Ada (programming language): Difference between revisions

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[[File:Ada Mascot with slogan.svg|thumb|Ada mascot with slogan.]]

'''Ada''' is a [[structured programming|structured]], [[statically typed]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], and [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]] [[high-level programming language]], inspired by [[Pascal (programming language)|Pascal]] and other languages. It has built-in language support for ''[[design by contract]]'' (DbC), extremely [[Strong and weak typing|strong typing]], explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous [[message passing]], protected [[Object (computer science)|objects]], and [[nondeterministic programming|non-determinism]]. Ada improves code safety and maintainability by using the [[compiler]] to find errors in favor of [[Runtime (program lifecycle phase)|runtime]] errors. Ada is an [[International standard|international]] [[technical standard]], jointly defined by the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO), and the [[International Electrotechnical Commission]] (IEC). {{As of|May 2023}}, the standard, ISO/IEC 8652:2023, is called Ada 2022 informally.<ref name="ada-letters-june2023">{{cite journal |last1=Pinho |first1=Luis Miguel |title=From the Editor's Desk |journal=Ada Letters |volume=XLIII |number=1 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |date=June 2023 |page=3 |doi=10.1145/3631483 |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |url=https://dl.acm.org/action/showFmPdf?doi=10.1145%2F3631483}}</ref>

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Preliminary Ada can be found in ACM Sigplan Notices Vol 14, No 6, June 1979<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/956650.956651 |title=ACM Sigplan Notices |volume=14 |number= 6 |date=June 1979|pages=1–145 |doi=10.1145/956650.956651 |last1=Ichbiah |first1=J. D.}}</ref>

Ada was first published in 1980 as an [[American National Standards Institute|ANSI]] standard ANSI/'''MIL-STD 1815'''. As this very first version held many errors and inconsistencies, {{Efn|see Summary of Ada Language Changes<ref>[https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/989791.989792 Summary of Ada Language Changes]</ref>}} the revised edition was published in 1983 as ANSI/MIL-STD 1815A. Without any further changes, it became an ISO standard in 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-02-21 |title=ISO 8652:1987 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/16028.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> This version of the language is commonly known as '''Ada&nbsp;83''', from the date of its adoption by ANSI, but is sometimes referred to also as '''Ada&nbsp;87''', from the date of its adoption by ISO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ada 83 LRM, Front Page |url=http://archive.adaic.com/standards/83lrm/html/Welcome.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=archive.adaic.com}}</ref> There is also a French translation; DIN translated it into German as DIN 66268 in 1988.

'''Ada&nbsp;95''', the joint ISO/IEC/ANSI standard ISO/IEC 8652:1995<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ISO/IEC 8652:1995 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/22983.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ada 95 Language Reference Manual (original) – Ada Resource Association |url=https://www.adaic.org/ada-resources/standards/ada-95-documents/lrm-original/ |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.adaic.org}}</ref> was published in February 1995, making it the first ISO standard object-oriented programming language. To help with the standard revision and future acceptance, the [[US Air Force]] funded the development of the [[GNAT]] [[Compiler]]. Presently, the GNAT Compiler is part of the [[GNU Compiler Collection]].

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Work has continued on improving and updating the technical content of the Ada language. A Technical Corrigendum to Ada&nbsp;95 was published in October 2001,<ref>[https://www.iso.org/standard/35451.html ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Corr 1:2001]</ref><ref>[http://www.adaic.org/standards/95lrm/html/RM-TTL.html Ada 95 RM with TC 1]</ref> and a major Amendment, ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ISO/IEC 8652:1995/Amd 1:2007 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/45001.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ada Reference Manual, ISO/IEC 8652:2007(E) Ed. 3 |url=https://www.adaic.org/resources/add_content/standards/05rm/html/RM-TTL.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=www.adaic.org}}</ref> was published on March 9, 2007, commonly known as '''Ada&nbsp;2005''' because work on the new standard was finished that year.

At the Ada-Europe 2012 conference in Stockholm, the Ada Resource Association (ARA) and Ada-Europe announced the completion of the design of the latest version of the Ada language and the submission of the reference manual to the [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22]]/WG 9 of the [[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) and the [[International Electrotechnical Commission]] (IEC) for approval. ISO/IEC 8652:2012<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2013-03-28 |title=ISO/IEC 8652:2012 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/61507.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> (see [https://www.adaic.org/resources/add_content/standards/12rm/html/RM-TTL.html Ada 2012 RM]) was published in December 2012, known as '''Ada&nbsp;2012'''. A technical corrigendum, ISO/IEC 8652:2012/COR 1:2016, was published <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=ISO/IEC 8652:2012/Cor 1:2016 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/69798.html |access-date=2024-01-19 |website=ISO |language=en}}</ref> (see [http://www.ada-auth.org/standards/rm12_w_tc1/html/RM-TTL.html RM 2012 with TC 1]).

On May 2, 2023, the Ada community saw the formal approval of publication of the '''Ada&nbsp;2022''' edition of the programming language standard.<ref name="ada-letters-june2023" />