Common Program: Difference between revisions

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== Background ==

On September 29, 1949, the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference unanimously adopted the Common Program as the basic political program for the country following the success of the [[Chinese Communist Revolution|Chinese revolution]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Zheng |first=Qian |title=An Ideological History of the Communist Party of China |date=2020 |publisher=Royal Collins Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4878-0391-9 |editor-last=Zheng |editor-first=Qian |volume=2 |___location=Montreal, Quebec |translator-last=Sun |translator-first=Li |translator-last2=Bryant |translator-first2=Shelly}}</ref>{{Rp|page=25}}

The Common Program functioned as China's provisional constitution until 1954.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |title=The Cold War in East Asia |date=2018 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-65179-1 |___location=Abingdon, Oxon}}</ref>{{Rp|page=67}}

== Provisions ==

The Common Program defined [[China]] as a "[[New Democracy|new democraticdemocracy]] country" which would practice a [[people's democratic dictatorship]] led by the [[proletariat]] and based on an alliance of workers and peasants which would unite all of China's "democratic classes" (defined as those opposing imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism and favoring an independent China).<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=25}}

The Common Program described [[System of people's congress|people's congresses]] as the primary organs through which the people would exercise state power.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=26}} It stated that the [[National People's Congress]] was the highest body of state power.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=26}} According to the Common Program, all state organs should practice [[democratic centralism]].<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=26}}

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Article 35 emphasized the development of heavy [[Technological and industrial history of China|industry]], such as mining, iron and steel, power, machinery, electrical industry, and the chemical industry "in order to build a foundation for the industrialization of the nation."<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=81}}

Regarding [[Foreign policy of China|China's foreign policy]], Articles 54 and 56 state that [[Foreign relations of China|China's foreign relations]] would be based on respect for mutual sovereignty.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Leung |first=Beatrice |last2=Wang |first2=Marcus J. J. |date=2016-05-03 |title=Sino–Vatican Negotiations: problems in sovereign right and national security |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10670564.2015.1104921 |journal=Journal of Contemporary China |language=en |volume=25 |issue=99 |pages=467–482 |doi=10.1080/10670564.2015.1104921 |issn=1067-0564|url-access=subscription }}</ref>{{Rp|page=469}}

Article 75 provided that trials in the People's Courts shall be conducted through the People's Assessors System.{{Rp|page=69}}

== Academic analysis ==

Researcher Zheng Qian compares the Common Program's support for an economy with mixed forms of ownership to [[Vladimir Lenin]]'s [[New Economic Policy]] during the post-1921 transitional period in the Soviet Union.<ref name=":0" />{{Rp|page=5}}

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== Further reading ==

* [https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1949-ccp-program.asp Text in English]

{{Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference}}

[[Category:Economic history of China]]

[[Category:Legal history of China]]