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m Undid revision 1305407946 by 185.68.219.93 (talk) Not a typo. Although the rook could have moved to any square on the g-file (except g8) to deliver mate on the next move, in this example g1 was chosen, resulting in the checkmate position shown in the diagram. |
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In ''Anastasia's mate'', a [[knight (chess)|knight]] and [[rook (chess)|rook]] team up to trap the opposing king between the side of the board on one side and a friendly piece on the other. Often, the queen is first sacrificed along the a-{{chessgloss|file}} or h-file to achieve the position. A [[Bishop (chess)|bishop]] can be used instead of a knight to the same effect (see [[#Greco's mate|Greco's mate]]). This checkmate gets its name from the novel ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel'' by [[Johann Jakob Wilhelm Heinse]],<ref>The original "Anastasia's mate" appeared in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel: Briefe aus Italien vom Verfasser des Ardinghello'' [Anastasia and Chess: Letters from Italy by the author of ''Ardinghello''] (Frankfurt am Main, (Germany): Tarrentrapp und Wenner, 1803), [https://books.google.com/books?id=LrBAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA211 volume 2, pages 211–213.]<br>
The original "Anastasia's mate" is reproduced in modern notion with illustrations, in: Wilhelm Heinse, ''Anastasia und das Schachspiel … '' (Hamburg, Germany: Jens-Erik Rudolph Verlag, 2010), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3tvTGSgcjmkC&pg=PA162 page 162, example 2.]<br>
Note: Nowadays, "Anastasia's mate" refers to a mate in which the checkmated king is on an edge of the board or in a corner of the board, whereas in the original mate, the king was near the center of the board.</ref>{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=83}} but the novelist took the chess position from an essay by [[Giambattista Lolli]].
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|An archetypal Arabian mate}}
In the ''Arabian mate'', the knight and the rook team up to trap the opposing king on a corner of the board. The rook sits on a square adjacent to the king both to prevent escape along the diagonal and to deliver checkmate while the knight sits two squares away diagonally from the king to prevent escape on the square next to the king and to protect the rook.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=182}}
In addition to being among the most common mating patterns, the Arabian mate is also an important topic in the context of [[history of chess]] for being mentioned in an ancient Arabic manuscript dating from the 8th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=MacEnulty |first1=David |title=My First Book of Checkmate |date=2015 |publisher=Russell Enterprises, Inc. |isbn=9781936490479 |url=https://www.scribd.com/book/266938632/My-First-Book-of-Checkmate-Workbook |access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> The pattern is also derived from an [[shatranj|older form of chess]] in which the knight and the rook were the two most powerful pieces in the game, before chess had migrated to Europe and the queen given its current powers of movement.
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==Bishop and knight mate==
{{Main|Bishop and knight checkmate}}
{{Chess diagram small
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|An archetypal bishop and knight mate
}}
The ''bishop and knight'' mate is one of the four [[Basic checkmate|basic checkmates]] and occurs when the king works together with a bishop and knight to {{chessgloss|forced move|force}} the opponent king to the corner of the board. The bishop and knight endgame can be difficult to master: some positions may require up to 34 moves (if both sides play perfectly) before checkmate can be delivered.
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''Blackburne's mate'' is named for [[Joseph Henry Blackburne]] and is a rare method of checkmating. The checkmate utilizes enemy pieces (typically a rook) and/or the edge of the board, together with a friendly knight, to confine the enemy king's sideways escape, while a friendly bishop pair takes the remaining two diagonals off from the enemy king.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=94}} Threatening Blackburne's mate, which sometimes goes in conjunction with a queen sacrifice, can be used to weaken Black's position.
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The ''blind swine mate'' pattern's name is attributed to Polish master [[Dawid Janowski]] who referred to {{chessgloss|doubled rooks}} on a player's 7th rank as "swine".<ref>MacEnulty, David, ''The Chess Kid's Book of Checkmate'', chap. 21 – The Blind Swine Checkmate, pp. 29–30, Random House Puzzles & Games, 2004, {{ISBN|0812935942}}, 9780812935943</ref>
In the first diagram with White to play, White can force checkmate as follows:
:'''1. Rxg7+ Kh8'''
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:'''3. Rbg7{{chessAN|#}}'''
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|An archetypal Boden's mate}}
''[[Boden's mate]]'' involves two attacking bishops on criss-crossing diagonals delivering checkmate to a king obstructed by friendly pieces, usually a rook and a pawn.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=89}}<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1262425 R. Schulder vs. Samuel Boden] (London, 1853).</ref>
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|An archetypal Damiano's mate}}
''Damiano's mate'' is a classic method of checkmating and one of the oldest. It works by confining the king with a pawn and using a queen to execute the checkmate. Damiano's mate is often arrived at by first [[sacrifice (chess)|sacrificing]] a rook on the h-file, then checking the king with the queen on the a-file or h-file, and then moving in for the mate. The checkmate was first published by [[Pedro Damiano]] in 1512.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=136}} In Damiano's publication he failed to place the white king on the [[chessboard|board]] which resulted in it not being entered into many chess databases due to their rejection of illegal positions.
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==Dovetail mate (Cozio's mate) <span class="anchor" id="Dovetail mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="Cozio's mate"></span>==
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|Mate in one, White to move. The solution, 1.Qg6#, is an epaulette mate.
}}
The ''epaulette mate'' is, in its broadest definition, a [[checkmate]] where two parallel retreat squares for a [[Check (chess)|checked]] king are occupied by its own pieces, preventing its escape.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=46}} The most common epaulette mate involves the king on its {{chessgloss|back rank}}, trapped between two rooks.<ref name="about">[http://www.mark-weeks.com/aboutcom/aa03e24.htm " Checkmates with Names"], Mark Weeks, About.com: Chess</ref> The perceived visual similarity between the rooks and ''[[epaulette]]s'', ornamental shoulder pieces worn on [[military uniform]]s, gives the checkmate its name.<ref name="about"/> In a compendium of problems by [[László Polgár]], two elementary mate-in-one problems were given, with the solutions being epaulette mates.<ref name="Polgár">{{cite book |last=Polgár |first=László |title=Chess: 5334 Problems, Combinations, and Games |year=1994 |publisher=Tess Press |pages=76, 87, 1042 |isbn=9781579121303}} Problem numbers 127 and 193.</ref>
;Example game
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|An archetypal Greco's mate}}
''Greco's mate'' is a common method of checkmating. The checkmate is named after the famous Italian checkmate cataloguer [[Gioachino Greco]]. It works by using the bishop to contain the black king by use of the black g-pawn and subsequently using the queen or a rook to checkmate the king by moving it to the edge of the board.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=75}}
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|Checkmate with a king and two knights, but it cannot be forced.}}
In a [[two knights endgame]], the side with the king and two knights {{em|cannot}} checkmate a bare king by {{chessgloss|forced mate|force}}. This endgame should be a [[draw (chess)|draw]] if the bare king plays correctly. A mate
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==Ladder mate (lawnmower mate) <span class="anchor" id="ladder mate"></span><span class="anchor" id="lawnmower mate"></span>==
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==Max Lange's mate==
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{{Chess diagram small
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| White mates in 4 moves
| | | | | | | |kd
| | | | | | |pd|
| | | | | | | |pd
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|ql| |bl| | | | |
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| 1.Qe8+ Kh7 2.Bg8+ Kh8 3.Bf7+ Kh7 4.Qg8#
}}
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{{Chess diagram small
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| An archetypal Max Lange's mate
| | | | | | |ql|
| | | | | |bl|pd|kd
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| Final position after 4 moves}}
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{{Chess diagram small
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| Anderssen vs. Lange, 1859
|rd| | | |kd| | |
|pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|
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| | |bd|pd|pl| | |pl
| | | | |qd| | |
| |bl| |pd| |ql| |
|pl|pl|pl|pl| | |pl|
|rl|nl|bl| | | | |kl
| 17...Qh4+ 18.Qh3 Qe1+ 19.Kh2 Bg1+ 20.Kh1 Bf2+ 21.Kh2 Qg1#
}}
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''Max Lange's mate'' is named after [[Max Lange]], who first used it in a game against [[Adolf Anderssen]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Anderssen vs. Lange, 1859 |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019074 |website=[[Chessgames.com]] |access-date=11 April 2025}}</ref> In this mating pattern, the queen delivers the check, supported by a bishop that both defends the queen and covers an escape square.
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|An archetypal Mayet's mate}}
''Mayet's mate'' involves the use of a rook attacking the black king supported by a bishop. It often comes about after the black king [[castling|castles]] on its {{chessgloss|kingside}} in a [[fianchetto]] position. White usually arrives at this position after a series of sacrifices on the a-file or h-file. It is a type of [[#Anderssen's mate|Anderssen's mate]] and closely resembles the [[#Opera mate|Opera mate]]. The "h-file" mate is an apt description, but the pattern is properly called "Mayet's mate" after the German player [[Carl Mayet]]. See variation description in Anderssen's mate given above.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=107}}
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''Morphy's mate'' is a common method of checkmating. It was named after [[Paul Morphy]]. It works by using the bishop to attack the black king and a rook and Black's own pawn to confine it.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=142}}<ref>This mate derives from the game [http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1242884 Louis Paulsen vs. Paul Morphy] (November 8, 1857 in New York City, New York (First American Chess Congress)). Morphy did not use this mating pattern to defeat Paulsen; instead, Morphy sacrificed his queen to remove the pawn in front of White's castled king, exposing the king to series of checks by Black's rook and bishop. (Morphy then added more pieces to the attack against White's king, rendering White's position hopeless; so White resigned.)</ref> In many respects it is very similar to the [[#Corner mate|corner mate]].
Note that for a bishop on f6, capturing on f7 is incorrect since upon giving the rook retreat, the black rook would simply capture the bishop.
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==Opera mate==
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==Pawn mate (David and Goliath mate) <span class="anchor" id="pawn mate"></span>==
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''Pillsbury's mate''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Dqg7p3oB9P0C&dq=Pillsbury%27s+mate+chess&pg=PA205] Teach Yourself Visually Chess By Jon Edwards</ref> is a common method of checkmating and is named for [[Harry Nelson Pillsbury]]. It works by attacking the king with the rook while the bishop is cutting off the king.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=128}} It is very similar to Morphy's Mate, in fact in some ways they are interchangeable, the main difference is that in Pillsbury's mate, the bishop could be on h6.
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|A typical smothered mate}}
''[[Smothered mate]]'' is a common method of checkmating. It occurs when a knight checkmates a king that is smothered (surrounded) by his friendly pieces and he has nowhere to move nor is there any way to capture the knight.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=35}} One common checkmating pattern finishing with a smothered mate is known as ''Philidor's Legacy'' after [[François-André Danican Philidor]], though its documentation predates Philidor by several hundred years.<ref name="Golladay2007">{{cite book|author=Sonja Musser Golladay|title=Los Libros de Acedrex Dados E Tablas: Historical, Artistic and Metaphysical Dimensions of Alfonso X's "Book of Games".|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aImR3uIw0kwC&pg=PA278|year=2007|isbn=978-0-549-27434-6|pages=278–}}</ref>
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==Stamma's mate==
{{chess diagram-fen
|fen=8/8/8/8/8/p2N4/k1K5/8
|size=23
|align=tright
|reverse=false
|header=Stamma's mate
|footer=White wins with either side to move.
}}
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|Stamma's mate
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|White wins with either side to move.
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Stamma's mate (named for [[Philipp Stamma]]) is a rare endgame pattern in which a player is able to force mate with only a king and knight, due to the opponent's king being trapped in front of an advanced rook's pawn.
In the diagram, White to move wins:<ref>{{harvnb|Emms|2004|p=122}}</ref>
: '''1. Nb4+ Ka1'''
: '''2. Kc1 a2'''
: '''3. Nc2#'''
White also wins if Black is to move first:
: '''1... Ka1'''
: '''2. Nc1 a2'''
: '''3. Nb3#'''
==Suffocation mate==
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==Swallow's tail mate (guéridon mate)
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The ''swallow's tail mate'', also known as the ''guéridon mate'', is a common method of checkmating. It works by attacking the enemy king with a queen that is protected by a rook or other piece. The enemy king's own pieces (in this example, rooks) block its means of escape.{{sfn|Renaud|Kahn|1962|p=44}} It resembles the [[#Epaulette mate|epaulette mate]].
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|An archetypal Vuković's mate}}
''Vuković’s mate'' is a mate involving a protected rook which delivers checkmate to the king at the edge of the board, while a knight covers the remaining escape squares of the king. The rook is usually protected with either the king or a pawn.<ref name="Vuković">[https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1030348] Chess Games, Vuković Mate Examples</ref>
This pattern was famously used by 13-year-old [[Bobby Fischer]] in 1956 to checkmate [[Donald Byrne]] in what is now commonly known as the [[Game of the Century (chess)|Game of the Century]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1008361 |title=Donald Byrne vs. Robert James Fischer |website=[[Chessgames.com]] }} </ref>
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*[[Fool's mate]]
*[[Scholar's mate]]
==References==
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|publication-place = New York
|publication-date = 1953
<!-- |isbn = 0-486-20106-6 -->
}}
*{{cite book
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|url = https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00schi
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Emms
|first = John
|author-link = John Emms (chessmaster)
|year = 2004
|title = Starting Out: Minor Piece Endgames
|publisher = [[Everyman Chess]]
|isbn= 1-85744-359-4
}}
==Further reading==
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==External links==
[https://lichess.org/practice Checkmate patterns practice] [[Lichess]]
{{Chess|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Chess checkmates]]
[[Category:Chess terminology]]
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