IB Middle Years Programme: Difference between revisions

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{{short description|Educational programme}}

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{{IB}}

{{International Baccalaureate}}

The '''International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme''' ('''MYP''') is an educational programme for students between the ages of 11 toand 16 around the world as part of the [[International Baccalaureate]] (IB) continuum. The Middle YearYears Programme is intended to prepare students for the two-year [[IB Diploma Programme]].<ref>{{citation|title=The Lasso in the News-Press: Middle Years Program & Flipped Classrooms|date=18 February 2015|first=Nhari|last=Djan|newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|url=https://fcnp.com/2015/02/18/lasso-news-press-middle-years-program-flipped-classrooms/|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806194532/https://fcnp.com/2015/02/18/lasso-news-press-middle-years-program-flipped-classrooms/|url-status=live}}</ref>

It is used by 1,358many schools ininternationally, 108 countries. Itand has been available since 1994. It was updated in 2014 and called MYP: New chapterChapter.<ref name="Sturdy">{{cite web |last1=Sturdy |first1=Daniel |title=We're a UK school teaching the IB's MYP – here's why |url=https://www.tes.com/news/gcse-alevel-ib-myp-uk-schools-benefits-learners |website=Tes |access-date=26 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In the Middle YearYears Programme students are required to receive instruction in all eight subject groups;: Language Acquisition, Language and Literature, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, Arts, Physical and Health Education, and Design.

==Overview==

{{anchor|New chapter}}

In 2014, the International Baccalaureate Organisation introduced a new more flexible programme for the middle years, which was then called the '''MYP: Next Chapter''', but thisthough by 2019, it had transitioned into MYP.<ref name="Claremont 2017">{{cite web |last1=Azzem |first1=Tarek |title=MYP New Chapter Evaluation Report 2017 |url=https://ibo.org/globalassets/publications/ib-research/myp/myp-evaluation-report-2017-en.pdf |publisher=Claremont Graduate University |access-date=26 December 2020 |date=2017 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419213443/https://ibo.org/globalassets/publications/ib-research/myp/myp-evaluation-report-2017-en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ItThe wasIB possibleMYP does not specifically prescribe a curriculum in most subjects in order to embedenable the embedding of local curriculum in the framework. The full strategy involveinvolves approaches to learning strategy, concept-driven teaching and the global context strategy, and school organisation with collective planning, vertical structuring and cooperation with the community.<ref name="Claremont 2017" />

{{anchor|Participation}}

In order toTo officially participate in an official IB Middle Years Programme, students must attend an authorised IB World School.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|work=ibo.org|title=General FAQ|access-date=2009-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904131549/http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|archive-date=2009-09-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the U.S., the MYP is often taught throughout middle school and the first two years of high school. Typically, middle schools and high schools work in coordination with each other.<ref name="FCNP2016">{{citation|title=F.C.'s 4 Principals Share Passion For IB Program With School Board|date=10 May 2016|first=Nicholas F.|last=Benton|newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|url=https://fcnp.com/2016/05/10/f-c-s-4-principals-share-passion-for-ib-program-with-school-board/|access-date=1 August 2016|archive-date=6 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806181418/https://fcnp.com/2016/05/10/f-c-s-4-principals-share-passion-for-ib-program-with-school-board/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{anchor|Participation}}

In order to officially participate in an official IB Middle Years Programme, students must attend an authorised IB World School.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|work=ibo.org|title=General FAQ|access-date=2009-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090904131549/http://www.ibo.org/ibna/parents_students/generalfaq.cfm#f|archive-date=2009-09-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the U.S., the MYP is often taught throughout middle school and the first two years of high school. Typically, middle schools and high schools work in coordination with each other.<ref name=FCNP2016>{{citation|title=F.C.'s 4 Principals Share Passion For IB Program With School Board|date=10 May 2016|first=Nicholas F.|last=Benton|newspaper=Falls Church News-Press|url=https://fcnp.com/2016/05/10/f-c-s-4-principals-share-passion-for-ib-program-with-school-board/|access-date=1 August 2016}}</ref>

A student receives at least 50 hours of instruction per year in each of eight subject groups each year though certain flexibility is permitted to reduce this to six during the final two years. The full programme lasts five years although shorter programmes, of two, three, or four years, could be negotiated in 2016.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title = Middle Years Programme | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/ |website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 8 January 2016 |archive-date = 5 January 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160105121002/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme |url-status = live }}</ref>

===Learner profile===

At the centre of the MYP is the '''IB Learner Profile''', which defines the type of students all the IB programmes ([[Primary Years Programme]] (PYP), Middle Years Programme (MYP), and [[Diploma Programme]] (DP)) are intended to develop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/publications/recognition/myprecognitionbrochurerevdec2013.pdf|title=The Middle Years Programme|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=10 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210133358/https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/publications/recognition/myprecognitionbrochurerevdec2013.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> They are:

:*Caring

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===Global Contexts===

There are six '''Global Contexts''' (GCs) which are applied to every unit of every course the student takes. They are designed to help students recognizerecognise the connection between what they learn in the classroom and the world around them, to tie the various subject areas together, and eventually to help students "see knowledge as an interrelated, coherent whole."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/|work=ibo.org|title=IB MYP curriculum|access-date=2017-01-25|archive-date=2017-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109030742/http://ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Global Contexts should be linked to everyall topictopics taught in class and every assessment theythat is set.

The Global Contexts are as follows:

# '''identities and relationships'''

# '''personal and cultural identity''' expression

# '''orientationsorientation in space and time'''

# '''scientific and technical innovation'''

# '''fairness and development'''

# '''globalisation and sustainability'''

===Community service===

A core part of IB MYP is [[community service]]., Thealso communityknown andas serviceService areaas requiresAction students(SaA), toor studyCommunity andEngagement. performThis communityrequires studiesstudents andto undergo community service throughout the programme.

For example, in the United States, someSome schools and districts, like the [[Upper St. Clair School District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uscsd.k12.pa.us/page/239|title=International Baccalaureate / MYP Community Service|website=www.uscsd.k12.pa.us|language=en|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> and [[Montgomery County Public Schools (Maryland)]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/schools/bcchs/academics/middleyears/comservice.aspx|title=Community and Service|website=www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> either require or highly encourage a set number of hours of community service to be completed by each student, while schoolsother like [[Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us/piedmontMS/Pages/Default.aspx|title=Piedmont Open IB Middle School|website=schools.cms.k12.nc.us|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref> and [[Round Rock Independent School District]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grisham.roundrockisd.org/8th-grade-community-project/|title=8th Grade Community Project {{!}} Grisham Middle School|website=grisham.roundrockisd.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-20}}</ref>may require students to complete the "Community Project" for students to complete the programme during Year 3 or 4.

===Personal Project===

The "Personal Project" is meant to be a culmination of student learning, withand is a focusyear-long ofproject completed in the areasfinal year of interactionthe MYP. Just as with the [[extended essay]] in the [[IB Diploma Programme]], students are required to choose an academic or non-academic topic or subject for their project, whichthat theyis are expectedpersonal to complete over the course of the school yearthem. Students are required to keep a ''personal journal'' while working on the process, and schedule regular meetings with an MYPa teacher who will serve as their advisersupervisor for the project throughout the year;. inWhile addition,students ashould finalaim reflectionto mustcomplete bea writtenproduct uponfor thetheir completionproject, ofthis theis projectnot whichassessed. explainsInstead, howstudents itmust tieswrite ina with15-page atfinal leastreport onethat ofmakes up the Globalfinal Contexts.<ref>{{citegrade, web|url=http://www.ibo.org/myp/curriculum/project/|work=ibo.org|title=IBwhich MYPfocuses curriculum,on Personalplanning the Project|access-date=2010-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616093540/http://ibo.org/myp/curriculum/project/|archive-date=2010-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite, web|url=http://www.ibo.org/iba/enewsletter/may2009/myp.cfm|work=ibo.org|title=MYP:applying Aapproaches closerto looklearning atskills the(ATL Personalskills), Project|access-date=2010-04-21|archive-url=https://weband reflecting.archive.org/web/20101125135236/http://ibo.org/iba/enewsletter/may2009/myp.cfm|archive-date=2010-11-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> ToIf getcandidates are aiming to achieve the MYP certificate, the candidatethey must getachieve at least 3 out of 7 infor thetheir finalPersonal Project scorereport.

==Curricular framework==

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|Language B

|-

|Integrated Humanities (Individuals and Societies )

|Humanities

|-

Line 82 ⟶ 84:

|Arts

|-

|Physical and Health Education &nbsp; &nbsp;

|Physical Education

|-

Line 93 ⟶ 95:

A student could take another "Language and Literature" course if they have sufficient proficiency in both (In MYP years 4&5 this could replace the Language Acquisition course). Schools are given much flexibility to allow them to introduce subjects they consider important and organize their own student [[Educational assessment|assessment]] and reporting procedures.

However, the MYP gives clear assessment criteria for each subject group. The criteria get progressively get harder with the first year of MYP using the MYP 1 criteria set, then the second and third year using the MYP 3 criteria set and finally the last two years using the MYP 5 criteria set.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} Each year, MYP students should participate in one interdisciplinary activity that combines at least two of the subject groups; there is a separate criteria set for interdisciplinary learning, titled "evaluating", "synthesising" and "reflecting".

=== IB MYP Certificate (Optional)===

The MYP Certificate is the formal internationally recognised award related to the MYP. The MYP eAssessments are the form of the optional external moderation introduced in 2016.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title = Assessment from 2016 | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2020-12-21 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925034856/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/ |archive-date= Sep 25, 2020 }}</ref> To receive the MYP Certificate, each candidate must complete at least one eAssessment in each of these areaareas:

* Language and literature

* Individuals and societies

Line 105 ⟶ 107:

* Physical and health education, Arts, or Design

* The MYP Personal project

Within each area, the subject with the highest score, on the scale of 1 to 7 is counted, the results will be tallied to create a total out of 56. The pass mark is 28 and the candidate must meet the Service andas ActionsAction requirements set by the school.<ref name="ibo2">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/grading-and-awards/|title=Grading and awards - International Baccalaureate |publisher=ibo.org |access-date=2016-07-27|archive-date=2016-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801114757/http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/grading-and-awards/|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class= "wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

! colspan="4" |IB MYP Certificate eAssessment in 2016

Line 157 ⟶ 159:

| rowspan="29" |Internally marked, externally moderated with Dynamic sampling

| rowspan="20" |Course Work ePortfolio

| rowspan="9" |Language Acquisition (a 1:1 oral exam sent for external moderation)

|Arabic

|-

Line 172 ⟶ 174:

|Hindi

|-

|

|Indonesian

|-

|Spanish

|-

| rowspan="7" |Arts<ref>{{Cite web|title = Arts | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/curriculum/arts/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2015-12-16}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.globaljaya.net/secondary/MYP/Information%20about%20the%20MYP/MYP%20Next%20Chapter/PIP%20and%20other%20support/April%20E%20assessment%20report.pdf |title=ArchivedeAssessment copydevelopment report (April 2014) |publisher=Middle Years Programme |via=Global Jaya School |access-date=2015-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161246/http://www.globaljaya.net/secondary/MYP/Information%20about%20the%20MYP/MYP%20Next%20Chapter/PIP%20and%20other%20support/April%20E%20assessment%20report.pdf |archive-date=2015-12-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

|Visual art

|-

|Media arts

|-

|

|Integrated Visual Arts

|-

|Theatre

|Drama

|-

|Music

Line 189 ⟶ 191:

|Dance

|-

|

|Integrated Performing Arts

|-

|Physical and Health Education

Line 195 ⟶ 197:

|-

| rowspan="3" |Design<ref name=":1" />

| -

| Digital Design

|-

|

|Product Design

|-

|

|Combined Design

|-

| rowspan="9" |MYP Personal Project

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|Moderation in Turkish

|-

|colspan=4|

|colspan=4|Subjects may be added after the 2016 examinations

|-

|colspan=4|

|colspan=4|<nowiki>*</nowiki>May not be offered in French or Spanish (all other subjects are)

|-

|colspan=4|

|colspan=4|<nowiki>**</nowiki>Spanish only has interdisciplinary examination in sciences<ref>{{Cite web|title = Assessment from 2016 | url = http://www.ibo.org/programmes/middle-years-programme/assessment-and-exams/assessment-from-2016/|website = International Baccalaureate | access-date = 2015-12-10}}</ref>

|}

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Each subject group uses four criteria to mark a student's ability in the subject. At the end of the year, teachers give a final score, out of eight, on each criterion based on the student's performance throughout the whole year.

:{| class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" |MYP: Next chapter grade boundaries

|-

!Total Criteria Levels

!Grade

|-

|10-5

|1

|-

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|7

|}

The scores of the four criteria are added up and converted to a grade out of seven. This grade is meant to demonstrate the student's overall ability in the subject, with 1 being the lowesthighest achievement and 7 the highestlowest achievement. In eAssessment, these boundaries are determined by the International Baccalaureate.

{{hidden begin|titlestyle=background:lightgray; title =text-align: center;|title=MYP: Next Chapter Criteria for Each Subject Group }}

{{hidden begin

'''Language and Literature<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-literature_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Language and literature|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013131903/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-literature_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

| titlestyle = background:lightgrey; text-align: center;

* A: Analyzing

| title = MYP:Next Chapter Criteria for Each Subject Group }}

'''Language and Literature<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-literature_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Language and literature|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>'''

* A: Analysing

* B: Organizing

* C: Producing Text

* D: Using Language

'''Language Acquisition<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-acquisition_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Language Acquisition|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111123/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_language-acquisition_2015.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>'''

* A: Listening

* A: Comprehending spoken and visual text

* B: Reading

* B: Comprehending written and visual text

* C: Speaking

* C: Communicating in response to spoken and/or written and/or visual text

* D: Writing

* D: Using language in spoken and/or written form

'''Individuals and Societies<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_individuals-societies_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Societies|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128042958/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_individuals-societies_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Knowing and Understanding

* B: Investigating

* C: Communicating

* D: Thinking Critically

'''Sciences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_sciences_-2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Sciences|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=13 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013094745/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_sciences_-2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Knowing and Understanding

* B: Inquiring and Designing

* C: Processing and Evaluating

* D: Reflecting on the Impacts of Science

'''Mathematics<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_mathematics_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Mathematics|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=19 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219001309/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_mathematics_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Knowing and Understanding

* B: Investigating Patterns

* C: Communicating

* D: Applying Mathematics in Real-Life Contexts

'''The Arts<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_arts_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Arts|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=28 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128040316/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_arts_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Investigating

* A: Knowing and Understanding

* B: Developing Skills

* C: Thinking CreativelyCreating/Performing

* D: RespondingEvaluating

'''Physical and Health Education<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_phys-health-ed_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Physical Health Education|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921030656/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_phys-health-ed_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Knowing and Understanding

* B: Planning for Performance

* C: Applying and Performing

* D: Reflecting and Improving Performance

'''Design <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_design_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Design|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=18 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171118084340/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_design_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Inquiring and Analysing

* B: Developing Ideas

* C: Creating the Solution

* D: Evaluating

'''Interdisciplinary learning<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief-interdisciplinary-learning-2015-en.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Interdisciplinary Learning|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=21 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921030836/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief-interdisciplinary-learning-2015-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* A: Evaluating

* A: Disciplinary Grounding

* B: SynthesizingSynthesising

* C: CommunicatingReflecting

'''Personal Project<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_personal-project_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Personal Project|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-date=15 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171215111127/http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_personal-project_2015.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>'''

* D: Reflecting

* BA: Planning

'''Personal Project<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-tookit/brochures/myp-brief_personal-project_2015.pdf|title=International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme Subject Brief : Personal Project|website=Ibo.org|access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref>'''

* B: Applying Skills

* A: Investigating

* DC: Reflecting{{hidden end}}

* B: Planning

* C: Taking action

==History and development of the IB Middle Years Programme==

* D: Reflecting

The Middle Years Program was developed significantly later than the [[IB Diploma Programme|Diploma Programme]], and in parallel to and independently of what would become the [[IB Primary Years Programme|Primary Years Programme]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bunnell|first=Tristan|date=2011-12-01|title=The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme after 30 years: A critical inquiry|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240911423604|journal=Journal of Research in International Education|language=en|volume=10|issue=3|pages=261–274|doi=10.1177/1475240911423604|s2cid=145667093|issn=1475-2409|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="presentation">{{Cite web|date=2017|title=The history of the IB |url=https://www.ibo.org/globalassets/digital-toolkit/presentations/1711-presentation-history-of-the-ib-en.pdf|website=International Baccalaureate Organization |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419225751/https://ibo.org/globalassets/digital-toolkit/presentations/1711-presentation-history-of-the-ib-en.pdf |archive-date= Apr 19, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Barnes|first=David|date=1998|title=And Then There Were Three...IB Programmes, That Is...|url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ575274|journal=International Schools Journal|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|pages=44–47|issn=0264-7281|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119053111/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ575274|url-status=live}}</ref> The Middle Years Programme's "birthplace" is considered to be the International School Moshi, in [[Tanzania]], today known as the [[United World College East Africa]], which had been the first school to introduce the IB diploma to the African continent.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hayden|first=Mary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oI7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT183|title=Perspectives on Assessment and Evaluation in International Schools|date=2018-07-30|publisher=John Catt Educational|isbn=978-1-911382-66-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lope|first=Marjorie D.|date=2014|title=Perceptions of global mindedness in the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme: The relationship to student academic performance and teacher characteristics|url=https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/16270/Lope_umd_0117E_15769.pdf|journal=Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117045034/https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/16270/Lope_umd_0117E_15769.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 1970s the school identified a pedagogical disconnect stemming from teaching the British [[GCE Ordinary Level|O-levels]] curriculum to students aged 12–15, and then the International Baccalaureate Diploma for students 15–18. The headmaster at the time, Lister Hannah, led discussions on the potential of developing a new three year pre-IB curriculum at the ''Association of International Schools in Africa'' conference in Nairobi in October 1978. Hannah, together with the heads of the [[International School of Lusaka]], Zambia, and the [[International School of Tanganyika]] in [[Dar es Salaam]], Tanzania, engaged in discussions with the [[International Baccalaureate|International Baccalaureate Organization]] and the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' about establishing a new pre-IB programme. In 1980, the school hosted a conference of the ''International Schools Association (ISA)'' in Moshi, titled 'The Needs of the Child in the Middle Years of Schooling (ages 12–15)'.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bunnell|first=Tristan|date=2011-11-29|title=Book review: The Changing Face of International Education: Challenges for the IB|url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475240911421263|journal=Journal of Research in International Education|volume=10|issue=3|pages=306–308|doi=10.1177/1475240911421263|s2cid=147238045|issn=1475-2409|access-date=2022-01-19|archive-date=2022-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220117010330/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1475240911421263|url-status=live|url-access=subscription}}</ref> This conference recommended the development of a course to meet the needs of students aged 12–15 years, with a focus on six key 'needs', which were described as ''Global'', ''Intellectual'', ''Personal'', ''Physical'', ''Creative'', and ''Social''.<ref name="presentation"/>

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Further workshops and conferences ([[Lusaka]] in 1981, [[New York City]] in 1981, [[Lotte, Germany|Wersen]] in 1981, [[London]] in 1982, and [[Cyprus]] in 1983) brought additional schools into the conversation, including the [[International School of Geneva|International School of Geneva (Ecolint)]], the [[United Nations International School|United Nations International School (UNIS)]] in New York City, and the [[Vienna International School]], and established a framework for what would become the ISA curriculum (ISAC), and later the Middle Years Programme. It was during this time that Gérard Renaud, previously a teacher at Ecolint and then Director General of the IB,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Gérard Renaud|url=https://www.ibo.org/about-the-ib/governance-and-leadership/director-general/past-directors-general/gerard-renaud/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=International Baccalaureate®|language=en}}</ref> and Robert Belle-Isle, who was the director at UNIS and had previously been the superintendent of the Chambly school district in [[Quebec]], became involved in the initiative.

From 1983 to 1990 the discussions crystallized into a four-year curriculum for students aged 12–15, rather than a purely pre-IB course. At the 1987 ISA annual conference in Svendborg, it was decided to pilot the newly designed curriculum. Three schools took part in the initial pilot: the [[Macdonald Cartier High School|MacDonald Cartier High School]] in Quebec, Canada (in Belle-Isle's former school district of Chambly); [[Het Rijnlands Lyceum Oegstgeest|Het Rijnlands Lyceum]] in the Netherlands; and St Catherine's School in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The [[Vienna International School]] joined soon after, and other school boards in Quebec became interested in the program at MacDonald Cartier, and around 20 schools soon began implementing the experimental program.

The ISAC programme was taken over by the International Baccalaureate Organization in the early 1990s, officially becoming the IB Middle Years Programme in 1994.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 2010|title= History of the Middle Years Programme|url=https://balimyp.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/history-of-the-myp.pdf|website=International Baccalaureate Organization |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230312034905/https://balimyp.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/history-of-the-myp.pdf |archive-date= Mar 12, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Peterson|first=A. D. C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTUjMNjNo3EC&pg=PA241|title=Schools Across Frontiers|date=2003|publisher=Open Court|isbn=0-8126-9505-4|edition=2|___location=Chicago, Ill.|pages=241–244|oclc=48837050}}</ref>

==Discussion==

===Evidence of benefit===

The ''Chicago Tribune'' reported that in 1998 in that city's [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly]] area, only 67 students in the 8th grade chose to attend a local public high school offering an IB curriculum. When a cluster of Beverly schools introduced the IB Middle Years Programme in the 1999–2000 school year, the number of 8th graders who chose to attend the local high school then increased to about 150. One student was quoted, "I had really good teachers in the IB."<ref>{{cite web | last = Olszewski | first = Lori | title = World Class Education in Middle Schools Too | publisher = Chicago Tribune | date = June 25, 2002 | url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/2002/06/25/world-class-education-in-middle-schools-too/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302220856/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-06-25/news/0206250296_1_middle-schools-middle-years-program-ib |archive-date= Mar 2, 2017 }}</ref>

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.prepscholar.com/international-baccalaureate-schools-in-us-complete-list|title=Complete List of IB Schools in the USA, by State|last=Seigel|first=Dora|website=blog.prepscholar.comOnline SAT / ACT Prep Blog by PrepScholar|language=en-us|access-date=2019-04-30|archive-date=2019-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430170007/https://blog.prepscholar.com/international-baccalaureate-schools-in-us-complete-list|url-status=live}}</ref>

==External links==

* [https://www.fcusd.org/cms/lib03/CA01001934/Centricity/Domain/2663/From%20Principles%20into%20Practice.pdf Middle Years Programme, "MYP: From Principlesprinciples into Practicepractice" (May 2014)]. Full description of the MYP on the cusp of introduction of MYP:Next Chapter.

* [http://www.ibo.org/myp The Middle Years Programme] Official website