Umbro and Gaza City: Difference between pages

Revision as of 05:29, 5 October 2006

Revision as of 15:26, 13 May 2007

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{{otheruses}}

{{Infobox_Company |

{{distinguish2|the Spanish name [[Garza]]}}

company_name = Umbro PLC|

{{Infobox City

company_logo = [[Image:umbro22.jpg|200px|UMBRO logo]]|

|official_name = Gaza

company_type = [[Public company]] ({{lse|UMB}})|

|other_name = Gaza City

foundation = [[1924]] in [[Manchester]]|

|native_name = غزة<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->

___location = [[Cheadle]], [[Manchester]]|

|nickname = Gaza City

key_people = Peter McGuigan, CEO<br />[[Nigel Doughty]], Chairman |

|motto industry = [[Textile]]|

|image_skyline = Gaza Beach.jpg

products = [[Footwear]]<br>[[Accessories]]|

|imagesize revenue = |

|image_caption = Crowded beach in Gaza City

net_income = |

|image_flag = Ps-gaza1.gif

homepage = [http://www.umbro.com/ www.umbro.com]

|flag_size =2

}}

|image_seal =

|seal_size =

|image_shield =

|shield_size =

|city_logo =

|citylogo_size =

|image_map = Gz-map2.png

|mapsize =

|map_caption = Map of the Gaza Strip from [[The World Factbook]]

|pushpin_map = <!-- the name of a ___location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->

|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->

|subdivision_type = [[Country]]

|subdivision_name = [[Palestinian National Authority]]

|subdivision_type1 = [[Territory]]

|subdivision_name1 = [[Gaza Strip]]

|subdivision_type2 =

|subdivision_name2 =

|subdivision_type3 =

|subdivision_name3 =

|subdivision_type4 =

|subdivision_name4 =

|government_type =

|leader_title = mayor

|leader_name = Majid Abu Ramadan<ref name="australian">{{cite news |title=Sewage flood brings more misery to Gaza |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21466133-2703,00.html |work=The Australian |date=[[March 29]], [[2007]]}}</ref>

|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->

|leader_name1 =

|leader_title2 =

|leader_name2 =

|leader_title3 =

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|established_title = First occupied<!-- Settled -->

|established_date = [[15th century BCE]]

|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->

|established_date2 =

|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->

|established_date3 =

|area_magnitude =

|unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->

|area_footnotes =

|area_total = 45

|area_land =

|area_water =

|TotalArea_sq_mi =

|LandArea_sq_mi =

|WaterArea_sq_mi =

|area_water_percent =

|area_urban =

|UrbanArea_sq_mi =

|area_metro =

|MetroArea_sq_mi =

|population_as_of =

|population_footnotes =

|population_note =

|settlement_type = <!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->

|population_total = 400,000

|population_density =

|population_density_mi2 =

|population_metro =

|population_density_metro_km2 =

|population_density_metro_mi2 =

|population_urban =

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|timezone =

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|latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS=

|longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW=

|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->

|elevation =

|elevation_ft =

|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->

|postal_code =

|area_code =

|website = http://www.mogaza.org/

|footnotes =

}}<!--THIS ARTICLE IS ABOUT GAZA CITY; PLEASE DO NOT INCLUDE MATERIAL NOT RELEVANT TO THE CITY ITSELF. MATERIAL ABOUT THE GAZA STRIP WHICH DOES NOT RELATE SPECIFICALLY TO THE CITY SHOULD BE ADDED TO THE Gaza Strip ARTICLE-->

'''Gaza''' ({{lang-ar|غزة}} {{ArTranslit|Ġazzah}}; {{lang-he|עזה}} Azzah) is the largest city within the [[Gaza Strip]], part of the [[Palestinian territories]]. The city, which has a population of approximately 400,000, is frequently termed "Gaza City" in order to distinguish it from the larger [[Gaza Strip]].

==History==

'''Umbro''' ({{lse|UMB}}) is an internationally recognised [[football (soccer)|football]] brand based in [[Manchester]], [[United Kingdom]]. Umbro designs, sources and markets football-related apparel, footwear and equipment and its products are sold in over 90 countries worldwide.

Strategically located on the Mediterranean coastal route, ancient Gaza was a prosperous trade center and a stop on the caravan route between Egypt and Syria. The city was occupied by Egypt around the 15th century BCE. [[Philistines]] settled the area several hundred years later, and Gaza became one of their [[Pentapolis|chief cities]].

Umbro are the current [[England national football team|England]], [[FA]] and [[FA Cup]] suppliers of sports apparel.

==History==

In 145 BCE Gaza was conquered by [[Jonathan Maccabaeus|Jonathan]] the [[Hasmonean]] (Brother of [[Judas Maccabeus|Judah]] the [[Maccabees|Maccabee]]). There was a prospering Jewish presence in Gaza until the Roman ruler Gavinius expelled them in 61 CE as part of the [[First Jewish-Roman War]]. In the times of the [[Mishnah]] and the [[Talmud]] there was a large Jewish community in Gaza, and on one of the pillars of the [[Great Mosque of Gaza|Great Mosque]] of Gaza there was a Greek inscription which read "Hananiah bar Yaakov" (a Hebrew name) with a [[menorah]] carved above it. This column was originally part of a Byzantine-era synagogue, destroyed at an unknown date and reused (recycled) as part of a grand Church of St. John Baptist, built by Crusaders. When the Crusaders were driven out, the church was commandeered for use as a mosque. At an undetermined date between between 1987 and 1993, during the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada|intifada]] a very tall ladder or scaffolding were erected and the carving was chisled off.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://members.bib-arch.org/nph-proxy.pl/000000A/http/www.basarchive.org/bswbSearch.asp=3fPubID=3dBSBA&Volume=3d20&Issue=3d2&ArticleID=3d4&UserID=3d0& |title=Peace, Politics and Archaeology |last=Shanks |first=Hershel |work=Biblical Archaeology Society}}</ref> The remains of the ancient Gaza [[synagogue]], built around 500 CE, were found near the city wharf.

The company was founded in [[1920]], in [[Wilmslow]], [[Manchester]], as Humphrey Brothers Clothing; in [[1924]], the company changed its name to Umbro, a contraction of its previous name, H'''um'''phrey '''Bro'''thers. In [[1985]], in [[Brazil]], Umbro introduced its first football boot, which went into production two years later.

Gaza was occupied by [[Arabs]] in the 630s after a siege during which the Jewish population of the city defended it alongside the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] garrison.<ref>{{cite book | first=Norman | last=Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | ___location=Philadelphia | year=1979 | id=ISBN 1590454936 |pages=p. 24}} </ref> Believed to be the site where [[Muhammad]]'s great grandfather was buried, the city became an important Islamic center. In the 12th century, Gaza was taken by Christian Crusaders; it returned to Muslim control in 1187. The city fell to the [[Ottomans]] in the 16th century and was taken by the British in the [[Third Battle of Gaza]] on [[7 November]] [[1917]] during the [[First World War]].{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

Umbro also manufactured a popular style of [[shorts]], which reached its peak in the late [[1980s]] and early [[1990s]]. They were made of [[nylon]], had a drawstring waistband, and often came in bright colors. These shorts, nicknamed "Umbros", are football shorts, intended to be part of a football strip. With the growth of youth soccer leagues in the [[United States]] in the 1980s, many youths, teens, and young adults began wearing them as everyday clothing. Like football itself, they were equally popular among both genders. At the height of the fashion, other brands of football shorts, such as [[Adidas]], [[Diadora]], [[Hummel]], [[Lotto Sport Italia|Lotto]], [[Mitre]], and [[Xara]], also became popular. However, by the mid 1990s, Umbros began to lose their appeal among youth to other styles, such as cargo shorts.

Following [[World War I]], Gaza became part of the [[Palestine (mandate)|British mandate for Palestine]]. After the first Arab Israel war in [[1948]], [[Egypt]] occupied Gaza and its surrounding area. The Egyptians never accepted the inhabitants as citizens of Egypt and prohibited them from leaving Gaza Strip. [[Israel]] captured the city and the Gaza Strip during the 1967 Six Day War, and Gaza remained occupied by Israel for the next 27 years. With the onset of the Palestinian uprising known as [[First Intifada|the intifada]] in [[1987]], Gaza became a center of political unrest and confrontation between [[Israelis]] and [[Palestinians]], and economic conditions in the city worsened.{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

In the 1990s, the company relocated from its central [[Manchester]] facility to brand-new, state-of-the-art headquarters in [[Cheadle]], on the outskirts of [[Manchester]].

In September 1993, leaders of Israel and the [[Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) signed the [[Oslo Accords]] calling for Palestinian administration of the Gaza Strip and the [[West Bank]] town of [[Jericho]], which was implemented in May 1994. The Israeli forces left Gaza, leaving a new [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] to administer and police the city, along with the most of the Gaza Strip. The Palestinian Authority, led by [[Yasser Arafat]], chose Gaza as its first provincial headquarters. In September 1995, Israel and the PLO [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip|signed a second peace agreement]] extending the Palestinian Authority to most West Bank towns. The agreement also established an elected 88-member Palestinian Council, which held its inaugural session in Gaza in March 1996.{{Fact|date=April 2007}} The process of gradual Palestinian control did not lead to anticipated [[Palestinian]] statehood or assuage Israeli security concerns. In the summer of 2006, in desire to reduce Israeli military commitments after the [[Second Intifada]] and under the sudden dovish leadership of Israeli Premier [[Ariel Sharon]], [[Israel]] approved the hotly debated [[Disengagement Plan]] and unilaterally withdrew all Jewish communities from Gaza. Israel still maintain and insists on Israeli oversight of Gaza's borders and transport, even with international staffing.

The current mayor of Gaza is Majid Abu Ramadan.<ref name="australian"/>

The company today specialises in football kits, clothing, and other football apparel, like boots and training kits, and is registered on the [[London Stock Exchange]] as UMB.

===Jewish communities in Gaza===

Its major competitors include Adidas, Lotto, [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]], [[Puma AG|Puma]], and fellow [[North West England]] maker [[Reebok]].

The Jewish community in Gaza was destroyed during the [[Crusade]]s, but returned and was rebuilt with the return of the [[Mamluk]] occupation. In February 1799, when the French forces led by Napoleon entered the city, it was struck by a terrible plague which caused the Jews to move to other areas in Palestine. By the year 1886, thirty Jewish families had returned to Gaza, but they were deported by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]s during World War I. Jews returned to Gaza after the war ended but they were forced to leave once again after the [[1929 Palestine riots]] and the subsequent massacre of Jews in Safed and Hebron by Arabs. Following these riots, in which over 130 Jews were killed, the British prohibited Jews from living in Gaza to quell tension. Jews didn't return to Gaza, though in 1946 they established kibbutz [[Kfar Darom]] nearby in the central Gaza Strip.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/gaza_settlements |title=A Brief History of the Gaza Settlements |work=Jewish Virtual Library}}</ref>

==Products==

Famous Gazan Jews have included the medieval liturgical poet [[Israel Najara]], who is buried in Gaza's local cemetery, and the [[Sabbatai Zevi|Sabbatean]] prophet [[Nathan of Gaza]]. Rabbi [[Abraham Azulai]] lived in Gaza in 1619, and it was there that he wrote the book for which he is remembered, his cabalistic work "Ḥesed le-Abraham".{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

Umbro currently manufactures all types of sports wear apparel including training gear and football boots. Umbro also produce casual clothes and shoes. The company is also a major player in kit manufacture for some of the world's biggest teams.

==KitPeople manufacturingand Culture==

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}

[[Image:Gold Market, Gaza City.jpg|right|thumb|Gold Market, Gaza City]]

Gaza's population is composed almost entirely of Muslims, though it also has a small Christian community. A massive influx of [[Palestinian refugee]]s swelled Gaza's population after the [[1948 Arab-Israeli war]]. By 1967, the population had grown to about six times its 1948 size. The city's population has continued to increase since that time, and poverty, unemployment, and poor living conditions are widespread. Gaza has serious deficiencies in housing, educational facilities, health facilities, infrastructure, and an inadequate sewage system, all of which have contributed to serious hygiene and public health problems. As in the rest of the Palestinian territories, the birth rate is extremely high. The vast majority of Palestinians in Gaza live in poverty (less than 2$ per day), and rely on [[United Nations]] food aid to survive.

==Economy==

<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Engshirt.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Michael Owen]] in the new England shirt]] -->

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}

[[Image:GazaTextiles.jpg|thumb|left|Backyard Industry]]

Gaza is the economic center for a region in which citrus fruits and other crops are grown. Many Gazans work in Israeli service and industry when the border is open. The city contains some small industry, including textiles and food processing. A variety of wares are sold in Gaza's street bazaars, including carpets, pottery, wicker furniture, and cotton clothing; commercial development in the city is minimal. Gaza serves as a transportation hub for the [[Gaza Strip]], and contains a small port that serves a local fishing fleet. Overall economic development has been slow and hampered by frequent political unrest.

==Attractions==

UMBRO has produced kits for many notable football teams since establishment; its first kit was produced in [[1934]], for [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], which won the [[FA Cup]] that year.

{{Unreferenced|date=April 2007}}

Places of interest to the visitor are the [[Great Mosque of Gaza|Great Omari Mosque]], the [[The Mosque of Al Sayed Hashem|Mosque of Al Sayed Hashem]], [[the Mosque of Ibn Othman]], the [[Mosque of Ibn Marwan]], The [[Sheikh Abul Azm sanctuary]], the [[Sheikh Ajlin sanctuary]], Tell al Mintar, [[Napoleon's fort]] (Al Radwan Castle), and the [[Church of St. Porphyrius]]. The city also has many new resorts where tourists and local people can swim and relax by the beach or swimming pools.

*'''The Great Mosque (Al-Omari Mosque)'''

Located in downtown Gaza, Al-Omari Mosque with its splendid minaret, reputedly occupying the site of the first ancient temple of Marnas and then a Greek Orthodox Church. The mosque was also the site of a Norman church built by the Crusaders in the 12th century.

*'''Napoleon's Fort (Qasr El-Basha)'''

Also located in downtown Gaza, this imposing stone building dates back to the Mamluk period. It is known as Qasr El-Basha because Napoleon spent a few nights here on his way through the town in 1799.

*'''St. Porphyrus Church'''

This 4th century church is where [[St. Porphyrus]] died and was buried (420 CE) It is located in the Gaza's old city and still in use today by the Greek Orthodox Community.

*'''Al-Sayed Hashem Mosque'''

Located in Al-Daraj Quarter, the mosque is one of the largest and most beautiful ancient mosques in Gaza. The tomb of Hashem bin Abd-Manaf, Mohammad's grandfather who died in Gaza during a trading voyage, is believed to be under the dome of the mosque.

==Transport==

Over the years Umbro have also produced kits for major teams including [[Cruz Azul]][[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Aston Villa F.C|Aston Villa]], [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]], [[Everton F.C.|Everton]], [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]], [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], [[Deportivo La Coruña]], [[Olympique Lyonnais]], [[Santos Futebol Clube|Santos]], [[Atlético Nacional]], [[Ajax Amsterdam|Ajax]], [[Universitario de Deportes]], [[Celta Vigo]] and [[Hajduk Split]].

<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:beach.jpg|thumb|Gaza's beach]] -->

Gaza shared [[Yasser Arafat International Airport]] with the rest of the Gaza Strip. It was opened in 1998, but is currently inoperational, its runways and support facilities having been largely destroyed by Israeli armed forces during the [[Al-Aqsa Intifada]]. Following the Israeli withdrawal from the Gaza Strip in autumn 2005, discussions took place between the Palestinian and Israeli sides on its reopening. So far, Israeli negotiators have not agreed to allow the airport be reopened.

In addition to club teams, Umbro also produced kits for international teams, including [[Brazil national football team|Brazil]], [[England national football team|England]], [[Republic of Ireland national football team|Ireland]], [[Kenya national football team|Kenya]], [[Mexico national football team|Mexico]], [[Norway national football team|Norway]], and [[Sweden national football team|Sweden]]. During the [[1966 FIFA World Cup|1966 World Cup]], all but one of the 16 participating teams wore Umbro uniforms.

'''Arriving to Gaza''':

Players who have endorsed Umbro include [[Michael Owen]], [[Deco]], [[Luis Javier García Sanz|Luis García]], [[Míchel Salgado]], [[Alan Shearer]], [[John Terry]], and [[Tim Cahill]].

*'''By air''':

[[Gaza International Airport]], 40 km south of Gaza.

[[Ben Gurion International Airport]], Tel Aviv, 75 km north of Gaza.

*'''By car''':

Northern access: [[Erez Crossing]] point (border with [[Israel]]).

Southern access: [[Rafah Border Crossing|Rafah crossing]] point (border with [[Egypt]]).<ref>{{cite news |title=Palestinians take over key border |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4468818.stm |work=BBC News |date=[[November 25]], [[2005]]}}</ref>

==Mayors of Gaza==

Umbro currently are the official sports manufacturer of the English [[FA Cup]] and official sponsor of the new [[Wembley Stadium]]. Umbro will partner The FA in the further development of the National Football Centre (NFC) at Burton–upon–Trent, becoming the title sponsor of the Centre. Umbro is also the exclusive supplier of footballs to The FA at all levels of the game

* Maged Awni Abu Ramadan (current)

* Sa’ed Kharma{{Fact|date=April 2007}}

* Aown S. Shawa (1994-2001)

==[[Town twinning]]==

Umbro have also manufactured kits for [[Athletics (track and field)|Athletics]] and [[rugby league]].

*{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Cascais]], [[Portugal]]

*{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]]

==See also==

At the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]] Sweden and England wore Umbro kits.

{{commonscat|Gaza}}

* [[West Bank]]

* [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]

* [[Sinai Peninsula]]

* [[Porphyry of Gaza]]

* [[Al-Azhar University - Gaza]]

* [[First Battle of Gaza]]

* [[Second Battle of Gaza]]

* [[Little Gaza]]

===See also=References==

{{reflist}}

==External links==

*[[England national football team]]

{{wikinews}}

*[http://www.mogaza.org/ Municipality of Gaza]

*[http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=31.513289,34.463425&spn=0.133744,0.240704&t=k Gaza at Google Maps]

*[http://www.alazhar-gaza.edu Al-Azhar University-Gaza]

*[http://www.iugaza.edu.ps The Islamic University - Gaza]

*[http://jihadwatch.org/archives/009533.php Creation of Disputed Gaza Buffer Zone December 2005]

*[http://www.mogaza.org/latemayor.htm]

{{coor title dm|31|30|N|34|27|E|}}

===External links===

{{Cities in the Gaza Strip}}

*[http://www.umbro.com/ Umbro.com]

{{Asian capitals}}

*[http://www.umbrobykimjones.com/ Umbro by Kim Jones]

*[http://www.philiptreacyforumbro.com/ Philip Treacy for Umbro]

*[http://www.umbroplc.com/ Umbro PLC]

*[http://www.umbrofootballkits.co.uk/ Umbro Teamwear]

[[Category:ShoeCities companiesin the Gaza Strip]]

[[Category:SportingCoastal goods manufacturerscities]]

[[Category:SportingSea goods brandsPeoples]]

[[Category:ClothingTanakh and textile companiescities]]

[[Category:British brands]]

[[Category:1920 establishments]]

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