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{{Short description|Memory used temporarily in data transfers}}
{{redirect distinguish|Memory buffer|memory buffer register}}
In [[computer science]], a '''data buffer''' (or just '''buffer''') is a region of memory used to store [[data]] temporarily while it is being moved from one place to another. Typically, the data is stored in a buffer as it is retrieved from an [[input device]] (such as a microphone) or just before it is sent to an output device (such as speakers); however, a buffer may be used when data is moved between [[process (computing)|processes]] within a computer, comparable to buffers in telecommunication. Buffers can be implemented in a fixed memory ___location in hardware or by using a virtual data buffer in software that points at a ___location in the physical memory.
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* Allowing timing corrections to be made on a [[data stream]].
* Collecting [[Binary numeral system|binary]] data bits into groups that can then be operated on as a unit.
* Delaying the transit time of a
==Examples==
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*The buffer between a serial port ([[Universal asynchronous receiver-transmitter|UART]]) and a [[modem]]. The [[COM port]] speed may be 38400 bit/s while the modem may have only a 14400 bit/s [[carrier wave|carrier]].
*The integrated [[disk buffer]] on a hard disk drive, solid state drive or BD/DVD/CD drive.
*The integrated [[Static random-access memory|SRAM]] buffer on an [[Ethernet adapter]].<ref> https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/82576eb-gigabit-ethernet-controller-datasheet.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2025}}</ref>
*The [[Windows NT kernel]] also manages a portion of [[main memory]] as the buffer for slower devices such as [[sound card]]s and [[network interface controller]]s.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/netcx/network-data-buffer-management | title=Network data buffer management - Windows drivers }}</ref><ref>https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/ee416820%28v=vs.85%29</ref>
*The [[framebuffer]] on a video card.
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