Lithuanians and Félix Guattari: Difference between pages

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:''This article is about the ethnic group called Lithuanians. For the inhabitants of [[Lithuania]], see [[Demographics of Lithuania]].''

{{Infobox_Philosopher |

{{ethnic group|

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|group=Lithuanians

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|image=[[Image:Ilgauskas101.jpg|66px]][[Image:Vydunas - 200 litai.jpg|77px]][[Image:Ciurlionis.jpg|75px]]

region = Western Philosophy|

era = [[20th-century philosophy]]|

color = #B0C4DE|

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image_name = Guattari2.jpg|

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|poptime= 4 - 5 million (est.)

name = Pierre-Félix Guattari|

|popplace= [[Lithuania]]

birth = [[April 30]], [[1930]] ([[Villeneuve-les-Sablons]], [[Oise]], [[France]])|

Elsewhere in [[Europe]]: [http://www.joshuaproject.net/peoples.php?rop3=105803&sf=population&so=asc]

death = [[August 29]], [[1992]] ([[La Borde clinic]], [[Cour-Cheverny]], [[France]])|

school_tradition = [[Psychoanalysis]], [[Autonomism]] |

[[Russia]]:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 76,000<br />

main_interests = [[Psychoanalysis]], [[Politics]], [[Ecology]], [[Semiotics]]|

[[Ireland]]:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 45,000<br /> [http://www.ireland.com/timeseye/whoweare/p3top.htm/peoples.php?rop3=105803&sf=population&so=asc]

influences = [[Freud]], [[Lacan]], [[Gregory Bateson|Bateson]], [[Sartre]], [[Hjelmslev]]|

influenced = [[Eric Alliez]], [[Michael Hardt]], [[Brian Massumi]], [[Antonio Negri]] |

[[Germany]]:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 40,000<br />

notable_ideas = [[assemblage]], [[desiring machine]], [[deterritorialization]], [[ecosophy]], [[schizoanalysis]]|

[[Latvia]]:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 33,000<br />

[[Poland]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 25,000<br />

[[Ukraine]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 11,000<br />

[[Belarus]]:<br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 9,900<br />

Rest of the World:

*[[United States]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 659,992<br />[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U]

*[[Brazil]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 800,000<br />[http://www.historica.arquivoestado.sp.gov.br/materias/materia01/texto01.pdf]

*[[Canada]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 36,485<br />[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/highlight/ETO/Table1.cfm?Lang=E&T=501&GV=1&GID=0]

*[[Australia]]: <br> &nbsp;&nbsp; 12,317<br />[http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/free.nsf/Lookup/C41A78D7568811B9CA256E9D0077CA12/$File/20540_2001%20(corrigendum).pdf]

|rels=[[Roman Catholicism]]

|langs=[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]

|related=[[Latvians]]

}}

'''Pierre-Félix Guattari''' ([[April 30]], [[1930]] – [[August 29]], [[1992]]) was a [[France|French]] [[militant]], institutional [[psychotherapist]] and [[philosopher]], a founder of both [[schizoanalysis]] and [[ecosophy]]. Guattari is best known for his intellectual collaborations with [[Gilles Deleuze]], most notably ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972) and ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1980).

==Biography==

'''Lithuanians''' are the [[Balts|Baltic]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Lithuania]], where they number a little over 3 million [https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/lh.html]. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian [[diaspora]], largely found in countries such as the [[United States]], [[Brazil]], [[Canada]] and [[Russia]]. Their native language is [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], one of only two surviving members of the [[Baltic language]] family. According to the census conducted in 2001, 83.45% of the population of Lithuania proper identified themselves as Lithuanians, 6.74% as [[Poles]], 6.31% as [[Russians]], 1.23% as [[Belarusians]], and 2.27% as members of other ethnic groups. Most Lithuanians belong to the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. The [[Lietuvininks|Lietuvininkai]], the residents of the part of the Lithuanian nation near the former German-Lithuanian border, were mostly [[Lutherans]].

=== Clinic of La Borde ===

Born in Villeneuve-les-Sablons, [[Oise]], [[France]].{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Guattari was encouraged by psychiatrist [[Jean Oury]] towards the practice of [[psychiatry]], becoming impassioned from 1950 towards that field.{{Fact|date=February 2007}} Due to his frustrations with the theories and methods of French [[psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan]] — who both taught and analysed Guattari in the 1950s – Guattari became convinced that he needed to continue exploring as vast an array of domains as possible ([[philosophy]], [[ethnology]], [[linguistics]], [[architecture]], etc.,) in order to better define the orientation, delimitation and psychiatric efficacy of the practice. Guattari would later proclaim that psychoanalysis is "the best [[capitalist]] drug" because in it desire is confined to a couch: desire, in Lacanian psychoanalysis, is an energy that is contained rather than one that, if freed, could militantly engage itself in something different. He continued this research, collaborating in Jean Oury's private clinic of [[La Borde clinic|La Borde]] at Court-Cheverny, one of the main centers of institutional psychotherapy at the time. La Borde was a venue for conversation amongst innumerable students of philosophy, psychology, ethnology, and [[social work]]. La Borde was Félix Guattari's principal anchoring until he died of a heart attack in [[1992]].

== History ==

The territory of the Balts, including modern Lithuania, was once inhabited by several Baltic tribal entities ([[Sudovians]], [[Lamatians]], [[Curonians]], [[Selonians]], [[Samogitians]], [[Nadruvians]] and others), as attested by ancient sources and dating from prehistoric times. Over the centuries, and especially under the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], some of these tribes consolidated into the Lithuanian nation, mainly as a defense against the marauding Teutonic Order and Muscovite Russians. During the process they converted suddenly to [[Christianity]]. Lithuanians were the last surviving non-nomadic European nation to abandon [[paganism]].

Since the time of Grand Duchy, Lithuanian territory has shrunk - once Lithuanians made up a majority of population not only in what is now [[Lithuania]], but also in northwestern [[Belarus]], in large areas of the territory of modern [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] of [[Russia]], and in some parts of modern [[Latvia]] and [[Poland]].

However, due to a late medieval view that the Lithuanian language was unprestigious, a preference for the Polish language in the territories of the [[Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth]], as well as a preference for the [[German language]] in the territories of the former [[East Prussia]] (now [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] of [[Russia]]), the number of Lithuanian speakers shrank. The subsequent [[Imperial Russia|imperial Russian]] occupation accelerated this process; it was part of the policy of "Rrussification", which included a ban on public speaking and writing in Lithuanian (see, e.g., "[[Knygnešiai]]"), the actions against the Catholic church). It was believed by some at the time that the nation as such, along with its language, would become extinct within a few generations.

At the end of the [[19th century]] a Lithuanian cultural and linguistic revival occurred. Some of the Polish- and Belarusian-speaking Lithuanians still affiliated themselves with the Lithuanian nation, although others did not. Lithuania declared independence after [[World War I]], which helped its national consolidation. A standard Lithuanian language was approved. However, the eastern parts of Lithuania, including the [[Vilnius region]], were occupied by [[Poland]], while the western areas were controlled by [[Germany]]. In 1940, Lithuania was invaded and occupied by the [[Soviet Union]], and forced to join it as the [[Lithuanian SSR]]. The Germans and their allies attacked the U.S.S.R. in June 1941, and from 1941-1944, Lithuania was occupied by Germany. The Germans retreated in 1944, and that occupier was replaced by another, and Lithuania was under the Soviet yoke. The long-standing communities of Lithuanians in the [[Kaliningrad Oblast]] ("''[[Lithuania Minor]]''"), and in the [[Belarusian SSR]], were almost destroyed as a result.

The Lithuanian nation as such, remained primarily in Lithuania, in a few villages in [[Poland]] and [[Latvia]], and also in the hearts and minds of a diaspora of emigrants. Some indigenous Lithuanians still remain in Belarus and Kaliningrad Oblast, but their number is small compared to what they used to be. Lithuania regained its independence in [[1990]], and was recognized by most countries in [[1991]]. It became a member of the [[European Union]] on [[May 1]], [[2004]]. A low birth rate and increased emigration after joining EU is threatening the nation's future.

==Ethnic composition of Lithuania==

''Main Article: [[Demographics of Lithuania]]''

Among the [[Baltic states]], Lithuania has the most homogeneous population. According to the census conducted in 2001, 83.45% of the population identified themselves as Lithuanians, 6.74% as [[Poles]], 6.31% as [[Russians]], 1.23% as [[Belarusians]], and 2.27% as members of other ethnic groups.

Poles are concentrated in the [[Vilnius region]], the area controlled by Poland in the interwar period. Especially large Polish communities are located in the [[Vilnius district municipality]] (61.3% of the population) and the [[Šalčininkai district municipality]] (79.5%). Such concentration allows [[Election Action of Lithuania's Poles]], an ethnic minority-based political party, to exert political influence. This party has held 1 or 2 seats in the parliament of Lithuania for the past decade. The party is more active in local politics and controls several municipality councils.

Russians, even though they are almost as numerous as Poles, are much more evenly scattered and do not have a strong political party. The most prominent community lives in [[Visaginas city municipality]] (52%). Most of them are scientists who moved from Russia to work in the [[Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant]]. Lithuania is noted for its success in limiting Russian worker migration during the Soviet occupation (1945-1990). A number of ethnic Russians left Lithuania after the declaration of independence in 1990.

In the past, the ethnic composition of Lithuania has varied dramatically. The most prominent change was the extermination of the [[Jews|Jewish]] population during [[the Holocaust]]. Before [[World War II]], about 7.5% of the population was Jewish; they were concentrated in cities and towns and had a significant influence on crafts and business. They were called Litvaks and had a strong culture. The population of Vilnius, which was sometimes nicknamed "the Northern [[Jerusalem]]", was about 30% Jewish. Almost all its Jews were killed during the [[Nazi Germany]] occupation or later emigrated to the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. Now there are only about 4,000 Jews living in Lithuania.

=== Cultural Subgroups ===

Apart from the various religious and ethnic groups currently residing in Lithuania, Lithuanians themselves are usually divided into 5 groups: [[Samogitians]], [[Sudovians]], [[Aukštaitians]], [[Dzūkians]] and [[Lietuvininks]], the last of which is extinct. City dwellers are usually considered just Lithuanians, especially ones from large cities such as [[Vilnius]] or [[Kaunas]].

The five groups are delineated according to certain region-specific traditions, dialects, and historical divisions. There are some stereotypes used in jokes about these subgroups, for example, Sudovians are supposedly frugal while Samogitians are stubborn.

== Genetics ==

Lithuanians are among the tallest people in the world. The average height of males is 181.3 cm, females - 167.5 cm. Height acceleration was fast through the 20th century, although the rate of increase has slowed. By the end of the 19th century, the average height of males was 163.5 cm and height of females was 153.3 cm. <ref name="Tutkuviene">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15830586&dopt=Abstract J. Tutkuviene. ''Sex and gender differences in secular trend of body size and frame indices of Lithuanians''. Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die biologisch-anthropologische Literatur. 2005 Mar;63(1):29-44.]</ref>

=== Lithuanian1960s Diasporato 1970s ===

Apart from the traditional communities in Lithuania and its neighboring countries, Lithuanians have emigrated to other continents during the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries.

From 1955 to 1965, Félix Guattari animated the [[trotskyist]] group ''Voie Communiste'' ("Communist Way"). He would then support [[anticolonialist]] struggles as well as the Italian ''[[Autonomists]]''. Guattari also took part in the movement of the psychological G.T., which gathered many psychiatrists at the beginning of the sixties and created the Association of Institutional Psychotherapy in November [[1965]]. It was at the same time that he founded, along with other militants, the F.G.E.R.I. (Federation of Groups for Institutional Study & Research) and its review research, working on philosophy, mathematics, psychoanalysis, education, architecture, ethnology, etc. The F.G.E.R.I. came to represent aspects of the multiple political and cultural engagements of Félix Guattari: the Group for Young Hispanics, the Franco-Chinese Friendships (in the times of the popular communes), the opposition activities with the wars in [[Algerian War of Independence|Algeria]] and Vietnam, the participation in the M.N.E.F., with the U.N.E.F., the policy of the offices of psychological academic aid (B.A.P.U.), the organisation of the University Working Groups (G.T.U.), but also the reorganizations of the training courses with the Centers of Training to the Methods of Education Activities (C.E.M.E.A.) for psychiatric male nurses, as well as the formation of Friendly Male Nurses (Amicales d'infirmiers) (in [[1958]]), the studies on architecture and the projects of construction of a day hospital of for "students and young workers".

*Communities in the United States make up the largest part of this ''diaspora''; up to one million Lithuanians live in the USA. Emigration to America began in the 19th century, with an interruption during the Soviet occupation, when travel and emigration were severely restricted.

*Lithuanian communities in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Uruguay) developed before World War II, beginning in the late 19th and early 20th century. Currently, there is no longer a flow of emmigrants to these destinations, since economic conditions in those countries are not better than those in Lithuania (see [[Lithuanians in Brazil]]).

*Lithuanian communities in other regions of the former Soviet Union were formed during the Soviet occupation; the numbers of Lithuanians in [[Siberia]] and [[Central Asia]] increased dramatically when a large portion of Lithuanians were involuntarily deported into these areas. After [[deStalinization]], however, most of them returned. Later, some Lithuanians were relocated to work in other areas of the [[Soviet Union]];, some of them did not return to Lithuania, after it became independent.

*The Lithuanian communities in Western Europe (UK, [[Lithuanians in Ireland|Ireland]], Spain, Sweden, and Norway) are very new and began to appear after the restoration of independence to Lithuania in 1990; this emigration intensified after Lithuania became part of the [[European Union]] It should be noted that London and Glasgow had large Lithuanian Catholic and Jewish populations earlier.

*Lithuanian communities in Australia exist as well; due to its great distance from Europe, however, emigration there was minuscule. There are Lithuanian communities in [[Melbourne]], [[Geelong]], [[Brisbane]] and [[Sydney]].

Guattari was involved in the [[events of May 1968]], starting from the [[Movement of March 22]]. It was in the aftermath of 1968 that Guattari met [[Gilles Deleuze]] at the [[University of Vincennes]] and began to lay the ground-work for the soon to be infamous ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1972), which [[Michel Foucault]] described as "an introduction to the non-fascist life" in his preface to the book. Throughout his career it may be said that his writings were at all times correspondent in one fashion or another with sociopolitical and cultural engagements. In 1967, he appeared as one of the founders of OSARLA (Organization of solidarity and Aid to the Latin-American Revolution). It was with the head office of the F.G.E.R.I. that he met, in [[1968]], [[Daniel Cohn-Bendit]], [[Jean-Jacques Lebel]], and [[Julian Beck]]. In [[1970]], he created C.E.R.F.I. (Center for the Study and Research of Institutional Formation), which takes the direction of the Recherches review. In 1977, he created the CINEL for "new spaces of freedom" before joining in the 1980s the [[ecological]] movement with his "[[ecosophy]]".

== Culture and Traditions ==

The Lithuanian national sport is usually considered to be [[basketball]], which is popular among Lithuanians in Lithuania as well as in the diasporic communities. Basketball came to Lithuania through the Lithuanian-American community in the [[thirties]]. Lithuanian basketball teams were bronze medal winners in the [[1992]], [[1996]], and [[2000]] Summer Olympics.

=== 1980s to 1990s ===

[[Joninės]] (also known as [[Rasos]]) is a traditional national holiday, celebrated on the summer solstice. It has pagan origins. The [[Užgavėnės]] holiday occurs before [[Ash Wednesday]], and is meant to urge the retreat of [[winter]]. There are also national traditions for Christian holidays such as [[Easter]] and [[Christmas]].

In his last book, ''Chaosmose'' ([[1992]]), the topic of which is already partially developed in ''What is Philosophy?'' (1991, with Deleuze), Félix Guattari takes again his essential topic: the question of subjectivity. "How to produce it, collect it, enrich it, reinvent it permanently in order to make it compatible with mutant Universes of value?" This idea returns like a leitmotiv, from ''Psychanalyse and transversality'' (a regrouping of articles from [[1957]] to [[1972]]) through ''Années d'hiver'' ([[1980]] - [[1986]]) and ''Cartographies Schizoanalytique'' ([[1989]]). He insists on the function of "a-signification", which plays the role of support for a subjectivity in act, starting from four parameters: "significative and [[semiotic]] flows, Phylum of Machinic Propositions, Existential Territories and Incorporeal Universes of Reference."

=== Lithuanian Cuisine ===

''Main Article: [[Lithuanian cuisine]]''

In 1995, the posthumous release ''Chaosophy'' featured Guattari's first collection of essays and interviews focuses on the French anti-psychiatrist and theorist's work as director of the experimental La Borde clinic and collaborator of philosopher Gilles Deleuze. ''Chaosophy'' is a groundbreaking introduction to Guattari's theories on "schizo-analysis", a process meant to replace [[Sigmund Freud]]'s interpretation with a more pragmatic, experimental, and collective approach rooted in reality. Unlike Freud, Guattari believes that [[schizophrenia]] is an extreme mental state co-existent with the capitalist system itself. But capitalism keeps enforcing [[neurosis]] as a way of maintaining normality. Guattari's post-Marxist vision of capitalism provides a new definition not only of mental illness, but also of micropolitical means of subversion. It includes key essays such as "Balance-Sheet Program for Desiring Machines," cosigned by Deleuze (with whom he coauthored Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus), and the provocative "Everybody Wants To Be a Fascist."

Lithuanian cuisine features the products suited to its cool and moist northern climate: barley, potatoes, rye, beets, greens, and mushrooms are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialties. Since it shares its [[climate]] and agricultural practices with [[Eastern Europe]], Lithuanian cuisine has much in common with other Eastern European and Jewish cuisines. Nevertheless, it has its own peculiarities, which were formed by a variety of influences during the country's long and difficult history.

''Soft Subversions'' is another collection of Félix Guattari's essays, lectures, and interviews traces the militant anti-psychiatrist and theorist's thought and activity throughout the 1980s ("the winter years"). Concepts such as "micropolitics," "schizoanalysis," and "becoming-woman" open up new horizons for political and creative resistance in the "postmedia era." Guattari's energetic analyses of art, cinema, youth culture, economics, and power formations introduce a radically inventive thought process engaged in liberating subjectivity from the standardizing and homogenizing processes of global capitalism.

Because of their long common history, Lithuanians and Poles share many dishes and beverages. Thus there are similar Lithuanian and Polish versions of dumplings ([[pierogi]] or ''koldūnai''), doughnuts ([[pączki]] or ''spurgos''), and crepes ([[blini]] or ''blynai''). [[Germany|German]] traditions also influenced Lithuanian cuisine, introducing many pork and potato dishes, such as potato pudding ([[kugelis]]), and potato sausages ([[vėdarai]]). The most exotic of all the influences is Eastern ([[Karaite cuisine]]), and such dishes as [[kibinai]] and [[čeburekai]] are popular in Lithuania. The popular "Torte Napoleon" was introduced during the Franco-Russian wars in the 19th century.

== Bibliography ==

The Soviet occupation badly damaged Lithuanian cuisine because of the continual shortages of food and the constraints of traditional culture. But after the restoration of independence in 1990, traditional cuisine became one of the ways to celebrate Lithuanian identity. <!-- Lithuania was rather isolated from the rest of the world during the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] occupation, but since its neo-independence in 1990 worldly culinary influences have entered Lithuania.? -->

=== Works published in English ===

*''Molecular Revolution: Psychiatry and Politics'' (1984). Trans. Rosemary Sheed. Selected essays from ''Psychanalyse et transversalité'' (1972) and ''La révolution moléculaire'' (1977).

[[Cepelinai]], a stuffed potato creation, is the most famous national dish. It is popular among Lithuanians all over the world. Other national foods include dark [[rye bread]], cold beet soup ([[borscht]], or šaltibarščiai), and [[kugelis]] (a baked potato pudding). Some of these foods are also common in neighboring countries. [[Lithuanian cuisine]] is generally unknown outside Lithuanian communities. Most Lithuanian restaurants outside Lithuania are located in areas with a heavy Lithuanian presence.

*''Les Trois écologies'' (1989). Trans. ''The Three Ecologies.'' Partial translation by Chris Turner (Paris: Galilee, 1989), full translation by Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton (London: The Athlone Press, 2000).

*''Chaosmose'' (1992). Trans. ''Chaosmosis: an ethico-aesthetic paradigm'' (1995).

*''Chaosophy'' (1995), ed. Sylvere Lotringer. Collected essays and interviews.

*''Soft Subversions'' (1996), ed. Sylvere Lotringer. Collected essays and interviews.

*''The Guattari Reader'' (1996), ed. Gary Genosko. Collected essays and interviews.

*''Ecrits pour L'Anti-Œdipe'' (2004), ed. Stéphane Nadaud. Trans. ''The Anti-Œdipus Papers'' (2006). Collection of texts written between 1969 and 1972.

*''Chaos and Complexity'' (Forthcoming 2008, MIT Press). Collected essays and interviews.

In collaboration with [[Gilles Deleuze]]:

Lithuanians are among the thinnest people in the developed countries of the world.<ref>Lissau, I., et al., [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14706954 Body mass index and overweight in adolescents in 13 European countries, Israel, and the United States] (Abstract), ''Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine'', 2004 Jan; 158(1):27-33.</ref> The emphasis of Lithuanian cuisine is on attractive presentation of freshly prepared foods.

*''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 1. L'Anti-Œdipe'' (1972). Trans. ''[[Anti-Oedipus]]'' (1977).

Locally brewed [[beer]], [[vodka]], and [[kvass]] are popular drinks in Lithuania. [[Starka]] is a part of the Lithuanian heritage, but it is no longer produced in Lithuania.

*''Kafka: Pour une Littérature Mineure'' (1975). Trans. ''Kafka: Toward a Theory of Minor Literature'' (1986).

*''Rhizome: introduction'' (Paris: Minuit, 1976). Trans. "Rhizome," in ''Ideology and Consciousness'' 8 (Spring, 1981): 49-71. This is an early version of what became the introductory chapter in ''Mille Plateaux.''

*''Capitalisme et Schizophrénie 2. Mille Plateaux'' (1980). Trans. ''[[A Thousand Plateaus]]'' (1987).

*''On the Line'' (1983). Contains translations of "Rhizome," and "Politics" ("Many Politics") by Deleuze and Parnet.

*''Nomadology: The War Machine.'' (1986). Translation of "Plateau 12," ''Mille Plateaux.''

*''Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?'' (1991). Trans. ''What Is Philosophy?'' (1996).

Other collaborations:

===Lithuanian literature===

''Main Article: [[Lithuanian literature]]''

*''Les nouveaux espaces de liberté'' (1985). Trans. ''Communists Like Us'' (1990). With [[Antonio Negri]].

When the ban against printing the Lithuanian language was lifted in [[1904]], various European literary movements such as [[symbolism]], [[impressionism]], and [[expressionism]] each in turn influenced the work of Lithuanian writers. The first period of Lithuanian independence (1918-40) gave them the opportunity to examine themselves and their characters more deeply, as their primary concerns were no longer political. An outstanding figure of the early 20th century was [[Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius]], a novelist and dramatist. His many works include ''Dainavos šalies senų žmonių padavimai'' (Old Folks Tales of Dainava, 1912) and the historical dramas '' Šarūnas'' (1911), ''Skirgaila'' (1925), and ''Mindaugo mirtis'' (The Death of Mindaugas, 1935). [[Petras Vaičiūnas]] was another popular playwright, producing one play each year during the 1920s and '30s. [[Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas]] wrote lyric poetry, plays, and novels, including the novel ''Altorių šešėly'' (In the Shadows of the Altars, 3 vol., 1933), a remarkably powerful autobiographical novel.

*''Micropolitica: Cartografias do Desejo'' (1986). Trans. ''Molecular Revolution in Brazil'' (Forthcoming October 2007, MIT Press). With Suely Rolnik.

*''The party without bosses'' (2003), by Gary Genosko. Features a 1982 conversation between Guattari and [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]], the current [[President of Brazil]].

=== Works untranslated into English ===

''[[Keturi vėjai]]'' movement started with publication of ''The Prophet of the Four Winds'' by talented poet [[Kazys Binkis]] (1893–1942). It was rebellion against traditional poetry. The theoretical basis of ''Keturi vėjai'' initially was [[Futurism (art)|futurism]] which arrived through Russia from the West and later [[cubism]], [[dadaism]], [[surrealism]], [[unanimism]], and German [[expressionism]]. The most influensive futurist for lithuanian writers was Russian poet [[Vladimir Mayakovsky]] <ref>[http://www.tekstai.lt/tekstai/4vejai/apie/nyliunas.htm Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas. ''Keturi vėjai ir keturvėjinikai'', ''Aidai'', 1949, No. 24]</ref>.

Note: Many of the essays found in these works have been individually translated and can be found in the English collections.

*''Psychanalyse et transversalité. Essais d'analyse institutionnelle'' (1972).

*''La révolution moléculaire'' (1977, 1980). The 1980 version (éditions 10/18) contains substantially different essays from the 1977 version.

*''L'inconscient machinique. Essais de Schizoanalyse'' (1979).

*''Les années d'hiver, 1980-1985'' (1986).

*''Cartographies schizoanalytiques'' (1989).

Other collaborations:

[[Oscar Milosz|Oskaras Milašius (Oscar Vladislas de Lubicz Milosz)]] (1877-1939) is a paradoxical and interesting phenomenon in Lithuanian culture. He never lived in Lithuania but was born and spent his childhood in Cereja (near [[Mogilev]], [[Belarus]]) and graduated from [[Lycée Janson de Sailly]] in [[Paris]]. His longing for his fatherland was more metaphysical. Having to choose between two conflicting countries — [[Lithuania]] and [[Poland]] — he preferred Lithuania which for him was an idea even more than a fatherland. In 1920 when France recognized the independence of Lithuania, he was appointed officially as Charge d’Affairs for Lithuania. He published: 1928, a collection of 26 Lithuanian songs; 1930, ''Lithuanian Tales and Stories''; 1933, ''Lithuanian Tales''; 1937, ''The origin of the Lithuanian Nation'', in which he tried to persuade the reader that Lithuanians have the same origin as Jews from the Pyrenees peninsula.

*''L’intervention institutionnelle'' (Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot, n. 382 - 1980). On [[institutional pedagogy]]. With Jacques Ardoino, G. Lapassade, Gerard Mendel, Rene Lourau.

=== Folk music ===

*''Pratique de l'institutionnel et politique'' (1985). With [[Jean Oury]] and Francois Tosquelles.

''Main article: [[Music of Lithuania]]

*(it) ''Desiderio e rivoluzione. Intervista a cura di Paolo Bertetto'' (Milan: Squilibri, 1977). Conversation with Franco Berardi (Bifo) and Paolo Bertetto.

=== Select secondary sources ===

Lithuanian [[folk music]] is based around songs (''[[daina|dainos]]''), which include romantic and wedding songs, as well as work songs and archaic war songs. These songs used to be performed either in groups or alone, and in parallel [[chord]]s or [[unison]]. [[Duophonic]] songs are common in the renowned [[sutartinė]]s tradition of [[Aukštaitija]]. Another style of Lithuanian folk music is called [[ratelis|rateliai]], a kind of [[round dance]]. Instrumentation includes [[kanklės]], a kind of [[zither]] that accompanies sutartinės, rateliai, [[waltz]]es, [[quadrille]]s and [[polka]]s, and [[fiddle]]s, (including a bass fiddle called the ''basetle'') and a kind of [[whistle]] called the ''lumzdelis''; recent importations, beginning in the late 19th century, including the [[concertina]], [[accordion]] and [[bandoneon]]. Sutartinė can be accompanied by ''skudučiai'', a form of [[panpipes]] played by a group of people, as well as wooden [[trumpets]] (''ragai'' and ''dandytės''). Kanklės is an extremely important folk instrument, which differs in the number of [[string]]s and performance techniques across the country. Other traditional instruments include ''švilpas'' whistle, drums and ''tabalas'' (a percussion instrument like a [[gong]]), ''sekminių ragelis'' ([[bagpipe]]) and the ''pūslinė'', a [[musical bow]] made from a pig's bladder filled with dried peas.<ref name="Cronshaw">Cronshaw, Andrew (2000). “Singing Revolutions”, Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.) World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East, 16-24, London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1858286360.</ref>

*[[Éric Alliez]], ''La Signature du monde, ou Qu'est-ce que la philosophie de Deleuze et Guattari'' (1993). Trans. ''The Signature of the World: Or, What is Deleuze and Guattari's Philosophy?'' (2005).

==See also==

*Gary Genosko, ''Félix Guattari: An Aberrant Introduction'' (2002).

* [[Lithuania]]

*Gary Genosko (ed.), ''Deleuze and Guattari: Critical Assessments of Leading Philosophers, Volume 2: Guattari'' (2001).

* [[Baltic states]]

* [[List of Lithuanians]]

* [[:Category:Lithuanian-Americans|Lithuanian-Americans]]

* [[Famous Lithuanian people]]

==External References links==

*[http://www.revue-chimeres.org/guattari/guattari.html Chimeres site on Guattari (in French)]

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*[http://multitudes.samizdat.net/_Guattari-Felix_.html Multitudes page on Guattari (in French)]

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