming |url=https://defrafarming.blog.gov.uk/2024/05/10/changes-to-permitted-development-rights/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=defrafarming.blog.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>
For example, the GPDO allows for the conversion of offices or other commercial properties to residential use without full planning permission. While this can help address housing shortages, it has been criticized for leading to the loss of important historic buildings and architectural features. The lack of full planning review means that important local characteristics, such as traditional facades, street layouts, and architectural styles, might be compromised for the sake of expedience or economic development.
Environmental concerns are also significant. Developments carried out under the GPDO, especially in rural or sensitive environmental areas, may not undergo the thorough Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process that more substantial developments are required to undergo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hammonds |first=Declan |date=2025-01-12 |title=The Ultimate Guide to Permitted Development Rights |url=https://www.triviumland.co.uk/post/permitted-development-rights-uk-guide |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Trivium Land |language=en}}</ref> This can result in harmful environmental impacts that affect local ecosystems, biodiversity, and water management. For instance, new housing or commercial developments in areas near watercourses or wildlife habitats may increase flood risks or disturb wildlife populations without sufficient consideration or mitigation measures.
Local authorities and environmental groups have pointed out that these shortcuts may undermine sustainable development goals, as developments that should ideally have been subject to consultation and detailed environmental reviews instead proceed with limited public input or oversight. This concern is echoed by organisations such as The Guardian, which reported on the growing backlash against certain developments authorized under the GPDO.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tims |first=Anna |date=2019-03-10 |title=The 'absurd' planning loophole that could end up blighting your home |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/mar/10/planning-rules-loophole-home-permitted-development |access-date=2025-01-12 |work=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Furthermore, councils, like those in Dartford, have called for reforms to ensure that local planning authorities retain control over developments that could significantly affect local communities and the environment.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newman |first=Neil |title=Permitted development rights under article 3 |url=https://www.dartford.gov.uk/planning-3/permitted-development-rights-article-3? |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Dartford Borough Council |language=en}}</ref>
The general argument is that while the GPDO streamlines processes and aids economic development, it should not come at the cost of the long-term sustainability and integrity of local areas, particularly in terms of environmental and cultural preservation.
==See also==
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*[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/596/contents/made Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 596 - Original (As made)]
*[http://www.planningportal.gov.uk/permission/ The Planning Portal website - Do you need permission?]
*[http://planningjungle.com/householder-permitted-development/part-1-of-the-gpdo-visual-guide The Planning Jungle website - Part 1 of the GPDO - Visual Guide]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*[http://planningjungle.com/consolidated-versions-of-legislation/gpdo-1995-consolidated/ The Planning Jungle website - GPDO 1995 (Consolidated) (Superseded)]
*[https://www.planninggeek.co.uk/planning/gpdo/ Planning Geek Website - GPDO in simple terms]
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